The Effects of UV Radiation in the Marine Environment (Cambridge Environmental Chemistry Series)

Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
1.1 Introduction......Page 12
1.2 The solar spectrum and the nature of light......Page 14
1.3 Attenuation of solar energy......Page 15
1.4 Effect of light on biomolecules and processes......Page 32
1.5 Summary......Page 41
References......Page 42
2.1 Atmospheric UV radiation......Page 46
2.2 Hydrologic optics......Page 69
References......Page 76
3.1 Introduction......Page 83
3.2 Action spectra......Page 84
3.3 Biological weighting functions......Page 89
3.4 Relating response to exposure......Page 91
3.5 Marine biological weighting functions......Page 95
3.6 Biological weighting function methodology......Page 98
3.7 Comprehensive models of UV effects......Page 104
3.8 Predicting the effects of ozone depletion......Page 106
3.9 Summary......Page 107
References......Page 108
4.1 Introduction......Page 112
4.2 Photochemistry of dissolved organic matter......Page 114
4.3 Impact of photochemical reactions on marine processes......Page 119
4.4 Impact of photochemistry on oceanic carbon cycling......Page 123
Acknowledgements......Page 129
References......Page 130
5.1 Introduction......Page 141
5.2 Photochemical sources of biological substrates......Page 142
5.3 Summary......Page 154
References......Page 155
6.1 Introduction......Page 160
6.2 Direct effects......Page 161
6.3 Indirect effects......Page 176
6.4 General issues......Page 179
References......Page 182
7.2 UV avoidance mechanisms......Page 188
7.3 Reduction of effective UV radiation......Page 191
7.4 Repair of UV-induced damages......Page 197
7.5 Acclimation to changes in the UV light .eld......Page 205
7.6 Summary and perspectives......Page 207
References......Page 208
8.1 Introduction......Page 217
8.2 Early studies......Page 218
8.3 Solar UVR effects on bacterioplankton production......Page 220
8.4 UVR effects on microbial biogeochemical cycles......Page 225
8.5 Effects of UVR on nucleic acids......Page 226
8.6 DNA damage repair......Page 229
8.7 In.uence of UV radiation on viruses – destruction rates of particles and infectivity......Page 234
8.8 Virus repair processes......Page 236
8.9 DNA damage in the natural viral community......Page 237
8.10 Induction of lysogens by UV radiation in marine systems......Page 239
8.11 Summary......Page 240
References......Page 241
9.1 Introduction......Page 248
9.2 Effects of UV radiation on phytoplankton processes......Page 249
9.3 Ecological considerations......Page 273
9.4 Summary......Page 279
References......Page 280
10.1 Introduction......Page 290
10.2 Effects and responses to UV radiation in zooplankton and .sh......Page 291
10.3 The pelagic environment......Page 305
10.4 Diel patterns of vertical distribution......Page 309
10.5 Statistical issues......Page 310
10.6 Concluding remarks......Page 311
References......Page 312
11.1 Introduction......Page 321
11.4 UV-B and the carbon .ux......Page 328
References......Page 329
Index......Page 332