The Environment: A Revolution in Attitudes (Information Plus Reference Series)

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
ISBN 1414407688......Page 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 5
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK......Page 7
COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS......Page 8
Twentieth-Century America......Page 9
THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ON THE U.S. ECONOMY How Government Regulations Work......Page 11
Attitudes of Business toward Environmental Regulation......Page 12
THE ANTIREGULATORY MOVEMENT......Page 13
LITIGATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY......Page 14
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE—AN EVOLVING ISSUE......Page 15
‘‘NEW’’ CRIME—ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME......Page 16
A First Major Step—The Stockholm Conference......Page 18
Some Difficulties Facing International Environmental Protection......Page 19
Environmental Protection Efforts......Page 21
Personal Participation......Page 22
Americans Rank Their Concerns......Page 23
Lacking Basic Knowledge......Page 24
U.S. Air Pollution Legislation......Page 25
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS?......Page 26
Carbon Monoxide......Page 27
Lead......Page 28
Nitrogen Dioxide......Page 29
Ozone......Page 30
Particulate Matter......Page 31
Sulfur Dioxide......Page 33
Clean Air Interstate Rule......Page 34
THE AUTOMOBILE’S CONTRIBUTION TO AIR POLLUTION......Page 35
Reformulated Gasoline......Page 36
Market Factors......Page 37
Alternative Fuels......Page 38
THE COST OF AIR POLLUTION AND POLLUTION CONTROL......Page 40
THE CLEAN AIR ACT—A HUGE SUCCESS......Page 41
THE ANTIREGULATORY REBELLION......Page 42
PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT AIR POLLUTION......Page 43
GREENHOUSE GASES......Page 45
Carbon Dioxide......Page 46
Ozone......Page 47
Nitrous Oxide......Page 48
Engineered Gases......Page 49
A RECENT WARMING TREND......Page 50
The Effects of Clouds on Global Temperature......Page 51
The Effects of El Nin˜o and La Nin˜a......Page 52
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TAKES ACTION The World Meteorology Organization Speaks Up......Page 53
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992)......Page 54
The Kyoto Protocol (1997)......Page 55
SOME RESEARCHERS QUESTION THE CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING......Page 56
THE UNITED STATES GOES ITS OWN WAY......Page 57
Fluctuating Rainfall Patterns......Page 59
COMPUTER MODELS......Page 60
PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING......Page 61
EVIDENCE OF OZONE DEPLETION......Page 63
OZONE-DEPLETING CHEMICALS......Page 65
Class I Chemicals......Page 66
A LANDMARK IN INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY: THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL......Page 67
Demand Increasing for CFCs in Developing Countries......Page 68
MONITORING DATA SHOW PROGRESS......Page 69
UNITED STATES EFFORTS TO END OZONE DEPLETION......Page 70
SUBSTITUTES AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES......Page 71
PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT THE OZONE......Page 72
Sources Caused by Human Activity......Page 73
NATURAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACID RAIN DEPOSITION......Page 74
Aquatic Systems......Page 75
Soil and Vegetation......Page 76
THE POLITICS OF ACID RAIN......Page 77
A New Flexibility in Meeting Regulations......Page 78
EMISSIONS AND DEPOSITION......Page 79
PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT ACID RAIN......Page 80
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 81
Development of a Throw-Away Society......Page 82
LAWS GOVERNING WASTE......Page 83
INDUSTRIAL NONHAZARDOUS WASTES......Page 85
MSW COMPOSITION......Page 86
Food Scraps......Page 87
Consumer Electronics......Page 88
MSW MANAGEMENT......Page 89
How Organic Matter Decomposes in Landfills......Page 90
Imports and Exports of Garbage......Page 91
Trends in Landfill Development......Page 92
INCINERATION AND COMBUSTION......Page 94
Incinerator and WTE Emissions......Page 95
Flow Control Laws......Page 96
MATERIAL RECOVERY RATES......Page 99
Metals......Page 100
Plastics......Page 101
Collection and Sorting......Page 102
Materials Recovery Facilities......Page 103
The Role of Government......Page 104
THE HISTORY AND CURRENT STRENGTH OF RECYCLING......Page 105
FUTURE FOCUS: ELECTRONIC WASTE RECYCLING......Page 106
INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE......Page 109
METHODS OF MANAGING HAZARDOUS WASTE......Page 110
GOVERNMENT REGULATION The Toxics Release Inventory......Page 111
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act......Page 112
CERCLA and the Superfund......Page 114
Sources of Radioactive Waste......Page 117
Classes of Radioactive Waste......Page 119
Geologic Repositories for Radioactive Waste......Page 122
Overall Water Use in 2000......Page 125
The Freshwater Supply......Page 128
A Water Crisis Looming in the West?......Page 130
National Water Quality Database......Page 132
The Federal Role in Protecting Groundwater......Page 134
DRINKING WATER Drinking Water Legislation......Page 137
Incidence of Disease Caused by Tainted Water—CDC Surveillance Report......Page 139
Milwaukee—‘‘The Nation’s Worst Drinking Water Disaster’’......Page 140
PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT WATER ISSUES......Page 141
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, PROGRAMS, AND FUNDING......Page 143
CHEMICAL TOXINS......Page 144
Lead......Page 145
Pesticides......Page 147
Endocrine Disrupters—Environmental Hormones......Page 150
ASBESTOS......Page 151
Radon......Page 152
Health Hazards......Page 153
Pathogens......Page 155
FORESTS......Page 159
Tropical Rain Forests......Page 160
Stresses on Forests......Page 161
Timber Harvesting and Replanting......Page 165
WETLANDS—FRAGILE ECOSYSTEMS......Page 166
History of Wetlands Use......Page 167
SOILS......Page 169
Soil Erosion and Agriculture......Page 170
Endangered Species Act......Page 171
Species Loss—Crisis or False Alarm?......Page 172
Invasive Species......Page 173
Sharing the Planet......Page 174
Oil in the Arctic......Page 175
Antarctic Resources—Regulate or Prohibit?......Page 176
PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT NATURAL RESOURCES......Page 177
IMPORTANT NAMES AND ADDRESSES......Page 179
RESOURCES......Page 181
A......Page 183
C......Page 185
D......Page 187
E......Page 188
F......Page 190
G......Page 191
I......Page 192
L......Page 193
M......Page 194
N......Page 195
O......Page 197
P......Page 198
R......Page 199
S......Page 200
T......Page 202
U......Page 203
W......Page 204
Z......Page 205