The Context of Scripture

HOW TO GO TO YOUR PAGE......Page 2
VOLUME I – Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 14
Abbreviations and Symbols......Page 15
List of Contributors......Page 23
Introduction: Ancient Near Eastern Texts and their Relevance for Biblical Exegesis......Page 25
EGYPTIAN CANONICAL COMPOSITIONS......Page 31
DIVINE FOCUS......Page 33
From the “Book of Nut” (1.1)......Page 35
From Coffin Texts Spell 714 (1.2)......Page 36
From Pyramid Texts Spell 600 (1.4)......Page 37
From Coffin Texts Spell 75 (1.5)......Page 38
From Coffin Texts Spell 76 (1.6)......Page 40
From Coffin Texts Spell 80 (1.8)......Page 41
From Papyrus Bremner-Rhind (1.9)......Page 44
From Coffin Texts Spell 335 = Book of the Dead Spell 17 (1.10)......Page 45
Coffin Texts Spell 261 (1.11)......Page 47
From Coffin Texts Spell 647 (1.12)......Page 48
From the Berlin “Hymn to Ptah” (1.14)......Page 50
From the “Memphite Theology” (1.15)......Page 51
From Papyrus Leiden I 350 (1.16)......Page 53
From Coffin Texts Spell 1130 (1.17)......Page 56
Book of the Dead 175 (1.18)......Page 57
Coffin Text 157 (1.19)......Page 60
Book of the Dead 112 (1.20)......Page 61
The Repulsing of the Dragon (1.21)......Page 62
The Legend of Isis and the Name of Re (1.22)......Page 63
The Legend of Astarte and the Tribute of the Sea (1.23)......Page 65
The Destruction of Mankind (1.24)......Page 66
The Great Cairo Hymn of Praise to Amun-Re (1.25)......Page 67
The Great Hymn to Osiris (1.26)......Page 71
Two Hymns to the Sun-god (1.27)......Page 73
The Great Hymn to the Aten (1.28)......Page 74
Prayer to Re-Harakhti (1.29)......Page 77
The Song from the Tomb of King Intef (1.30)......Page 78
The Song from the Tomb of Neferhotep (1.31)......Page 79
Execration Texts (1.32)......Page 80
Dream Oracles (1.33)......Page 82
Daily Ritual of the Temple of Amun-Re at Karnak (1.34)......Page 85
ROYAL FOCUS......Page 89
Merikare (1.35)......Page 91
Amenemhet (1.36)......Page 96
King Lists (1.37)......Page 98
2. Abydos List (1.37B)......Page 99
3. Sakkara King List (SL) (1.37C)......Page 100
4. Turin Canon (1.37D)......Page 101
INDIVIDUAL FOCUS......Page 105
Sinuhe (1.38)......Page 107
The Shipwrecked Sailor (1.39)......Page 113
The Two Brothers (1.40)......Page 115
The Report of Wenamun (1.41)......Page 119
The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage: the Admonitions of Ipuwer (1.42)......Page 123
The Eloquent Peasant (1.43)......Page 128
The Complaints of Khakheperrē-Sonb (1.44)......Page 134
The Prophecies of Neferti (1.45)......Page 136
Instruction of Any (1.46)......Page 140
Instruction of Amenemope (1.47)......Page 145
Dua-khety or the Satire on the Trades (1.48)......Page 152
4. LOVE POEMS......Page 155
Papyrus Harris 500 (1.49)......Page 156
Cairo Love Songs (1.50)......Page 157
Papyrus Chester Beatty I (1.51)......Page 158
The Famine Stela (1.53)......Page 160
The Legend of the Possessed Princess (“Bentresh Stela”) (1.54)......Page 164
EGYPTIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 167
HITTITE CANONICAL COMPOSITIONS......Page 175
DIVINE FOCUS......Page 177
Elkunirša and Ašertu (1.55)......Page 179
The Storm-god and the Serpent (Illuyanka) (1.56)......Page 180
The Wrath of Telipinu (1.57)......Page 181
