The Enduring Vision: a History of the American People

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Brief Contents......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of Maps......Page 22
Preface......Page 24
About the Authors......Page 33
Peopling New Worlds......Page 35
Mesoamerica and South America......Page 38
BEYOND AMERICA — GLOBAL INTERACTIONS: The Origins and Spread of Agriculture......Page 40
The Southwest......Page 42
The Eastern Woodlands......Page 44
Nonfarming Societies......Page 46
North American Peoples on the Eve of European Contact......Page 48
Kinship and Gender......Page 49
Spiritual and Social Values......Page 50
CHRONOLOGY 13,000 B.C.E.–C.E. 1500......Page 52
CONCLUSION......Page 53
West Africa:Tradition and Change......Page 54
European Culture and Society......Page 57
Religious Upheavals......Page 60
The Reformation in England, 1533–1625......Page 62
Europe and the Atlantic World, 1400–1600......Page 63
The “New Slavery” and Racism......Page 64
To the Americas and Beyond, 1492–1522......Page 67
TECHNOLOGY & CULTURE: Sugar Production in the Americas......Page 68
Spain’s Conquistadors, 1492–1536......Page 70
The Columbian Exchange......Page 72
Spain’s Northern Frontier......Page 73
France: Colonizing Canada......Page 76
England and the Atlantic World, 1558–1603......Page 77
Failure and Success in Virginia, 1603–1625......Page 79
New England Begins, 1614–1625......Page 81
A “New Netherland” on the Hudson, 1609–1625......Page 82
CHRONOLOGY: 1400–1625......Page 83
Conclusion......Page 84
State and Church in Virginia......Page 86
State and Church in Maryland......Page 87
Death, Gender, and Kinship......Page 88
Tobacco Shapes a Region, 1630–1675......Page 89
Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676......Page 90
From Servitude to Slavery......Page 92
A City upon a Hill......Page 93
New England Ways......Page 95
Towns, Families, and Farm Life......Page 97
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Anne Hutchinson vs. John Winthrop......Page 98
Economic and Religious Tensions......Page 100
Expansion and Native Americans......Page 102
Salem Witchcraft, 1691–1693......Page 104
Sugar and Slaves: The West Indies......Page 107
Rice and Slaves:Carolina......Page 108
The Middle Colonies......Page 110
English Conquests: New York and New Jersey......Page 111
Quaker Pennsylvania......Page 113
France Claims a Continent......Page 115
New Mexico: The Pueblo Revolt......Page 117
CHRONOLOGY: 1625–1700......Page 119
Conclusion......Page 120
Royal Centralization, 1660–1688......Page 122
The Glorious Revolution, 1688–1689......Page 123
A Generation of War, 1689–1713......Page 125
Mercantilist Empires in America......Page 126
Population Growth and Diversity......Page 128
Rural White Men and Women......Page 133
The Urban Paradox......Page 134
Slavery......Page 136
GOING TO THE SOURCE: A Planter Describes the Task System......Page 137
The Rise of Colonial Elites......Page 138
France and the American Heartland......Page 139
Native Americans and British Expansion......Page 140
British Expansion in the South: Georgia......Page 142
Spain’s Borderlands......Page 143
Colonial Politics......Page 146
The Enlightenment......Page 148
The Great Awakening......Page 151
CHRONOLOGY: 1660–1750......Page 153
Conclusion......Page 154
A Fragile Peace, 1750–1754......Page 156
The Seven Years’ War in America, 1754–1760......Page 158
The End of French North America, 1760–1763......Page 159
Anglo-American Friction......Page 161
Frontier Tensions......Page 162
Imperial Authority, Colonial Opposition, 1760–1766......Page 163
Writs of Assistance, 1760–1761......Page 164
The Sugar Act, 1764......Page 165
The Stamp Act Crisis, 1765–1766......Page 166
Ideology, Religion, and Resistance......Page 170
Opposing the Quartering Act, 1766–1767......Page 171
Crisis over theTownshend Duties, 1767–1770......Page 172
Customs “Racketeering,” 1767–1770......Page 174
“Wilkes and Liberty,” 1768–1770......Page 175
