The Epistle to the Romans (New International Commentary on the New Testament)

Contents......Page 5
Editor\'s Preface......Page 7
Author\'s Preface......Page 8
Abbreviations......Page 10
II. A Note on the Use of Secondary Sources......Page 18
III. Commentaries......Page 19
IV. Other Significant Works......Page 23
A. Paul......Page 26
B. The Christian Community in Rome......Page 28
II. Integrity, Literary History, and Text......Page 30
III. Audience......Page 34
IV. Nature and Genre......Page 38
A. Focusing on Paul\'s Circumstances......Page 41
2. Corinth/Galatia......Page 42
B. Focusing on Problems in Rome......Page 43
VI. Theme......Page 47
B. The Conceptual Framework......Page 50
C. The Theme......Page 52
Papyri......Page 55
Miniscules......Page 56
VIII. Structure......Page 57
IX. Analysis of Romans (With Page References)......Page 58
A. PRESCRIPT (1:1-7)......Page 62
B. THANKSGIVING AND OCCASION: PAUL AND THE ROMANS (1:8-15)......Page 78
C. THE THEME OF THE LETTER (1:16-17)......Page 86
a. Dikaioō (\"Justify\")......Page 102
b. Dikaiosynē (\"Righteousness\")......Page 103
2. \"The Righteousness of God\" (dikaiosynē theou)......Page 104
1. \"Justify\" (Dikaioō)......Page 109
2. \"Righteousness\" (Dikaiosynē)......Page 110
4. A Note on E. Käsemann\'s Interpretation of \"The Righteousness of God\"......Page 111
C. Justification by Faith in Romans and in Paul\'s Theology......Page 112
II. THE HEART OF THE GOSPEL: JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH (1:1 - 4:25)......Page 113
A. THE UNIVERSAL REIGN OF SIN (1:18-3:20)......Page 114
1. All Persons Are Accountable to God for Sin (1:18-32)......Page 118
2. Jews Are Accountable to God for Sin (2:1-3:8)......Page 148
i. Critique of Jewish Presumption (2:1-5)......Page 150
ii. The Impartiality of Judgment (2:6-11)......Page 158
iii. Judgment and the Law (2:12-16)......Page 167
b. The Limitations of the Covenant (2:17-29)......Page 180
i. The Law (2:17-24)......Page 181
ii. Circumcision (2:25-29)......Page 189
c. God\'s Faithfulness and the Judgment of Jews (3:1-8)......Page 200
3. The Guilt of All Humanity (3:9-20)......Page 220
Excursus: Paul, \"Works of the Law,\" and First-Century Judaism......Page 234
1. Justification and the Righteousness of God (3:21-26)......Page 241
2. \"By Faith Alone\" (3:27-4:25)......Page 266
a. \"By Faith Alone\": Initial Statement (3:27-31)......Page 268
b. \"By Faith Alone\": Elaboration with Respect to Abraham (4:1-25)......Page 278
i. Faith and Works (4:1-8)......Page 280
ii. Faith and Circumcision (4:9-12)......Page 289
iii. Faith, Promise, and the Law (4:13-22)......Page 294
iv. The Faith of Abraham and the Faith of the Christian (4:23-25)......Page 309
III. THE ASSURANCE PROVIDED BY THE GOSPEL: THE HOPE OF SALVATION (5:1-8:39)......Page 313
1. From Justification to Salvation (5:1-11)......Page 318
2. The Reign of Grace and Life (5:12-21)......Page 337
B. FREEDOM FROM BONDAGE TO SIN (6:1-23)......Page 373
1. \"Dead to Sin\" through Union with Christ (6:1-14)......Page 376
Excursus: Paul\'s \"With Christ\" Conception......Page 414
2. Freed from Sin\'s Power to Serve Righteousness (6:15-23)......Page 419
C. FREEDOM FROM BONDAGE TO THE LAW (7:1-25)......Page 432
1. Released from the Law, Joined to Christ (7:1-6)......Page 433
