The Ethics of Killing: Problems at the Margins of Life

CONTENTS......Page 13
1. Preliminaries......Page 19
2.1. Hylomorphism......Page 23
2.2. The Cartesian Soul......Page 30
2.3. Divided Consciousness......Page 35
3.1. When Does a Human Organism Begin to Exist?......Page 40
3.2. Organisms, Embryos, and Corpses......Page 45
3.3. Brain Transplantation......Page 47
3.4. Dicephalus......Page 51
4.1. Identity and Egoistic Concern......Page 55
4.2. Beginning to Exist and Ceasing to Exist......Page 59
4.3. “Pre-persons” and “Post-persons”......Page 62
4.4. Revisions and a Note on Method......Page 64
4.5. Replication and Egoistic Concern......Page 71
4.6. Psychological Connectedness and Continuity......Page 75
5.1. The Embodied Mind Account of Identity......Page 82
5.2. The Basis of Egoistic Concern......Page 85
5.3. Possible Divergences Between Identity and Egoistic Concern......Page 98
5.4. The Individuation of Minds......Page 102
5.5. Mind, Brain, and Organism......Page 104
1. Preliminaries......Page 111
2.1. Immortality......Page 114
2.2. The Token Comparison......Page 119
3.1. A Plurality of Comparisons......Page 123
3.2. Criteria for Determining the Appropriate Comparison......Page 128
4.1. When Death Would Have Occurred Soon From a Different Cause......Page 133
4.2. The Inheritance Strategy and the Problem of the Terminus......Page 136
4.3. Overall Losses in Dying......Page 143
4.4. The Previous Gain Account......Page 152
4.5. Discounting Misfortunes for Previous Gains......Page 156
5.1. The Standard for Assessing Fortune......Page 161
5.2. A Hierarchy of Being?......Page 175
5.3. The Overall Fortune of Those Who Die in Infancy......Page 178
6.1. The Time-Relative Interest Account......Page 181
6.2. Narrative Unity, Retroactive Effects, Desert, and Desire......Page 190
7. A Paradox......Page 201
1.1. Two Accounts......Page 205
1.2. The Killing of Animals......Page 210
2.1. The Options......Page 219
2.2. Membership in the Human Species......Page 225
2.3. Comembership in a Species as a Special Relation......Page 233
2.4. Convergent Assimilation......Page 244
3.1. The Time-Relative Interest Account......Page 248
3.2. The Requirement of Respect......Page 256
3.3. The Basis of the Worth of Persons......Page 267
1. Early Abortion......Page 283
2. Late Abortion......Page 285
3. Prenatal Harm......Page 296
4. Is a Later Abortion Worse?......Page 304
5. Time-Relative Interests and Adaptation......Page 310
6.1. Potential and Identity......Page 318
6.2. Potential as a Basis for Moral Status......Page 324
6.3. Potential, Cognitive Impairment, and Animals......Page 332
7. The Sanctity of Human Life......Page 345
8.1. Abortion and Infanticide......Page 354
8.2. Are Infants “Replaceable?"......Page 361
9.1. The Argument......Page 378
9.2. Responsibility for the Fetus’s Need for Aid......Page 380
9.3. Parental Responsibility......Page 389
9.4. Killing and Letting Die......Page 394
9.5. The Dependent Child Case......Page 408
10.1. Self-Defense Against a Nonresponsible Threat......Page 414
10.2. Proportionality, Third-party Intervention, and Forfeiture......Page 427
10.3. The Decisive Asymmetry......Page 434
1.1. Two Concepts of Death......Page 439
1.2. Brain Death......Page 442
1.3. Persistent Vegetative State and Deep Coma......Page 459
1.4. Anencephalic Infants......Page 466
2.1. From Suicide to Euthanasia......Page 471
2.2. The Sanctity of Life, Again......Page 480
2.3. Respect for the Worth of Persons......Page 489
2.4. Nonvoluntary Euthanasia......Page 501
3.1. The Metaphysics of Progressive Dementia......Page 509
3.2. The Moral Authority of Advance Directives......Page 512
NOTES......Page 521
REFERENCES......Page 537
S......Page 547
Y......Page 548
B......Page 549
D......Page 550
G......Page 551
M......Page 552
P......Page 553
R......Page 554
T......Page 555
X......Page 556