The Deepening Crisis, 1770–1774......Page 177
The Boston Massacre, 1770......Page 178
Conflicts in the Backcountry......Page 179
The Tea Act, 1773......Page 181
Toward Independence, 1774–1776......Page 182
The “Intolerable Acts”......Page 183
From Resistance to Rebellion......Page 185
Common Sense......Page 186
Declaring Independence......Page 187
CHRONOLOGY: 1750–1776......Page 189
Conclusion......Page 190
Loyalists and Other British Sympathizers......Page 192
The Opposing Sides......Page 195
Shifting Fortunes in the North, 1776–1778......Page 197
BEYOND AMERICA – GLOBAL INTERACTIONS: The American Revolution as an International War......Page 200
The War in the West, 1776–1782......Page 202
Victory in the South, 1778–1781......Page 204
Peace at Last, 1782–1783......Page 206
Egalitarianism among White Men......Page 207
White Women in Wartime......Page 208
A Revolution for African-Americans......Page 209
Native Americans and the Revolution......Page 212
From Colonies to States......Page 213
Formalizing a Confederation, 1776–1781......Page 215
Finance, Trade, and the Economy, 1781–1786......Page 216
The Confederation and the West......Page 217
Shays’s Rebellion, 1786–1787......Page 221
The Philadelphia Convention, 1787......Page 222
The Struggle over Ratification, 1787–1788......Page 226
Conclusion......Page 228
Implementing Government......Page 230
The Federal Judiciary andthe Bill of Rights......Page 231
Establishing the Nation’s Credit......Page 232
Creating a National Bank......Page 234
Emerging Partisanship......Page 235
The Whiskey Rebellion......Page 236
The United States in a Wider World, 1789–1796......Page 237
Spanish Powerin Western North America......Page 238
Challenging American Expansion, 1789–1792......Page 239
France and Factional Politics, 1793......Page 240
Diplomacy and War, 1793–179......Page 242
Ideological Confrontation, 1793–1794......Page 244
The Republican Party, 1794–1796......Page 245
The Election of 1796......Page 246
The Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798......Page 247
The Election of 1800......Page 249
Economic and Social Change......Page 250
Producing for Markets......Page 251
White Women in the Republic......Page 253
Land and Culture: Native Americans......Page 255
African-American Struggles......Page 258
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Benjamin Banneker to Thomas Jefferson......Page 260
CHRONOLOGY: 1788–1800......Page 262
Jefferson and Jeffersonianism......Page 264
Jefferson’s “Revolution”......Page 265
Jefferson and the Judiciary......Page 266
Extending the Land: The Louisiana Purchase, 1803......Page 267
The Election of 1804......Page 268
Exploring the Land: The Lewis and Clark Expedition......Page 269
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Meriwether Lewis’s Journal......Page 270
Challenges on the Home Front......Page 272
The Suppression of American Trade and Impressment......Page 273
The Embargo Act of 1807......Page 275
James Madison and the Failure of Peaceable Coercion......Page 276
Tecumseh and the Prophet......Page 277
Congress Votes for War......Page 279
On to Canada......Page 280
The British Offensive......Page 281
The Hartford Convention......Page 282
Madison’s Nationalism and the Era of Good Feelings, 1817–1824......Page 283
John Marshall and the Supreme Court......Page 284
The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821......Page 286
The Monroe Doctrine, 1823......Page 288
CHRONOLOGY: 1801–1824......Page 289
Conclusion......Page 290
The Sweep West......Page 292
Western Society and Customs......Page 293
The Federal Government and the West......Page 294
The Removal of the Indians......Page 295
The Growth of the Market Economy......Page 298
Federal Land Policy......Page 299
The Speculator and the Squatter......Page 300
Steamboats, Canals, and Railroads......Page 301
The Growth of the Cities......Page 304
Industrial Beginnings......Page 305
Textile Towns in New England......Page 306
