The Essential World History

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
DETAILED CONTENTS......Page 6
DOCUMENTS......Page 17
MAPS......Page 19
FEATURES......Page 21
PREFACE......Page 22
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 28
THEMES FOR UNDERSTANDING WORLD HISTORY......Page 30
A NOTE TO STUDENTS ABOUT LANGUAGES AND THE DATING OF TIME......Page 31
STUDYING FROM PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIALS......Page 32
I: THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS AND THE RISE OF EMPIRES (PREHISTORY TO 500 C.E.)......Page 37
1 THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS: THE PEOPLES OF WESTERN ASIA AND EGYPT......Page 39
The First Humans......Page 40
The Emergence of Civilization......Page 44
Civilization in Mesopotamia......Page 45
Egyptian Civilization: \'\'The Gift of the Nile\'\'......Page 49
New Centers of Civilization......Page 56
The Rise of New Empires......Page 59
2 ANCIENT INDIA......Page 66
The Emergence of Civilization in India: Harappan Society......Page 67
The Arrival of the Aryans......Page 69
Escaping the Wheel of Life: The Religious World of Ancient India......Page 78
The Exuberant World of Indian Culture......Page 84
3 CHINA IN ANTIQUITY......Page 90
The Dawn of Chinese Civilization......Page 91
The Zhou Dynasty......Page 94
The First Chinese Empire: The Qin Dynasty (221--206 B.C.E.)......Page 102
Daily Life in Ancient China......Page 107
Chinese Culture......Page 109
4 THE CIVILIZATION OF THE GREEKS......Page 116
Early Greece......Page 117
The Greek City-States (c. 750--c. 500 B.C.E.)......Page 120
The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece......Page 124
The Rise of Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander......Page 132
The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms......Page 134
5 THE FIRST WORLD CIVILIZATION: ROME, CHINA, AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE SILK ROAD......Page 142
Early Rome and the Republic......Page 143
The Roman Empire at Its Height......Page 149
Crisis and the Late Empire......Page 154
Transformation of the Roman World: The Development of Christianity......Page 156
The Glorious Han Empire (202 B.C.E.--221 C.E.)......Page 159
II: NEW PATTERNS OF CIVILIZATION......Page 169
6 THE AMERICAS......Page 171
Early Civilizations in Central America......Page 172
The First Civilizations in South America......Page 183
Stateless Societies in the Americas......Page 188
7 FERMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE RISE OF ISLAM......Page 194
The Rise of Islam......Page 195
The Arab Empire and Its Successors......Page 199
Islamic Civilization......Page 208
8 EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN AFRICA......Page 220
The Emergence of Civilization......Page 221
The Coming of Islam......Page 228
States and Stateless Societies in Central and Southern Africa......Page 234
African Society......Page 236
African Culture......Page 238
9 THE EXPANSION OF CIVILIZATION IN SOUTHERN ASIA......Page 245
The Silk Road......Page 246
India After the Mauryas......Page 248
The Arrival of Islam......Page 251
Society and Culture......Page 256
The Golden Region: Early Southeast Asia......Page 262
10 THE FLOWERING OF TRADITIONAL CHINA......Page 272
China After the Han......Page 273
China Reunified: The Sui, the Tang, and the Song......Page 274
Explosion in Central Asia: The Mongol Empire......Page 284
The Ming Dynasty......Page 289
In Search of the Way......Page 291
The Apogee of Chinese Culture......Page 293
11 THE EAST ASIAN RIMLANDS: EARLY JAPAN, KOREA, AND VIETNAM......Page 299
Japan: Land of the Rising Sun......Page 300
Korea: Bridge to the East......Page 314
Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon......Page 316
12 THE MAKING OF EUROPE......Page 323
The Emergence of Europe in the Early Middle Ages......Page 324
Europe in the High Middle Ages......Page 328
Medieval Europe and the World......Page 343
13 THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND CRISIS AND RECOVERY IN THE WEST......Page 348
From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire......Page 349
The Zenith of Byzantine Civilization (750--1025)......Page 354
The Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire (1025--1453)......Page 356
The Crises of the Fourteenth Century......Page 358
Recovery: The Renaissance......Page 363
III: THE EMERGENCE OF NEW WORLD PATTERNS (1500--1800)......Page 369
14 NEW ENCOUNTERS: THE CREATION OF A WORLD MARKET......Page 371
An Age of Exploration and Expansion......Page 372
The Portuguese Maritime Empire......Page 375
Spanish Conquests in the \'\'New World\'\'......Page 378
The Impact of European Expansion......Page 380
Africa in Transition......Page 382
Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade......Page 388
15 EUROPE TRANSFORMED: REFORM AND STATE BUILDING......Page 398