Appu and his Two Sons (1.58)......Page 183
The Sun God and the Cow (1.59)......Page 185
Plague Prayers of Muršili II (1.60)......Page 186
The “Ritual Between the Pieces” (1.61)......Page 190
Puliša’s Ritual Against Plague (1.62)......Page 191
Zarpiya’s Ritual (1.64)......Page 192
Ritual and Prayer to Ishtar of Nineveh (1.65)......Page 194
The First Soldiers’ Oath (1.66)......Page 195
The Second Soldiers’ Oath (1.67)......Page 197
Purifying a House: a Ritual for the Infernal Deities (1.68)......Page 198
The Storm God at Lihzina (1.69)......Page 202
Establishing a New Temple for the Goddess of the Night (1.70)......Page 203
ROYAL FOCUS......Page 209
The Queen of Kanesh and the Tale of Zalpa (1.71)......Page 211
Proclamation of Anitta of Kuššar (1.72)......Page 212
Crossing of the Taurus (1.73)......Page 214
Deeds of Šuppiluliuma (1.74)......Page 215
The Hittite Conquest of Cyprus: Two Inscriptions of Suppiluliuma II (1.75)......Page 222
The Proclamation of Telipinu (1.76)......Page 224
Apology of Hattušili III (1.77)......Page 229
Excerpt from an Oracle Report (1.78)......Page 234
Assuring the Safety of the King during the Winter (1.79)......Page 237
INDIVIDUAL FOCUS......Page 243
Fragment of a Wisdom Text(?) (1.81)......Page 245
Excerpt from the Hurro-Hittite Bilingual Wisdom Text (1.82)......Page 246
Instructions to Priests and Temple Officials (1.83)......Page 247
Instructions to Commanders of Border Garrisons (1.84)......Page 251
Instructions to the Royal Guard (1.85)......Page 255
HITTITE BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 261
WEST SEMITIC CANONICAL COMPOSITIONS......Page 267
DIVINE FOCUS......Page 269
The Balu Myth (1.86)......Page 271
Dawn and Dusk (1.87)......Page 304
Ugaritic Prayer for a City Under Siege (1.88)......Page 313
The Prayer of Nabonidus (4QPrNab) (1.89)......Page 315
Ugaritic Birth Omens (1.90)......Page 317
Ugaritic Lunar Omens (1.91)......Page 320
Ugaritic Extispicy (1.92)......Page 321
Ugaritic Dream Omens (1.93)......Page 323
Ugaritic Liturgy Against Venomous Reptiles (1.94)......Page 325
Ugaritic Rites for the Vintage (KTU 1.41//1.87) (1.95)......Page 329
Ugaritic Incantation Against Sorcery (1.96)......Page 331
Ilu on a Toot (1.97)......Page 332
A Punic Sacrificial Tariff (1.98)......Page 335
The Aramaic Text in Demotic Script (1.99)......Page 339
A Ugaritic Incantation Against Serpents and Sorcerers (1.100)......Page 357
The London Medical Papyrus (1.101)......Page 358
ROYAL FOCUS......Page 361
The Kirta Epic (1.102)......Page 363
The Aqhatu Legend (1.103)......Page 373
Ugaritic King List (1.104)......Page 386
The Patrons of the Ugaritic Dynasty (KTU 1.161) (1.105)......Page 387
INDIVIDUAL FOCUS......Page 389
Hippiatric Texts (1.106)......Page 391
Abecedaries (1.107)......Page 392
WEST SEMITIC BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 397
AKKADIAN CANONICAL COMPOSITIONS......Page 407
DIVINE FOCUS......Page 409
The Descent of Ishtar to the Underworld (1.108)......Page 411
Nergal and Ereshkigal (1.109)......Page 414
Nergal and Ereshkigal (Amarna Version) (1.110)......Page 419
Epic of Creation (1.111)......Page 420
The Theogony of Dunnu (1.112)......Page 432
Erra and Ishum (1.113)......Page 434