Artisans and Workers in Mid-Atlantic Cities......Page 308
Urban Inequality: The Rich and the Poor......Page 309
The “Middling Classes......Page 311
The Attack on the Professions......Page 313
The Challenge to Family Authority......Page 314
Wives and Husbands......Page 315
Horizontal Allegiances and the Rise of Voluntary Associations......Page 317
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Tocqueville on American Democracy......Page 318
CHRONOLOGY: 1815–1840......Page 320
Conclusion......Page 321
Democratic Ferment......Page 322
The Election of 1824 and the Adams Presidency......Page 323
The Rise of Andrew Jackson and the Election of 1828......Page 324
Jackson in Office......Page 326
Nullification......Page 327
The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832......Page 330
The War on the Bank......Page 331
The Rise of Whig Opposition......Page 332
The Panic of 1837......Page 333
Log Cabins, Hard Cider, and a Maturing Second Party System......Page 334
The Rise of Popular Religion......Page 335
The Second Great Awakening......Page 336
Eastern Revivals......Page 337
The Rise of Mormonism......Page 339
The Shakers......Page 340
The Age of Reform......Page 342
The War on Liquor......Page 344
Public-School Reform......Page 345
Abolition......Page 346
Women’s Rights......Page 350
Penitentiaries and Asylums......Page 351
Utopian Communities......Page 352
CHRONOLOGY: 1824–1840......Page 354
Conclusion......Page 355
Agricultural Advancement......Page 356
Technology and Industrial Progress......Page 358
The Railroad Boom......Page 359
Rising Prosperity......Page 362
Dwellings......Page 363
Conveniences and Inconveniences......Page 364
Disease and Medicine......Page 366
Phrenology......Page 367
Newspapers......Page 368
The Theater......Page 369
Minstrel Shows......Page 370
The Quest for Nationality in Literature and Art......Page 371
Cooper, Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, and Whitman......Page 373
Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe......Page 376
Literature in the Marketplace......Page 378
American Landscape Painting......Page 380
CHRONOLOGY: 1840–1860......Page 382
Conclusion......Page 383
The Lure of Cotton......Page 384
Ties Between the Lower and Upper South......Page 386
The North and South Diverge......Page 387
The Social Groupa of the white......Page 388
Planters and Plantation Mistresses......Page 389
The Yeomen......Page 392
Social Relation in th White South......Page 393
Conflict and Consensus in the White South......Page 394
Conflict over Slavery......Page 395
The Proslavery Argument......Page 396
Violence, Honor, and Dueling in the Old South......Page 397
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Daniel R. Hundley Defends the South......Page 398
The Southern Evangelicals and White Values......Page 399
The Maturing of the Plantation System......Page 400
Work and Discipline of Plantation Slaves......Page 401
The Slave Family......Page 403
The Longevity, Diet, and Health of Slaves......Page 404
Away from the Plantation: Slaves in Town and Free Blacks......Page 405
Slave Resistance......Page 407
African-American Religion......Page 409
Black Music and Dance......Page 412
CHRONOLOGY: 1830–1860......Page 413
Conclusion......Page 414
Expectations and Realities......Page 416
The Germans......Page 418
The Irish......Page 419
Anti-Catholicism, Nativism, and Labor Protest......Page 420
Immigrant Politics......Page 421
The Far West......Page 422
Far Western Trade......Page 423
Mexican Government in the Far West......Page 424
Texas Revolution, 1836......Page 425
American Settlements in California, New Mexico, and Oregon......Page 426
The Overland Trails......Page 427
The Whig Ascendancy......Page 428
The Election of 1844......Page 429
Manifest Destiny, 1845......Page 430
Polk and Oregon......Page 432
TECHNOLOGY & CULTURE: The Telegraph......Page 434
The Origins of the Mexican-American War......Page 436
The Mexican-American War......Page 438
The Wilmot Proviso......Page 441
