The Evolution of Intelligence

Cover......Page 0
The Evolution of Intelligence......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Conceptual Definitions......Page 12
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE......Page 13
Criterion 3: Evolutionary Origins and Development......Page 15
REFERENCES......Page 16
2  Evolutionary Psychology:  Promise and Perils......Page 20
EVOLUTION AND HUMAN INTELLIGENCE......Page 21
EVOLUTION AND INTELLIGENCE AFTER DARWIN......Page 22
Sociobiology......Page 23
TENETS OF EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY......Page 24
Reverse-Engineering......Page 25
Logical Reasoning and Evolutionary Psychology......Page 26
Evolution and Cognitive Disorders......Page 27
CRITIQUES OF EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY......Page 30
Adaptationism Versus Spandrels......Page 31
Minds Leave No Fossils......Page 32
CONCLUSION......Page 33
REFERENCES......Page 34
3   Social Cognition  Inhibition, and Theory  of Mind: The Evolution  of Human Intelligence......Page 38
THE SOCIAL NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE......Page 39
THE ROLE OF INHIBITION IN COGNITION......Page 43
Inhibition and Theory of Mind......Page 44
The Neural Basis of Inhibition......Page 46
Evolution of the Human Brain......Page 48
Not Responding in Social Contexts......Page 49
Control of Sexual and Aggressive Responses......Page 50
Successful Parenting......Page 52
Deception......Page 53
THEORY OF MIND......Page 56
Co-Opting Inhibition Abilities for More “Cognitive” Tasks......Page 59
CONCLUSION......Page 60
REFERENCES......Page 61
INTRODUCTORY ISSUES......Page 66
COGNITIVE PROCESSES, NEUROSCIENCE,   AND INTELLIGENCE......Page 68
LOCALIZATION OF STRUCTURES MEDIATING   COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR......Page 69
FRONTO-STRIATAL PATHWAYS......Page 70
ENCEPHALIZATION AND THE GROWTH OF THE BRAIN......Page 72
COGNITIVE CAPACITIES IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES......Page 73
TOOL BEHAVIOR IN OTHER SPECIES......Page 75
HOMINID TOOL USE......Page 76
LANGUAGE, SPEECH, AND COMMUNICATION......Page 77
THE EVOLUTION OF INTELLECT: EVIDENCE FROM ART......Page 81
POINTING, DIRECTING ATTENTION, WITHHOLDING   INFORMATION AND DECEPTION......Page 83
MACHIAVELLIAN INTELLIGENCE   AND THEORY OF MIND......Page 84
REFERENCES......Page 85
5   The Primate Origins  of Human Intelligence......Page 90
EARLIEST ORIGINS: BEFORE 50M......Page 93
INCREASING SOCIAL SOPHISTICATION: 50M TO 25M......Page 94
UNDERSTANDING HOW THINGS WORK: 12M......Page 95
THE LAST COMMON ANCESTORS: 4.5M......Page 99
BUILDING THE COMPOSITE PICTURE......Page 101
REFERENCES......Page 103
6   Pumping Up Intelligence:  Abrupt Climate Jumps  and the Evolution  of Higher Intellectual  Functions During  the Ice Ages......Page 108
HIGHER INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONS......Page 109
LANGUAGE IN THE MULTIPLE USE CONTEXT......Page 111
FINDING THE RIGHT LEVEL......Page 112
FROM STRATIFIED STABILITY TO DARWINISM......Page 113
MAKING DARWINISM FAST ENOUGH......Page 115
HOMINID EVOLUTION AND THE ICE AGES......Page 116
Abrupt Climate Change......Page 117
GROWTH CURVES......Page 119
COOPERATION AND GROUP SELECTION......Page 120
PRECISION THROWING AS CURB CUT......Page 121
THE PUMP RUN BY BISTABLE CLIMATE......Page 123
AFTERWORD: THE FUTURE'S INTELLIGENCE TEST   FOR HUMANS......Page 124
REFERENCES......Page 125
7   Evolution of the  Generative Mind......Page 128
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: UNITARY OR MULTIFACETED?......Page 129
Evolutionary Psychology and the Modularity of Mind......Page 130
The Neuroconstructivist Approach......Page 133
Clues From Language......Page 134
THE GENERATIVITY OF THOUGHT......Page 135
Development as the Key to Generativity......Page 137
THE EVOLUTION OF GENERATIVITY......Page 140
Generativity in the Great Apes......Page 141
Bipedalism and the Freeing of the Hands......Page 146
The Increase in Brain Size......Page 147
The Switch to Vocal Language......Page 148
CONCLUSIONS......Page 149
REFERENCES......Page 151
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY AND THE ENIGMA   OF INTELLIGENCE......Page 156
The Robot Challenge......Page 159
The Standard Social Science Model......Page 160
The Organismic Challenge......Page 162