Prayer to Marduk (1.114)......Page 446
Diurnal Prayers of Diviners (1.116)......Page 447
The Shamash Hymn (1.117)......Page 448
A Neo-BabyIonian Lament for Tammuz (1.118)......Page 449
An Assyrian Elegy (1.119)......Page 450
4. DIVINATION......Page 451
Mesopotamian Omens (1.120)......Page 453
Old Babylonian Incantation Against Cattle Disease (1.121)......Page 456
The Installation of the Storm God’s High Priestess (1.122)......Page 457
The Zukru Festival (1.123)......Page 461
Six Months of Ritual Supervision by the Diviner (1.124)......Page 466
Two Months Joined by the Underworld, with Barring and Opening of Doors (1.125)......Page 469
Two Kissu Festivals (1.126)......Page 472
A Psephomancy Ritual from Assur (1.127)......Page 474
Love Lyrics of Nabu and Tashmetu (1.128)......Page 475
ROYAL FOCUS......Page 477
The Adapa Story (1.129)......Page 479
Atra-Hasis (1.130)......Page 480
Etana (1.131)......Page 483
Gilgamesh (1.132)......Page 488
Babylonian King Lists (1.134)......Page 491
Assyrian King Lists (1.135)......Page 493
Assyrian Eponym Canon (1.136)......Page 495
Babylonian Chronicle (1.137)......Page 497
The Weidner Chronicle (1.138)......Page 498
A Hymn Celebrating Assurnasirpal II’s Campaigns to the West (1.139)......Page 500
A Hymn to Nanaya with a Blessing for Sargon II (1.141)......Page 502
Assurbanipal’s Coronation Hymn (1.142)......Page 503
An Assurbanipal Hymn for Shamash (1.143)......Page 504
Dialogue between Assurbanipal and Nabu (1.145)......Page 505
A Late Piece of Constructed Mythology Relevant to the Neo-Assyrian and Middle Assyrian Coronation Hymn and Prayer (1.146)......Page 506
The Adad-guppi Autobiography (1.147)......Page 507
The Autobiography of Idrimi (1.148)......Page 509
The Marduk Prophecy (1.149)......Page 510
The Dynastic Prophecy (1.150)......Page 511
INDIVIDUAL FOCUS......Page 513
Dialogue between a Man and his God (1.151)......Page 515
The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer (1.153)......Page 516
The Babylonian Theodicy (1.154)......Page 522
Dialogue of Pessimism or the Obliging Slave (1.155)......Page 525
“At the Cleaners” (1.156)......Page 527
AKKADIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 529
SUMERIAN CANONICAL COMPOSITIONS......Page 537
DIVINE FOCUS......Page 539
The Song of the Hoe (1.157)......Page 541
The Eridu Genesis (1.158)......Page 543
Enki and Ninmah (1.159)......Page 546
The Exaltation of Inanna (1.160)......Page 548
Inanna and Enki (1.161)......Page 552
To Nanshe (1.162)......Page 556
The Blessing of Nisaba by Enki (1.163)......Page 561
Letter-Prayer of King Sin-Iddinam to Nin-Isina (1.164)......Page 562
Letter-Prayer of King Sin-Iddinam to Utu (1.165)......Page 564
Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur (1.166)......Page 565
From “Evil Spirits” (1.168)......Page 569
The Women’s Oath (1.169A)......Page 570
Bridegroom, Spend the Night in our House Till Dawn (1.169B)......Page 571
Love by the Light of the Moon (1.169C)......Page 572
ROYAL FOCUS......Page 575
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (1.170)......Page 577
Gilgamesh and Akka (1.171)......Page 580
The Birth of Shulgi in the Temple of Nippur (1.172)......Page 582
The Sacred Marriage of Iddin-Dagan and Inanna (1.173)......Page 584