The Election of 1848......Page 442
The California Gold Rush......Page 443
CHRONOLOGY: 1840–1848......Page 444
Conclusion......Page 445
The Compromise of 1850......Page 446
Henry Clay Proposes a Compromise......Page 447
Assessing the Compromise......Page 448
Enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act......Page 449
The Election of 1852......Page 451
The Collapse of the Second party System, 1853-1856......Page 452
The Kansas-Nebraska Act......Page 453
The Ebbing of Manifest Destiny......Page 454
The Whigs Disintegrate, 1854–1855......Page 455
The Rise and Fall of the Know-Nothings,1853–1856......Page 456
The Republican Party and the Crisis in Kansas, 1855–1856......Page 457
The Election of 1856......Page 459
The Dred Scott Case, 1857......Page 460
The Lecompton Constitution, 1857......Page 461
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858......Page 463
The Legacy of Harpers Ferry......Page 466
The South Contemplates Secession......Page 467
The Election of 1860......Page 468
The Movement for Secession......Page 469
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Lincoln at Cooper Union......Page 471
The Coming of War......Page 473
CHRONOLOGY: 1850–1861......Page 474
Conclusion......Page 475
Recruitment and Conscription......Page 477
Financing the War......Page 479
Political Leadership in Wartime......Page 480
Securing the Union’s Borders......Page 481
Armies, Weapons, and Strategies......Page 482
Stalemate in the East......Page 485
The War in the West......Page 487
The Soldiers’ War......Page 488
Ironclads and Cruisers: The Naval War......Page 490
The Diplomatic War......Page 491
Emancipation Transforms the War, 1863......Page 492
From Confiscation to Emancipation......Page 493
Crossing Union Lines......Page 494
Black Soldiers in the Union Army......Page 495
Slavery in Wartime......Page 496
The Turning Point of 1863......Page 498
The War’s Economic Impact: The North......Page 501
The War’s Economic Impact: The South......Page 502
Dealing with Dissent......Page 503
The Medical War......Page 504
The War and Women’s Rights......Page 506
The Eastern Theater in 1864......Page 507
The Election of 1864......Page 508
Sherman’s March Through Georgia......Page 509
Toward Appomattox......Page 510
The Impact of the War......Page 511
CHRONOLOGY: 1861–1865......Page 512
Conclusion......Page 513
Reconstruction Politics, 1865-1877......Page 515
Presidential Reconstruction Under Johnson......Page 516
Congress versus Johnson......Page 518
Congressional Reconstruction, 1866–1867......Page 519
The Impeachment Crisis, 1867–1868......Page 521
The Fifteenth Amendment and the Question of Woman Suffrage, 1869–1870......Page 522
A New Electorate......Page 524
Counterattacks......Page 526
The Impact of Emancipation......Page 528
Confronting Freedom......Page 529
African-American Institutions......Page 530
Land, Labor, and Sharecropping......Page 531
Toward a Crop-Lien Economy......Page 533
Grantism......Page 534
The Liberals’ Revolt......Page 535
GOING TO THE SOURCE: The Barrow Plantation......Page 536
The Panic of 1873......Page 539
Republicans in Retreat......Page 540
“Redeeming” the South......Page 541
The Election of 1876......Page 542
CHRONOLOGY: 1865–1877......Page 544
Conclusion......Page 545
The Plains Indians......Page 547
The Assault on Nomadic Indian Life......Page 549
Custer’s Last Stand, 1876......Page 552
“Saving” the Indians......Page 553
The Ghost Dance and the End of Indian Resistance on the Great Plains, 1890......Page 554
The First Transcontinental Railroad......Page 556
Homesteading on the Great Plains......Page 557
New Farms, New Markets......Page 558
Building a Society and Achieving Statehood......Page 559
The Spread of Mormonism......Page 560
Sothwestern Borderlands......Page 561
The Mining Frontier......Page 563
Cowboys and the Cattle Frontier......Page 564
Bonanza Farms......Page 567
BEYOND AMERICA—GLOBAL INTERACTIONS: Cattle-Raising in the Americas......Page 568
