The dark matter problem : a historical perspective

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 9
1 Introduction......Page 11
2.1 Prehistory......Page 21
2.2 Zwicky and the modern concept of dark matter......Page 22
2.3 Dark matter on galaxy scales......Page 25
2.4 Radio astronomy: a new tool for galactic astronomy......Page 30
2.5 Finzi sums it up......Page 33
3.1 Building disk galaxies: too hot to be real......Page 36
3.2 Dark halos to the rescue......Page 40
3.3 Larger implications......Page 44
4.1 Radio telescopes: single-dish and interferometers......Page 48
4.2 Early results of single-dish neutral hydrogen observations......Page 54
4.3 Early observations of spiral galaxies with radio interferometers......Page 58
4.4 Flat rotation curves: perception approaches reality......Page 61
5.1 Reaction follows revolution......Page 67
5.2 The anomaly exists beyond the visible disk......Page 72
5.3 Low-surface-brightness galaxies and sub-maximal disks......Page 75
5.4 Reflections on observations of rotation curves......Page 77
6.1 A brief history of modern cosmological models......Page 79
6.2 Structure formation: dark matter again to the rescue......Page 82
6.3 Some like it hot, most like it cold, all like it in the pot 10 billion years old......Page 86
6.4 What is the matter?......Page 90
6.5 A new paradigm: standard CDM......Page 94
7.1 The reality of the cluster discrepancy......Page 97
7.2 Hot gas in clusters of galaxies......Page 98
7.3 Gravitational lensing: a new method for probing cluster mass distribution......Page 103
7.4 The Bullet......Page 108
8.1 What do rotation curves require of dark matter?......Page 111
8.2 Global scaling relations......Page 115
8.3 Structure formation in a CDM universe......Page 116
8.4 The mass distribution in CDM dark halos......Page 119
8.5 Substructure in CDM halos......Page 123
8.6 The Tully–Fisher law......Page 125
8.7 Can CDM be falsified by galaxy phenomenology?......Page 127
9.1 The accelerated expansion of the Universe......Page 129
9.2 COBE finds the primordial fluctuations......Page 134
9.3 What do we see in the CMB?......Page 135
9.4 Boomerang to WMAP: the age of precision cosmology......Page 137
9.5 Reflections......Page 140
10.1 Naive modifications of Newtonian attraction......Page 142
10.2 MOND......Page 143
10.3 MOND and hot galaxies......Page 148
10.4 MOND and rotation curves......Page 150
10.5 The problem of clusters......Page 153
10.6 Relativistic MOND: TeVeS......Page 154
10.7 Summing up: MOND vs. dark matter......Page 157
11.1 Non-gravitational detection of dark matter......Page 160
11.2 The practice of direct detection......Page 162
11.3 Indirect detection of dark matter......Page 169
11.4 Light on dark matter: the story so far......Page 175
12 Reflections: a personal point of view......Page 176
A1 Electromagnetic radiation......Page 183
A2 Distance in astronomy......Page 186
A3 Galaxies......Page 187
A4 Weighing galaxies and clusters......Page 190
A5 Cosmology......Page 193
A6 Radiation and the thermal history of the Universe......Page 196
A7 Non-baryonic matter and dark energy......Page 200
A8 Gravitational instability and the growth of structure......Page 202
References......Page 205
Index......Page 212