INDIVIDUAL FOCUS......Page 591
Sumerian Proverb Collection 3 (1.174)......Page 593
Proverbs Quoted in Other Genres (1.175)......Page 598
Shuruppak (1.176)......Page 599
Ur-Ninurta (1.177)......Page 600
The Heron and the Turtle (1.178)......Page 601
“Man and his God” (1.179)......Page 603
The Disputation Between Ewe and Wheat (1.180)......Page 605
The Disputation Between the Hoe and the Plow (1.181)......Page 608
The Disputation Between Bird and Fish (1.182)......Page 611
The Disputation Between Summer and Winter (1.183)......Page 614
6. SCHOOL DIALOGUES......Page 618
The Dialogue Between Two Scribes (1.184)......Page 619
The Dialogue Between a Supervisor and a Scribe (1.185)......Page 620
The Dialogue Between an Examiner and a Student (1.186)......Page 622
SUMERIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 625
VOLUME II – Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World......Page 632
Contents......Page 634
Preface......Page 642
Acknowledgements......Page 643
Abbreviations and Symbols......Page 644
List of Contributors......Page 648
Introduction: The Bible and the Monuments......Page 650
EGYPTIAN MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 656
ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 658
The Tomb Biography of Ahmose of Nekheb (2.1)......Page 660
The Annals of Thutmose III (2.2A)......Page 662
The Gebel Barkal Stela of Thutmose III (2.2B)......Page 669
The Armant Stela of Thutmose III (2.2C)......Page 673
The Memphis and Karnak Stelae of Amenhotep II (2.3)......Page 674
Karnak, Campaign from Sile to Pa-Canaan, Year 1 (2.4A)......Page 678
First Beth-Shan Stela, Year 1 (2.4B)......Page 680
Karnak, Campaign to Yenoam and Lebanon (Year 1 or Later) (2.4C)......Page 681
Second Beth-Shan Stela, Year Lost (2.4D)......Page 682
Karnak, Campaign Against the Hittites (Undated) (2.4E)......Page 683
Karnak, Campaign Against the Libyans (Undated) (2.4F)......Page 685
Karnak, Campaign Against Qadesh and Amurru (Undated) (2.4G)......Page 686
The Battle of Qadesh — the Poem, or Literary Record (2.5A)......Page 687
The Battle of Qadesh — the “Bulletin” Text (2.5B)......Page 693
The (Israel) Stela of Merneptah (2.6)......Page 695
The Victory Stela of King Piye (Piankhy) (2.7)......Page 697
MORTUARY INSCRIPTIONS......Page 708
Pyramid Texts 213 and 219 (2.8)......Page 710
Coffin Text 261 (2.9)......Page 712
Coffin Text 159 (2.10)......Page 713
Book of the Dead 125 (2.12)......Page 714
Contrasting Harper Songs from the Tomb of Neferhotep (2.13)......Page 719
Hymn from the Tomb of Ay (2.14)......Page 721
EGYPTIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 724
HITTITE MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 730
ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 732
Bilingual Edict of Hattušili I (2.15)......Page 734
The Ten Year Annals of Great King Muršili II of Hatti (2.16)......Page 737
“FUNCTIONAL” INSCRIPTIONS......Page 746
Treaty Between Šuppiluliuma and Aziru (2.17A)......Page 748
Treaty Between Muršili and Duppi-Tešub (2.17B)......Page 751
Treaty Between Tudhaliya and Šaušgamuwa (2.17C)......Page 753
The Treaty of Tudhaliya IV with Kurunta of Tarhuntašša (2.18)......Page 755
Hittite Laws (2.19)......Page 761
HIEROGLYPHIC INSCRIPTIONS......Page 776