The West of Life and Legend......Page 570
Revitalizing the Frontier Legend......Page 571
Beginning a National Parks Movement......Page 572
CHRONOLOGY: 1860–1900......Page 574
Conclusion......Page 575
The Character of Industrial Change......Page 576
Consolidating the Railroad Industry......Page 578
Applying the Lessons of the Railroads to Steel......Page 579
The Trust:Creating New Forms of Corporate Organization......Page 581
The Triumph of Technology......Page 583
TECHNOLOGY & CULTURE: Electricity......Page 584
Specialized Production......Page 586
Social and Environmental Costs and Benefits......Page 587
Obstacles to Economic Development......Page 590
The New South Creed and Southern Industrialization......Page 591
The Southern Mill Economy......Page 592
From Workshop to Factory......Page 593
The Hardships of Industrial Labor......Page 594
Immigrant Labor......Page 595
Women and Work inIndustrial America......Page 597
Hard Work and the Gospel of Success......Page 598
Labour Union and Industrial......Page 599
Organizing Workers......Page 600
Strikes and Labor Unrest......Page 603
Social Thinkers Probe for Alternatives......Page 605
CHRONOLOGY: 1865–1900......Page 607
Conclusion......Page 608
The New American......Page 610
Migrants and Immigrants......Page 611
Adjusting to an Urban Society......Page 614
Slums and Ghettos......Page 615
Fashionable Avenues and Suburbs......Page 616
Manners and Morals......Page 618
The Cult of Domesticity......Page 619
The Transformation of Higher Education......Page 620
Battling Poverty......Page 622
New Approaches to Social Reform......Page 623
The Social Gospel......Page 625
The Settlement-House Movement......Page 626
Streets, Saloons, and Boxing Matches......Page 627
The Rise of Professional Sports......Page 628
Vaudeville, Amusement Parks, and Dance Halls......Page 630
Ragtime......Page 631
The Genteel Tradition and Its Critics......Page 632
Modernism in Architecture and Painting......Page 636
From Victorian Lady to New Woman......Page 637
Public Education as an Arena of Class Conflict......Page 638
CHRONOLOGY: 1860–1900......Page 640
Conclusion......Page 641
Contested Political Visions......Page 643
Political Bosses and Machine Politics......Page 645
Regulating the Money Supply......Page 646
Civil-Service Reform......Page 647
A Democrat in the White House: Grover Cleveland, 1885–1889......Page 649
Big Business Strikes Back; Benjamin Harrison,1889–1893......Page 650
Agrarian Protest and the Rise of the People’s Party......Page 651
African-Americans After Reconstruction......Page 654
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Women in Politics......Page 656
THE 1890S: POLITICS IN A DEPRESSION DECADE......Page 658
Capitalism in Crisis: The Depression of 1893–1897......Page 659
Business Leaders Respond......Page 660
Silver Advocates Capture the Democratic Party......Page 661
1896: Republicans Triumphant......Page 662
Expansionist Stirrings and War with Spain, 1878-1901......Page 664
Roots of Expansionist Sentiment......Page 665
Pacific Expansion......Page 666
Crisis over Cuba......Page 667
The Spanish-American War, 1898......Page 668
Critics of Empire......Page 670
Guerrilla War in the Philippines, 1898–1902......Page 671
CHRONOLOGY: 1877–1902......Page 672
Conclusion......Page 673
The Many Faces of Progressivism......Page 675
Intellectuals Offer New Social Views......Page 677
Novelists, Journalists, and Artists Spotlight Social Problems......Page 678
Reforming Local Politics......Page 679
Regulating Business, Protecting Workers......Page 681
Making Cities More Livable......Page 682
Urban Amusements; Urban Moral Control......Page 684
Immigration Restriction and Eugenics......Page 686
Racism and Progressivism......Page 688
African-American Leaders Organize Against Racism......Page 690
Revival of the Woman-Suffrage Movement......Page 691
Enlarging “Woman’s Sphere”......Page 693
Workers Organize; Socialism Advances......Page 694
Roosevelt’s Path to the White House......Page 695