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?......Page 163
What Is a Computational System?......Page 164
How Natural Selection Designs Organisms......Page 165
Computational and Noncomputational Adaptive Problems......Page 167
What Does Well-Designed Mean?......Page 168
WHAT IS DEDICATED INTELLIGENCE?......Page 169
HOW IS DEDICATED INTELLIGENCE ACHIEVED?......Page 174
Functional Specialization......Page 175
Evolved Crib Sheets......Page 176
The Structure of a Dedicated Intelligence......Page 178
Dedicated Intelligences Expand Our Abilities......Page 179
Why Content-Rich Is Better Than Content-Poor......Page 180
BEYOND DEDICATED INTELLIGENCE: THE HOMINID   ENTRY INTO THE COGNITIVE NICHE......Page 183
WHAT IS IMPROVISATIONAL INTELLIGENCE?......Page 185
THE ENIGMA OF IMPROVISIONAL INTELLIGENCE......Page 187
WHAT IS THE SCOPE PROBLEM?......Page 190
Scope Syntax, Truth, and Naïve Realism......Page 193
Scope Representations......Page 197
Supposition, Din, and Natural Deduction Systems......Page 200
Source, Error Correction, and the Evolution of Communication......Page 204
CONCLUSION......Page 205
REFERENCES......Page 206
WHAT IS AN ADAPTATION?......Page 210
INTELLIGENCE, AS CURRENTLY CHARACTERIZED......Page 213
IDEALLY COMPLETE ADAPTATION EXPLANATIONS......Page 215
SLEEP IS AN ADAPTATION......Page 216
IS INTELLIGENCE AN ADAPTATION?......Page 217
THE SPANDRELS OF INTELLIGENCE......Page 219
CREATIVE DECEPTION AND OTHER MINDS:   A CASE OF ADAPTATIONIST OVERSTEPPING......Page 223
FACE READING, AGAIN......Page 230
REFERENCES......Page 232
STARTING SIMPLE......Page 234
THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY THESIS......Page 236
ON COMPLEXITY......Page 243
Example One: Phenotypic Plasticity......Page 247
Example Two: The Evolution of Associative Learning......Page 249
Example Three: Spatial Memory and Cognitive Maps......Page 252
Example Four: Social Intelligence Models......Page 255
Environmental Complexity Thesis  (more detailed version)......Page 258
REFERENCES......Page 259
11   On Theory in Comparative  Psychology......Page 262
THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS......Page 263
THE SPECIAL PROBLEM OF COMPARATIVE   PSYCHOLOGY......Page 264
BRAIN EVOLUTION AS AN APPROACH   TO BEHAVIORAL EVOLUTION......Page 266
STRUCTURE OF THE THEORY......Page 269
INFERENCE ABOUT THE EVOLUTION OF MIND......Page 271
EVOLUTIONARY EVENTS......Page 277
SELECTION FOR ENCEPHALIZATION:   REPTILES INTO MAMMALS......Page 281
MAMMALIAN INTELLIGENCE......Page 284
BRAIN AND PERCEPTION......Page 285
HOMINID ENCEPHALIZATION 1:   THE BEGINNINGS OF LANGUAGE......Page 286
HOMINID ENCEPHALIZATION 2:   SIZE OF THE NEUROLINGUISTIC SYSTEM......Page 287
HOMINID ENCEPHALIZATION 3: SOCIAL PREDATION......Page 288
HOMINID ENCEPHALIZATION 4:   LANGUAGE, COGNITION, COMMUNICATION,  AND CONSCIOUSNESS......Page 291
FINAL REMARKS......Page 293
REFERENCES......Page 296
EVOLVING THOUGHT CONTAGIONS:   AN INTRODUCTION......Page 300
EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT CONTAGION AND THE   DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL INTELLIGENCE  AND POPULATION INTELLIGENCE......Page 303
THOUGHT CONTAGION EFFECTS IN THE EVOLUTION   OF INDIVIDUAL INTELLIGENCE......Page 318
REFERENCES......Page 324
13   Evolution of Avian  Intelligence,  With an Emphasis  on Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus)......Page 326
HOW CAN WE STUDY AVIAN INTELLIGENCE?......Page 327
THE STUDY OF AVIAN COGNITION......Page 328
Categorization......Page 329
Same-Different......Page 331
Spatial Memory......Page 333
Numerical Capacities......Page 334
Communication......Page 336
EVOLUTION OF AVIAN INTELLIGENCE......Page 337
REFERENCES......Page 339
14   Intelligence as Predisposed  Skeptical Induction  Engines......Page 350
EVOLUTION AS A SKEPTICAL INDUCTION ENGINE......Page 351
CHANGE, UNCERTAINTY, AND THE EVOLUTION   OF INTELLIGENCE......Page 352
CONSTRAINTS ON INTELLIGENCE......Page 356
INTELLIGENCE AS A SET OF SKEPTICAL INDUCTION   ENGINES......Page 361
CULTURE AND CULTURAL CHANGE......Page 364
REFERENCES......Page 367
15   Get Smart......Page 370
WHY DEVELOPMENT?......Page 372
A CASE STUDY:   LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE......Page 375
PROBLEMS AND MYSTERIES......Page 376
REFERENCES......Page 377
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