Karkamiš A2 (+3) (2.20A)......Page 778
Azatiwata (2.21)......Page 779
Maraş 4 (2.22A)......Page 781
Kululu 4 (2.22B)......Page 782
HITTITE BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 784
WEST SEMITIC MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 788
BUILDING AND MEMORIAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 790
The Inscription of King Mesha (2.23)......Page 792
The Tell Sīrān Inscription (2.25)......Page 794
The Deir Alla Plaster Inscription (2.27)......Page 795
The Siloam Tunnel Inscription (2.28)......Page 800
The Inscription of King Yahimilk (2.29)......Page 801
The Kulamuwa Inscription (2.30)......Page 802
The Azatiwada Inscription (2.31)......Page 803
The Inscription of King Yehawmilk (2.32)......Page 806
The Melqart Stela (2.33)......Page 807
Hadad-yithi (2.34)......Page 808
The Inscription of Zakkur, King of Hamath (2.35)......Page 810
The Hadad Inscription (2.36)......Page 811
The Panamuwa Inscription (2.37)......Page 813
The Bar-Rakib Inscription (2.38)......Page 815
The Tell Dan Stele (2.39)......Page 816
The Hazael Booty Inscriptions (2.40)......Page 817
The Aswan Dedicatory Inscription (2.41)......Page 818
A Nabataean Commemorative Inscription from Avdat (2.43)......Page 819
The Dedication of a Statue to the Divinised Nabataean King (2.44)......Page 820
A Nabataean Shrine Inscription from Egypt (2.46)......Page 821
VOTIVE INSCRIPTIONS......Page 824
Kuntillet Ajrud: Inscribed Pithos 2 (2.47B)......Page 826
Kuntillet Ajrud: the Two-line Inscription (2.47C)......Page 827
The Jerusalem Pomegranate (2.48)......Page 828
The Temple of the Lord Ostracon (2.50)......Page 829
Silver Bowl (Brooklyn Museum 54.50.36) (2.51A)......Page 830
Silver Bowl (Brooklyn Museum 54.50.32) (2.51C)......Page 831
MORTUARY INSCRIPTIONS......Page 832
The Khirbet Beit Lei Cave Inscriptions (2.53)......Page 834
The Royal Steward Inscription (2.54)......Page 835
The Sarcophagus Inscription of Tabnit, King of Sidon (2.56)......Page 836
The Sarcophagus Inscription of Eshmunazor, King of Sidon (2.57)......Page 837
The Tomb Inscription of Sigabbar, Priest of Sahar (2.59)......Page 839
Offering Table from the Memphis Serapeum (2.60)......Page 841
Funerary Stela (Brussels E. 4716) (2.61)......Page 842
Funerary Stela from Saqqarah (2.62)......Page 843
Funerary Stela (Carpentras) (2.64)......Page 844
Tombstone Inscription (Greco-Roman Museum 18361) (2.66)......Page 845
The Nabataean Tomb Inscription of Kamkam at Madā in Sālih (2.67)......Page 846
The Nabataean Tomb Inscription of Halafu at Madāin Sālih (2.68)......Page 847
A Nabataean Funerary Inscription from Madeba (2.69)......Page 848
SEAL AND STAMP INSCRIPTIONS......Page 850
Hebrew (2.70)......Page 852
Edomite (2.73)......Page 856
Royal Judaean Seal Impressions (2.77)......Page 857
Persian Period (2.78)......Page 858
The Seal of Aśayāhū (2.79)......Page 859
Stamps (2.80)......Page 860
WEIGHT INSCRIPTIONS......Page 862
1. HEBREW WEIGHT INSCRIPTIONS (2.81)......Page 864
“FUNCTIONAL” INSCRIPTIONS......Page 866
The Inscriptions of Bar-Gayah and Matiel from Sefire (2.82)......Page 868
MISCELLANEOUS INSCRIPTIONS......Page 874
The El Khadr Arrowheads (2.84)......Page 876
An Amulet from Arslan Tash (2.86)......Page 877