Labor Disputes,Trustbusting, Railroad Regulation......Page 696
Environmentalism Progressive-Style......Page 697
GOING TO THE SOURCE: John Muir on America’s Parks and Forests......Page 698
Taft in the White House, 1909–1913......Page 700
The Four-Way Election of 1912......Page 701
Tariff and Banking Reform......Page 703
Regulating Business; Aiding Workers and Farmers......Page 704
Progressivism and the Constitution......Page 705
CHRONOLOGY: 1900–1920......Page 706
Conclusion......Page 707
The “Open Door”: Competing for the China Market......Page 709
Roosevelt and Taft Assert U.S. Power in Latin America and Asia......Page 711
Wilson and Latin America......Page 714
The Coming of War......Page 715
The Perils of Neutrality......Page 716
The United States Enters the War......Page 718
Raising, Training, and Testing an Army......Page 719
Organizing the Economy for War......Page 720
With the American Expeditionary Force in France......Page 722
Turning the Tide......Page 724
Advertising the War......Page 726
Wartime Intolerance and Dissent......Page 728
Suppressing Dissent by Law......Page 730
Blacks Migrate Northward......Page 731
Women in Wartime......Page 732
Public-Health Crisis: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic......Page 733
The War and Progressivism......Page 734
Wilson’s Fourteen Points; The Armistice......Page 735
The Versailles Peace Conference, 1919......Page 736
The Fight over the League of Nations......Page 738
Racism and Red Scare, 1919–1920......Page 739
The Election of 1920......Page 740
CHRONOLOGY: 1899–1920......Page 741
Conclusion......Page 742
Booming Business, Ailing Agriculture......Page 743
New Modes of Producing, Managing, and Selling......Page 744
Struggling Labor Unions in a Business Age......Page 747
The Evolving Presidency: Scandals and Public-Relations Manipulation......Page 748
Republican Policy Making in a Probusiness Era......Page 749
Independent Internationalism......Page 750
Women and Politics in the 1920s: Achievements and Set backs......Page 751
Cities, Cars, Consumer Goods......Page 752
Soaring Energy Consumption and Environmental Threats......Page 754
Mass-Produced Entertainment......Page 755
GOING TO THE SOURCE: President Coolidge on the Importance of Outdoor Recreation......Page 756
Celebrity Culture......Page 758
The Jazz Age and the Postwar Crisis of Values......Page 759
Alienated Writers......Page 761
Architects, Painters, and Musicians Confront Modern America......Page 762
The Harlem Renaissance......Page 763
Immigration Restriction......Page 764
Nativism, Antiradicalism, and the Sacco-Vanzetti Case......Page 765
Fundamentalism and the Scopes Trial......Page 766
The Ku Klux Klan......Page 767
The Garvey Movement......Page 768
Prohibition: Cultures in Conflict......Page 769
Hoover at the Helm......Page 770
The Election of 1928......Page 771
Herbert Hoover’s Social Thought......Page 772
CHRONOLOGY: 1920–1929......Page 773
Conclusion......Page 774
Black Thursday and the Onset of the Depression......Page 776
Hoover’s Response......Page 777
Mounting Discontent and Protest......Page 779
The New Deal Takes Shapes, 1933-1935......Page 780
Roosevelt and His Circle......Page 781
The Hundred Days......Page 782
Problems and Controversies Plague the Early New Deal......Page 784
1934–1935: Challenges from Right and Left......Page 786
Expanding Federal Relief......Page 788
The Social Security Act of 1935; End of the Second New Deal......Page 791
The 1936 Roosevelt Land slide and the New Democratic Coalition......Page 792
The Environment and the West......Page 794
The Roosevelt Recession......Page 796
Final Measures; Growing Opposition......Page 797
The Depression’s Psychological and Social Impact......Page 799
Industrial Workers Unionize......Page 800
Black and Hispanic Americans Resist Racism and Exploitation......Page 803
A New Deal for Native Americans......Page 804
Avenues of Escape: Radio and the Movies......Page 805
The Later 1930s: Opposing Fascism; Reaffirming Traditional Values......Page 806