2. The History and Experience of Jews under the Law (7:7-25)......Page 446
a. The Coming of the Law (7:7-12)......Page 454
b. Life under the Law (7:13-25)......Page 464
D. ASSURANCE OF ETERNAL LIFE IN THE SPIRIT (8:1-30)......Page 490
1. The Spirit of Life (8:1-13)......Page 493
2. The Spirit of Adoption (8:14-17)......Page 519
3. The Spirit of Glory (8:18-30)......Page 529
E. THE BELIEVER\'S SECURITY CELEBRATED (8:31-39)......Page 560
IV. THE DEFENSE OF THE GOSPEL: THE PROBLEM OF ISRAEL (9:1-11:36)......Page 570
A. INTRODUCTION: THE TENSION BETWEEN GOD\'S PROMISES AND ISRAEL\'S PLIGHT (9:1-5)......Page 578
B. DEFINING THE PROMISE (1): GOD\'S SOVEREIGN ELECTION (9:6-29)......Page 591
1. The Israel within Israel (9:6-13)......Page 593
2. Objections Answered: The Freedom and Purpose of God (9:14-23)......Page 611
3. God\'s Calling of a New People: Israel and the Gentiles (9:24-29)......Page 632
C. UNDERSTANDING ISRAEL\'S PLIGHT: CHRIST AS THE CLIMAX OF SALVATION HISTORY (9:30-10:21)......Page 639
1. Israel, the Gentiles, and the Righteousness of God (9:30-10:13)......Page 641
a. The Righteousness of God and the \"Law of Righteousness\" (9:30-33)......Page 643
b. The Righteousness of God and \"Their Own Righteousness\" (10:1-4)......Page 653
c. Gospel and Law (10:5-13)......Page 666
2. Israel\'s Accountability (10:14-21)......Page 684
D. SUMMARY: ISRAEL, THE \"ELECT,\" AND THE \"HARDENED\" (11:1-10)......Page 693
E. DEFINING THE PROMISE (2): THE FUTURE OF ISRAEL (11:11-32)......Page 706
1. God\'s Purpose in Israel\'s Rejection (11:11-15)......Page 708
2. The Interrelationship of Jews and Gentiles: A Warning to Gentile Believers (11:16-24)......Page 719
3. The Salvation of \"All Israel\" (11:25-32)......Page 733
F. CONCLUSION: PRAISE TO GOD IN LIGHT OF HIS AWESOME PLAN (11:33-36)......Page 762
V. THE TRANSFORMING POWER OF THE GOSPEL: CHRISTIAN CONDUCT (12:1-15:13)......Page 767
A. THE HEART OF THE MATTER: TOTAL TRANSFORMATION (12:1-2)......Page 771
B. HUMILITY AND MUTUAL SERVICE (12:3-8)......Page 781
C. LOVE AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS (12:9-21)......Page 792
D. THE CHRISTIAN AND SECULAR RULERS (13:1-7)......Page 813
E. LOVE AND THE LAW (13:8-10)......Page 833
F. LIVING IN LIGHT OF THE DAY (13:11-14)......Page 840
G. A PLEA FOR UNITY (14:1-15:13)......Page 849
1. Do Not Condemn One Another! (14:1-12)......Page 856
2. Do Not Cause Your Brother to Stumble! (14:13-23)......Page 871
3. Put Other People First! (15:1-6)......Page 887
4. Receive One Another! (15:7-13)......Page 895
VI. THE LETTER CLOSING (15:14-16:27)......Page 907
A. PAUL\'S MINISTRY AND TRAVEL PLANS (15:14-33)......Page 908
1. Looking Back: Paul\'s Ministry in the East (15:14-21)......Page 909
2. Looking Ahead: Jerusalem, Rome, and Spain (15:22-29)......Page 921
3. A Request for Prayer (15:30-33)......Page 930
1. Commendation of Phoebe (16:1 -2)......Page 935
2. Greetings to Roman Christians (16:3-16)......Page 939
3. A Warning, a Promise, and a Prayer for Grace (16:17-20)......Page 950
4. Greetings from Paul\'s Companions (16:21-23)......Page 956
C. CONCLUDING DOXOLOGY (16:25-27)......Page 959
Subjects......Page 965
Authors......Page 968
Scripture References......Page 987
Early Extrabiblical Literature......Page 1028