The Tel Dan Bowl (2.87)......Page 878
Inscribed Nimrad Ivories (2.88)......Page 879
WEST SEMITIC BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 880
AKKADIAN MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 894
BUILDING AND DISPLAY INSCRIPTIONS (Akkadian and Sumerian)......Page 896
Inscription of Sargon: Foundation of the Akkadian Empire (2.89)......Page 898
Inscription of Narāmsîn: Campaign Against Armānum and Ebla (2.91)......Page 899
Shu-ilishu (2.93)......Page 901
Lipit-Eshtar (2.95)......Page 902
Larsa Dynasty......Page 903
Nur-Adad (2.99B)......Page 904
Sin-iddinam (2.100)......Page 905
Warad-Sin (2.101B)......Page 906
Rim-Sin (2.102A)......Page 907
Rim-Sin (2.102D)......Page 908
Uruk......Page 909
Simurrum (2.106)......Page 910
Hammu-rapi (2.107A)......Page 911
Hammu-rapi (2.107D)......Page 912
Ammi-ditana (2.109)......Page 913
Ekallatum — Shamshi-Addu (2.110)......Page 914
Iahdun-lim (2.111)......Page 915
Kurkh Monolith (2.113A)......Page 916
Annals: Aššur Clay Tablets (2.113B)......Page 919
Annals: Calah Bulls (2.113C)......Page 921
Annals: Marble Slab (2.113D)......Page 922
Kurbail Statue (2.113E)......Page 923
Black Obelisk (2.113F)......Page 924
Aššur Basalt Statue (2.113G)......Page 925
The Die (Pūru) of Yahali (2.113I)......Page 926
Antakya Stela (2.114A)......Page 927
Orthostat Slab of Unknown Provenance (2.114C)......Page 928
Sabaa Stela (2.114E)......Page 929
Tell al Rimah Stela (2.114F)......Page 930
Calah Orthostat Slab (2.114G)......Page 931
Officials’ Inscriptions (2.115)......Page 932
Šamši-ilu — Stone Lions Inscription (2.115A)......Page 933
Ninurta-kudurrī-usur — Suhu Annals #2 (2.115B)......Page 934
Ninurta-kudurrī-usur — Suhu Annals #18 (2.115C)......Page 937
Shalmaneser IV — Pazaricik / Maraş Stela (2.116)......Page 938
The Calah Annals (2.117A)......Page 939
Summary Inscription 4 (2.117C)......Page 942
Summary Inscription 7 (2.117D)......Page 944
Summary Inscription 8 (2.117E)......Page 945
Summary Inscription 9-10 (2.117F)......Page 946
Summary Inscription 13 (2.117G)......Page 947
The Annals (2.118A)......Page 948
The Borowski Stela (2.118B)......Page 949
Nimrud Prisms D & E (2.118D)......Page 950
The Great “Summary” Inscription (2.118E)......Page 951
The Small “Summary” Inscription (2.118F)......Page 952
The Nimrud Inscription (2.118I)......Page 953
The Tang-i Var Inscription (2.118J)......Page 954
Sennacherib’s First Campaign: Against Merodach-baladan (2.119A)......Page 955
Sennacherib’ s Siege of Jerusalem (2.119B)......Page 957
Sennacherib: the “Azekah” Inscription (2.119D)......Page 959
Sennacherib: the Capture and Destruction of Babylon (2.119E)......Page 960
5. NEO-BABYLONIAN INSCRIPTIONS......Page 961
Nabopolassar’s Restoration of Imgur-Enlil (2.121)......Page 962
Nebuchadnezzar II’s Restoration of the Ebabbar Temple (2.122A)......Page 963
Nebuchadnezzar II’s Restoration of E-urimin-ankia (2.122B)......Page 964
The Sippar Cylinder of Nabonidus (2.123A)......Page 965
Nabonidus’ Rebuilding of E-lugal-galga-sisa (2.123B)......Page 968
Cyras Cylinder (2.124)......Page 969
VOTIVE SEAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 972
Votive Seal Inscriptions (2.125)......Page 974
WEIGHT INSCRIPTIONS......Page 976