Streamlining and a World’s Fair: Corporate America’s Utopian Vision......Page 808
CHRONOLOGY: 1929–1940......Page 809
Conclusion......Page 811
Nationalism and the Good Neighbor......Page 813
The Rise of Aggressive States in Europe and Asia......Page 814
The Gathering Storm: 1938–1939......Page 815
The European War......Page 816
From Isolation to Intervention......Page 818
Pearl Harbor and the Coming of War......Page 819
America Mobilizes for War......Page 820
Organizing for Victory......Page 821
The War Economy......Page 822
“A Wizard War”......Page 824
Propaganda and Politics......Page 825
LIBERATING EUROPE......Page 826
War in the Pacific......Page 828
The Grand Alliance......Page 829
The GIs’ War......Page 831
The Home Front......Page 832
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Women War Workers of Color......Page 834
Racism and New Opportunities......Page 836
War and Diversity......Page 838
The Internment of Japanese-Americans......Page 840
The Yalta Conference......Page 841
Victory in Europe......Page 842
The Holocaust......Page 843
The Atomic Bombs......Page 844
CHRONOLOGY: 1931–1945......Page 847
Conclusion......Page 848
Polarization and Cold War......Page 850
The Iron Curtain Descends......Page 851
Containing Communism......Page 852
Confrontation in Germany......Page 854
The Cold War in Asia......Page 856
The Korean War, 1950–1953......Page 857
The Truman Administraton at home, 1945-1952......Page 860
TRUMAN’S DOMESTIC PROGRAM......Page 861
The Eightieth Congress, 1947–1948......Page 862
The Politics of Anticommunism......Page 863
The Anticommunist Crusade......Page 864
McCarthyism......Page 865
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Remembering the Hollywood Blacklist......Page 866
The Election of 1952......Page 868
The Downfall of Joseph McCarthy......Page 869
\"Modern Republicanism”......Page 870
Ike and Dulles......Page 871
CIA Covert Actions......Page 872
Troubles in the Third World......Page 873
CHRONOLOGY: 1945–1960......Page 874
Conclusion......Page 875
Demobilization and Reconversion......Page 877
The GI Bill of Rights......Page 878
The Economic Boom Begins......Page 879
The New Industrial Society......Page 880
The Age of Computers......Page 882
The Costs of Bigness......Page 883
Blue-Collar Blues......Page 884
Suburban America......Page 885
Consensus and Conservatism......Page 886
Togetherness, the Baby Boom, and Domesticity......Page 887
TECHNOLOGY & CULTURE: The Interstate Highway System......Page 888
Postwar Culture......Page 891
The Television Culture......Page 892
Seeds of Disquiet......Page 893
A Different Beat......Page 894
Portents of Change......Page 895
Poverty and Urban Blight......Page 896
Latinos and Latinas......Page 897
The Politics of Race......Page 899
Jim Crow in Court......Page 900
Mass Protest in Montgomery......Page 901
New Tactics for a New Decade......Page 903
CHRONOLOGY: 1952–1961......Page 904
Conclusion......Page 905
A New Beginning......Page 907
Kennedy’s Domestic Record......Page 908
Cold War Activism......Page 909
To the Brink of Nuclear War......Page 910
The Thousand-Day Presidency......Page 911
The African-American Revolution......Page 912
The March on Washington, 1963......Page 913
Civil Rights at High Tide......Page 914
Fire in the Streets......Page 915
“Black Power”......Page 917
The Struggle Goes On......Page 918
Native-American Activism......Page 919
Hispanic-Americans Organize......Page 920
LIberalism Ascendant, 1968-1968......Page 922
Johnson Takes Over......Page 923
The 1964 Election......Page 924
The Liberalism of the Warren Court......Page 925
Origins and Causes......Page 926
Kennedy and Vietnam......Page 927
Lyndon Johnson’s Endless War......Page 928
The Tet Offensive and a Shaken President......Page 931
Nixon’s War......Page 932
America’s Longest War Ends......Page 933
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Images of Vietnam......Page 934
CHRONOLOGY: 1960–1975......Page 936
