The Emperor Theophilos and the East, 829–842: Court and Frontier in Byzantium during the Last Phase of Iconoclasm: 13 (Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies)

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Maps and Figures
Preface
Introduction
Section I: Prolegomena to a Reign: Internal Conflict
in the Empire under Leo V and Michael II
	1 Back to Iconoclasm!
		1.1 Leo’s Seizure of Power and the Re-establishment of Iconoclasm
		1.2 Iconoclasm in Anatolia
		1.3 Thomas’ Icon Worship, and the Melkite Patriarch of Antioch
		1.4 The Iconoclasm of the Amorians
	2 Unrest at the Eastern Border
		2.1 The Tourmarchai of the Phoideratoi
		2.2 The Outbreak of the War at the East
		2.3 An Army of Barbarians?
		2.4 Fracture in the Empire
Section II: The Armenian Court
	3 Family Ties: Leo the Armenian and Michael of Amorion
		3.1 The Empress Thekla and the Family of Bardanes the Turk
		3.2 Michael’s Conspiracy Against Leo
		3.3 The Execution of Leo’s Murderers
	4 Parties at the Court: The Armenian Marriage of Theophilos
		4.1 Dating the Marriage
		4.2 Theodora’s Family
		4.3 John the Grammarian: Relatives and Influence
	5 The Elusive Manuel the Armenian
		5.1 Why Amalekites?
		5.2 Manuel’s Service Under Michael I, Leo and Michael II
		5.3 Dating Manuel’s Exile (I)
		5.4 The Akrites Manuel
		5.5 Dating Manuel’s Exile (II)
	6 The Daughter of Constantine VI and her Stepson
		6.1 Marrying a Nun to Obtain Legitimacy
		6.2 Euphrosyne’s Banishment from the Palace and the Return of
the “Armenian Party”
	7 The Armenian Family Network
		7.1 Theophilos’ Armenian Relatives
		7.2 Kaisar Alexios Mousele: His Career and Imperial Ambitions
	8 Opposition to the Emperor
		8.1 Checking Aristocratic Resistance
		8.2 Manuel and Theophobos: Rivals or Targets of the “Romans”?
Section III: Supporting the Persian Uprising against
the Abbasids
	9 Some Remarks on the Khurramite Movement
	10 Naṣr the Khurramite
		10.1 The Literary Sources
		10.2 The Tourmarches of the Phoideratoi and the Persian Tourma
	11 Theophobos and his Father
		11.1 Birth and Courtly Upbringing of a Noble Persian Youth
		11.2 The Identity of Theophobos’ Father
		11.3 Theophobos Patrician and Kaisar and his Marriage to
Theophilos’ Family
		11.4 Theophobos Exousiastes of the Persians
	12 A Persian Basileus?
		12.1 Dating the Uprising of the Persians
		12.2 Whose Usurpation Came First?
Section IV: Warfare Against the Arabs
	13 Invasion or Civil War? Thomas the Slav and the Arabs
		13.1 Thomas’ Stay in the Caliphate and the Two Thomases
		13.2 Arab Troops in Thomas’ Army
		13.3 The Arab Conquest of Crete
		13.4 The Strategy of the Caliph
	14 Campaigning in Cilicia and Cappadocia in 830–833
		14.1 Ma’mūn’s invasion of Cappadocia in 830
		14.2 Theophilos’ First Triumph and his Campaign in Cilicia in 831
		14.3 The Dating of Ma’mūn’s Second Campaign in Cappadocia
		14.4 The Fortress of Loulon
		14.5 Exchange of Letters Between the Emperor and the Caliph,
and Ma’mūn’s Stay in Egypt
		14.6 Some Conclusions on the Chronology of the Campaigns
of 831–832
		14.7 Ma’mūn’s Third Campaign in Cappadocia in 833
	15 Byzantine Expeditions in Western Armenia Between 834 and 836
		15.1 Stephen of Taron on the Campaigns of Theophilos
		15.2 The Abasgian Campaign and the Iberian Bagratids
		15.3 The Armenian Bagratids
		15.4 A Tentative Chronology for the Campaigns of the Years
834–837
		15.5 The Supposed Attack of the Melitenians in 835
	16 The Second Triumph of Theophilos in 837
		16.1 Michael the Syrian on the Campaign of 837
		16.2 Armenian Chroniclers on the Campaign of 837
	17 Theophilos’ Defeat at Anzes and the Capture of Amorion in 838
		17.1 A Retaliatory Campaign for the Plundering of Sozopetra?
		17.2 The Route Towards Amorion
		17.3 The Treachery
		17.4 Theophilos’ Offer of Peace
		17.5 An Assessment of the Amorion Campaign
	18 After Amorion: Theophilos’ Last Years
		18.1 The Conspiracy of ‘Abbās
		18.2 Diplomacy in the West …
		18.3 … and War in the East
Section V: The Khazar Flank
	19 The Embassy to the Khazars and the Building of Sarkel
		19.1 The Dating of the Embassy of Petronas Kamateros (I)
		19.2 Against Whom was Sarkel Built?
		19.3 The Thema of the Klimata and the Province of Gotthia
	20 Rus, Slavs and Bulgars in the Steppes
		20.1 The Embassy of the Rus and the Dating of the Embassy of
Petronas Kamateros (II)
		20.2 When did the Khazars Convert to Judaism?
		20.3 The Alliance of Theophilos with Bulgars and Slavs
Section VI: The Melkites
	21 The Letter of the Three Melkite Patriarchs to Theophilos
		21.1 An Interpolated Text
		21.2 Patchwork in the Letter’s Title and Protocol
		21.3 The Jerusalemite Synod of the Melkites
		21.4 The Unmentioned Icons in the Original Core of the Letter
		21.5 The Closing of the Letter
		21.6 Wishing Victory on the Emperor
		21.7 The Melkite Patriarchs after 843
		21.8 Where and by Whom was the Forgery Made?
	22 Apocalyptics and Expectations of Political Change in the Realm
of the Abbasids
Section VII: Cultural Exchange with the Arabs
	23 Some Preliminary Matters
	24 A Bidirectional Exchange?
		24.1 Byzantine Cultural Influence in the East
		24.2 The Road to Baghdad
Epilogue The Image of Theophilos as a Ruler
A Chronology of Theophilos’ Reign
Abbreviations
Sources
Bibliography
Index of Names and Places