Weight Inscriptions (2.126)......Page 978
“FUNCTIONAL” INSCRIPTIONS......Page 982
The Agreement Between Ir-addu and Niqmepa (AT 2) (2.128)......Page 984
Agreement Between Pillia and Idrimi (AT 3) (2.129)......Page 986
The Laws of Eshnunna (2.130)......Page 987
The Laws of Hammurabi (2.131)......Page 990
The Middle Assyrian Laws (2.132)......Page 1008
The Neo-Babylonian Laws (2.133)......Page 1015
The Edicts of Samsu-iluna and his Successors (2.134)......Page 1017
The “Sun Disk” Tablet of Nabû-apla-iddina (2.135)......Page 1019
Will of Ammitaku Leader of Alalakh (2.136)......Page 1023
Land Grant AT 456 (2.137)......Page 1024
AKKADIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 1026
SUMERIAN MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 1038
BUILDING AND DISPLAY INSCRIPTIONS......Page 1040
Ur-Nammu (2.138B)......Page 1042
Shulgi (2.139A)......Page 1043
Shulgi (2.139D)......Page 1044
Ibbi-Sin (2.141A)......Page 1045
2. Old Babylonian Inscriptions......Page 1046
VOTIVE INSCRIPTIONS......Page 1048
Lugal-murube Son of Zuzu (2.143)......Page 1050
SEAL INSCRIPTIONS......Page 1052
Servants of Kings (2.145)......Page 1054
WEIGHT INSCRIPTIONS......Page 1056
Weight Inscriptions (2.146-151)......Page 1058
“FUNCTIONAL” INSCRIPTIONS......Page 1060
Reforms of Uru-inimgina (2.152)......Page 1062
The Laws of Ur-Namma (2.153)......Page 1063
The Laws of Lipit-Ishtar (2.154)......Page 1065
TEMPLE HYMNS OF GUDEA......Page 1070
The Cylinders of Gudea (2.155)......Page 1072
SUMERIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 1090
VOLUME III – Archival Documents from the Biblical World......Page 1096
Contents......Page 1098
Preface......Page 1106
Abbreviations and Symbols......Page 1108
List of Contributors......Page 1110
Introduction......Page 1112
Understanding Hebrew and Egyptian Military Texts: A Contextual Approach......Page 1114
Hittite-Israelite Cultural Parallels......Page 1122
The “Contextual Method”: Some West Semitic Reflections......Page 1128
The Impact of Assyriology on Biblical Studies......Page 1136
Sumer and the Bible: a Matter of Proportion......Page 1142
EGYPTIAN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS......Page 1148
LETTERS......Page 1150
Letter I (3.1A)......Page 1152
Letter II (3.IB)......Page 1154
Letter III (3.1C)......Page 1155
The Craft of the Scribe (Papyrus Anastasi I) (3.2)......Page 1156
Praise of Pi-Ramessu (Papyrus Anastasi III) (3.3)......Page 1162
A Report of Bedouin (Papyrus Anastasi VI) (3.5)......Page 1163
CONTRACTS......Page 1166
2. DEMOTIC SELF-DEDICATION TEXTS......Page 1168
Papyrus British Museum 10624 (3.7B)......Page 1169
Papyrus Milan 6 (3.7C)......Page 1170
COURTCASES......Page 1172
The Turin Judicial Papyrus (The Harem Conspiracy against Ramses III) (3.8)......Page 1174
Papyri Rollin and Lee (Magic in the Harem Conspiracy against Ramses III) (3.9)......Page 1177
A Lawsuit over a Syrian Slave (P. Cairo 65739) (3.10)......Page 1178
ACCOUNTS......Page 1180
Semitic Slaves on a Middle Kingdom Estate (P. Brooklyn 35.1446) (3.11)......Page 1182
Semitic Functionaries in Egypt (KRI 4:104-106) (3.12)......Page 1184
EGYPTIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 1186
HITTITE ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS......Page 1188