Conclusion......Page 937
Coming Apart......Page 939
From Protest to Resistance......Page 940
Kent State and Jackson State......Page 942
The Countercultural Reblellion......Page 943
Musical Revolution......Page 944
The Sexual Revolution......Page 945
A Second Feminist Wave......Page 946
Women’s Liberation......Page 947
Gay Liberation......Page 949
Environmental Activism......Page 950
The “Me Decade”......Page 951
Assassinations and Turmoil......Page 952
Conservative Resurgence......Page 954
A Matter of Character......Page 955
A Troubled Economy......Page 956
Law and Order......Page 957
The Southern Strategy......Page 958
Détente......Page 959
The Electionof 1972......Page 960
The Watergate Upheaval......Page 961
A President Disgraced......Page 962
Panic at the Pump......Page 963
Jimmy Carter, Outsider......Page 965
The Middle East and Iran......Page 967
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Carter and Stockman on Energy......Page 968
CHRONOLOGY: 1964–1974......Page 970
Conclusion......Page 971
Conservative Cultural Trends in the 1970s......Page 972
Conservatism Triumphant: The 1980 Election......Page 974
Enacting the Conservative Domestic Agenda......Page 975
The Cold War Heats Up......Page 977
The Iran-Contra Scandal and a Thaw in U.S.-Soviet Relations......Page 981
Conflict and Terrorism in the Middle East and Beyond......Page 982
The Cold War Ends; Global Challenges Persist......Page 984
The Persian Gulf War, 1991......Page 985
Troubles at Home: Economic Woes, Racial Tensions, Environmental Threats......Page 986
Domestic and Issues at Century’s End......Page 990
Trade, Gay Rights, Health Care: Clinton’s Mixed Record......Page 991
Conservative Resurgence and Welfare Reform: 1994–1996......Page 993
GOING TO THE SOURCE: Al Gore Reflects on Our Relation to Nature......Page 994
A Pandora’s Box of Dangers in a Post–Cold War World......Page 996
Terrorism: “The War of the Future”......Page 997
Defining America’s Role amid Global Changes......Page 998
Moderation, White House Scandal, and a Disputed Election, 1996-2000......Page 999
A Media FieldDay as Scandal Grips the White House......Page 1000
2000: Divided Nation, Disputed Election......Page 1001
An Uneven Prosperity......Page 1003
Affluence and a Search for Heroes......Page 1005
The AIDS Epidemic Rages On; Outbursts of Violence Stir Concern......Page 1007
Culture Wars: A Broader View......Page 1008
CHRONOLOGY: 1980–2000......Page 1009
Conclusion......Page 1010
A New Administration, a Day of Horror......Page 1012
Confronting al Qaeda in Afghanistan......Page 1013
Tightening Home-Front Security......Page 1015
War in Iraq, 2003–2004......Page 1016
Economic Reverses and Corporate Scandals......Page 1019
The Republican Domestic Agenda......Page 1020
Campaign Finance Reform and the 2004 Election......Page 1022
The Continuing Struggle in Iraq......Page 1023
Sagging Support at Home......Page 1024
The Bush Administration and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict......Page 1026
America Confronts Growing Nuclear Threats......Page 1027
Environmental Hazards Become a Global Concern......Page 1028
An Increasingly Diverse People......Page 1029
BEYOND AMERICA GLOBAL INTERACTIONS: Global Warming as a Worldwide Challenge......Page 1030
Upward Mobility and Social Problems in a Multiethnic Society......Page 1033
The “New Economy” and the Old Economy......Page 1034
Mixed Record, Mounting Deficits, and Disaster in New Orleans......Page 1036
Extending Republican Influence: From the Supreme Court to K Street......Page 1039
A Shifting Political Landscape: The 2006 Election and Beyond......Page 1040
Recession Strikes the U.S. and World Economies......Page 1042
A New Beginning and an Enduring Spirit......Page 1044
CHRONOLOGY: 2001–2009......Page 1048
Conclusion......Page 1049
Appendix A: THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE......Page 1051
Appendix B: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA......Page 1054
Index......Page 1071