The Economic Geography of the Tourist Industry: A Supply-Side Analysis

BOOK COVER......Page 1
DEDICATION......Page 2
TITLE......Page 3
COPYRIGHT......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
ILLUSTRATIONS......Page 7
TABLES......Page 9
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS......Page 11
FOREWORD......Page 15
PREFACE......Page 17
Background......Page 20
Geographic research in travel and tourism......Page 22
The silence of economic geographers......Page 23
Reasons behind the silence......Page 24
The economic geography of tourism: towards a  specialist approach......Page 25
The book’s structure and themes......Page 28
Part A CONCEPTUAL AND DEFINITIONAL ISSUES: BARRIERS TO THEORY......Page 34
The tourism sector: an invisible industry?......Page 36
Services definition and classification......Page 38
The tourism-tourist-travel conundrum......Page 40
Economic base theory: theoretical challenges for the tourist industry......Page 45
Conclusion......Page 49
Conceptualizing the supply-side of tourism......Page 50
Towards a new view of tourism......Page 54
Key definitions......Page 55
Structure of a tourism satellite account (TSA)......Page 58
An empirical example......Page 62
Limitations and challenges of TSAs......Page 65
Closing observations......Page 68
Tourism geography and the economic geography of tourism......Page 72
Tourism and the logic of industrial classification......Page 74
NAFTA and SIC codes—the NAICS......Page 79
Using SIC codes to understand changes in the tourism production system......Page 84
Summary, conclusions, and the future......Page 91
Part B THE DEMAND-SIDE......Page 96
Spatial interaction between demand and supply......Page 98
Measures of demand for tourism......Page 103
Tourism demand determinants......Page 105
Price......Page 107
Exchange rate......Page 108
Supply factors......Page 109
Concluding comments......Page 110
Notes......Page 112
Part C NEO-FORDISM AND FLEXIBILITY: A SECTORAL APPROACH......Page 114
Introduction......Page 116
Flexible production......Page 118
The travel industry polyglot......Page 123
Labor characteristics......Page 125
The role of information technology......Page 126
Fordist travel industry......Page 127
Industrial concentration and globalization......Page 128
Product differentiation and brand super-segmentation......Page 130
Information technologies......Page 131
‘Neo-Fordist’ travel industry?......Page 132
Outsourcing......Page 133
Strategic network alliances......Page 135
Conclusions......Page 136
Notes......Page 138
Introduction......Page 140
Computer reservation systems—a review......Page 141
Hotel CRS......Page 143
Regional reservation systems......Page 144
The implications of CRS development......Page 145
CRS and corporate competitiveness......Page 146
Flexibility and small/local firms......Page 147
Alliance formation and networking......Page 149
Labour impacts......Page 150
Destinations and sustainable development......Page 151
The future of CRS?......Page 152
Conclusions......Page 153
Acknowledgements......Page 155
Introduction......Page 156
Evolution of the package tour industry......Page 158
Choosing new products and/or destinations......Page 160
Marketing the inclusive tour package......Page 163
Interaction of tour operators with receiving area  government/institutions......Page 164
Market concentration in the tour-operating industry......Page 165
General findings......Page 168
Reliance on technology......Page 171
Challenges facing the tour-operating industry......Page 172
Conclusions: implications for destination areas......Page 173
Notes......Page 175
Travel and tourism—the big picture......Page 176
Air travel and tourism......Page 177
The liberalization of aviation regulation......Page 181
The objectives of tourism policy......Page 184
The costs of protectionist aviation policies......Page 185
Liberalization successes......Page 187
Continuing protectionism......Page 188
Charter bans......Page 189
Continuing debates about aviation and tourism policies......Page 191
Air services and tourism planning......Page 194
Introduction......Page 196
The importance of the hotel industry......Page 198
The evolving competitive environment......Page 199
Consumer demand......Page 200
Market saturation and ownership concentration......Page 201
The labour dimension......Page 202
Technology, sub-contracting and lay-offs......Page 203
Labour flexibility......Page 205
Unionization......Page 206
Product development and computer reservation systems......Page 207
Alliances and networking......Page 208
Conclusions......Page 210
Acknowledgments......Page 212
Part D GLOBAL-LOCAL NEXUS: PLACE COMMODIFICATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND LABOR......Page 214
The nature of the state......Page 216
Coordination......Page 217
Tourism and the institutions of the state......Page 218
Tourism and the local state......Page 225
Conclusions......Page 234
Acknowledgments......Page 236
Introduction......Page 238
Tourism’s absence......Page 239
Tourism’s ascendance......Page 242
Tourism’s new status......Page 247
Conclusions......Page 251
Introduction......Page 254
The concept of entrepreneurship in tourism studies......Page 255
Entrepreneurial processes in developing economies......Page 257
Entrepreneurship and the small business culture—findings from British resorts......Page 265
Conclusion......Page 272
The Third Italy......Page 276
The tourism labor market......Page 280
Tourism in the Province of Rimini......Page 283
The tourism labor market in the Province of Rimini:  data and analysis......Page 285
Discussion and conclusion......Page 289
Acknowledgments......Page 290
Part E CYCLES AND INNOVATIONS......Page 292
Boom-bust cycles and tourism......Page 294
Tourist area life-cycle model......Page 295
Supply systems......Page 297
Tourism’s life cycles and broader economic cycles......Page 298
Economic cycles in the lodging industry......Page 300
Innovation and discontinuity......Page 303
Conclusion......Page 304
Part F SYNTHESIS AND NEW DIRECTIONS......Page 306
The machinery of tourist production......Page 308
New research opportunities......Page 311
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 314
INDEX......Page 344