The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century......Page 399
Europe in Crisis, 1560--1650......Page 406
Response to Crisis: The Practice of Absolutism......Page 412
England and Limited Monarchy......Page 415
The Flourishing of European Culture......Page 417
16 THE MUSLIM EMPIRES......Page 422
The Ottoman Empire......Page 423
The Safavids......Page 431
The Grandeur of the Mughals......Page 434
17 THE EAST ASIAN WORLD......Page 447
China at Its Apex......Page 448
Changing China......Page 455
Tokugawa Japan......Page 459
Korea and Vietnam......Page 467
18 THE WEST ON THE EVE OF A NEW WORLD ORDER......Page 472
Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: An Intellectual Revolution in the West......Page 473
Economic Changes and the Social Order......Page 479
Colonial Empires and Revolution in the Western Hemisphere......Page 481
Toward a New Political Order and Global Conflict......Page 484
The French Revolution......Page 487
The Age of Napoleon......Page 492
IV: MODERN PATTERNS OF WORLD HISTORY (1800--1945)......Page 499
19 THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERNIZATION: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY......Page 501
The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact......Page 502
The Growth of Industrial Prosperity......Page 506
Reaction and Revolution: The Growth of Nationalism......Page 512
National Unification and the National State, 1848--1871......Page 516
The European State, 1871--1914......Page 519
20 THE AMERICAS AND SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE WEST......Page 527
Latin America in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries......Page 528
The North American Neighbors: The United States and Canada......Page 534
The Emergence of Mass Society......Page 536
Cultural Life: Romanticism and Realism in the Western World......Page 539
Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual and Cultural Developments......Page 544
21 THE HIGH TIDE OF IMPERIALISM......Page 551
The Spread of Colonial Rule......Page 552
The Colonial System......Page 553
India Under the British Raj......Page 554
Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia......Page 557
Empire Building in Africa......Page 562
The Emergence of Anticolonialism......Page 570
22 SHADOWS OVER THE PACIFIC: EAST ASIA UNDER CHALLENGE......Page 577
The Decline of the Manchus......Page 578
Chinese Society in Transition......Page 587
A Rich Country and a Strong State: The Rise of Modern Japan......Page 590
23 THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY CRISIS: WAR AND REVOLUTION......Page 602
The Road to World War I......Page 603
The Great War......Page 605
Crisis in Russia and the End of the War......Page 611
An Uncertain Peace......Page 617
In Pursuit of a New Reality: Cultural and Intellectual Trends......Page 621
24 NATIONALISM, REVOLUTION, AND DICTATORSHIP: ASIA, THE MIDDLE EAST, AND LATIN AMERICA FROM 1919 TO 1939......Page 626
The Rise of Nationalism......Page 627
Revolution in China......Page 638
Japan Between the Wars......Page 642
Nationalism and Dictatorship in Latin America......Page 646
25 THE CRISIS DEEPENS: WORLD WAR II......Page 653
Retreat from Democracy: Dictatorial Regimes......Page 654
The Path to War......Page 657
World War II......Page 661
The New Order......Page 666
The Home Front......Page 668
Aftermath of the War......Page 672
V: TOWARD A GLOBAL CIVILIZATION? THE WORLD SINCE 1945......Page 679
26 EAST AND WEST IN THE GRIP OF THE COLD WAR......Page 681
The Collapse of the Grand Alliance......Page 682
Cold War in Asia......Page 688
From Confrontation to Coexistence......Page 693
An Era of Equivalence......Page 700
27 BRAVE NEW WORLD: COMMUNISM ON TRIAL......Page 708
The Postwar Soviet Union......Page 709
The Disintegration of the Soviet Empire......Page 715
The East Is Red: China Under Communism......Page 717
\'\'Serve the People\'\': Chinese Society Under Communism......Page 723
28 EUROPE AND THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE SINCE 1945......Page 734
Recovery and Renewal in Europe......Page 735
Emergence of the Superpower: The United States......Page 740
Latin America Since 1945......Page 743
Society and Culture in the Western World......Page 746
29 CHALLENGES OF NATION BUILDING IN AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST......Page 759
Uhuru: The Struggle for Independence in Africa......Page 760
The Era of Independence......Page 762
Continuity and Change in Modern African Societies......Page 768
Crescent of Conflict......Page 774
Society and Culture in the Contemporary Middle East......Page 781
30 TOWARD THE PACIFIC CENTURY?......Page 789
South Asia......Page 790
Southeast Asia......Page 798
Japan: Asian Giant......Page 804
The Little Tigers......Page 808
EPILOGUE......Page 817
GLOSSARY......Page 823
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE......Page 835
CHAPTER NOTES......Page 848
INDEX......Page 852