LETTERS......Page 1190
The King to Kaššū in Tapikka 2 (HKM 2) (3.14)......Page 1192
The King to Kaššū in Tapikka 5 (HKM 5) (3.17)......Page 1193
The King to Kaššū in Tapikka 8 (HKM 8) (3.20)......Page 1194
The King to Kaššū in Tapikka 10 (HKM 10) (3.22)......Page 1195
The King to Kaššū in Tapikka 13 (HKM 14) (3.25)......Page 1196
The King to Kaššū, Hulla and Zulapi in Tapikka (HKM 17) (3.28)......Page 1197
Letter from Queen Naptera of Egypt to Queen Puduhepa of Hatti (3.30)......Page 1198
Letter from Hattušili III of Hatti to Kadašman-Enlil II of Babylon (3.31)......Page 1199
Letter from Piha-walwi of Hatti to Ibiranu of Ugarit (3.32)......Page 1200
COURTCASES......Page 1202
The Case Against Ura-tarhunta and his Father Ukkura (3.33)......Page 1204
ACCOUNTS......Page 1208
KBo 2.1 (CTH 509) (3.34)......Page 1210
KUB 38.2 (3.35)......Page 1211
KUB 15.1 (CTH 584.1) (3.36)......Page 1213
From Büyükkale, Building A, Rooms 1-2 (3.37)......Page 1214
From Büyükkale, Building A, Rooms 4-5 (3.38)......Page 1215
From Büyükkale, Building E (3.40)......Page 1216
HITTITE BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 1218
WEST SEMITIC ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS......Page 1220
LETTERS......Page 1222
The Mesad Hashavyahu (Yavneh Yam) Ostracon (3.41)......Page 1224
Lachish Ostraca (3.42)......Page 1225
Arad Ostraca (3.43)......Page 1228
The Widow’s Plea (3.44)......Page 1233
2. UGARITIC LETTERS......Page 1234
(2) Talmiyānu Keeps in Touch with the Queen (RS 9.479A) (3.45B)......Page 1236
(4) The King to the Queen-mother in the Matter of the Amurrite Princess (RS 34.124) (3.45D)......Page 1237
(6) The King of Ugarit to the Queen-mother in the Matter of his Meeting with the Hittite Sovereign (RS 16.379) (3.45F)......Page 1239
(8) The King of Tyre to the King of Ugarit in the Matter of Storm-damaged Ships (RS 18.031) (3.45H)......Page 1240
(9) The King of Hatti to the King of Ugarit (RS 18.038) (3.45I)......Page 1241
(10) Puduhepa, Queen of Hatti, to the King of Ugarit (RS 17.434+) (3.45J)......Page 1243
(12) Mutual Assistance (RS 18.075) (3.45L)......Page 1244
(13) Ammittamru, King of Ugarit, to the King of Egypt (RIH 78.3+30) (3.45M)......Page 1245
(15) Part of a Letter Addressed to the King of Egypt (RS 16.078) (3.45O)......Page 1246
(17) The King to Hayyail Regarding an Allotment of Logs (RS 16.264) (3.45Q)......Page 1247
(18) Double Letter: from the Queen to Urtēnu and from Ilīmilku to the Same (RS 94.2406) (3.45R)......Page 1249
(19) The Queen to Yarmîhaddu (RS 96.2039) (3.45S)......Page 1250
(21) From an Official in Alashia to the King (RS 18.113A+B) (3.45U)......Page 1251
(24) Message of Iriritaruma to the Queen (RS 16.402) (3.45X)......Page 1252
(25) Urgitetub (Urhi-Tešub) to the Queen (RS 20.199) (3.45Y)......Page 1253
(28) A Military Situation (RS 4.475) (3.45BB)......Page 1254
(30) Brother to Sister (RS 17.063) (3.45DD)......Page 1255
(32) Emergency Report from a City-commander (RS 19.011) (3.45FF)......Page 1256
(34) Two Servants to Their Master (RS 29.093) (3.45HH)......Page 1257
(35) A Problem with Rations (RS 29.095) (3.45II)......Page 1258
(37) Anantēnu to his Master Hidmiratu (RS 92.2010) (3.45KK)......Page 1259
(38) Abniya isn’t happy (RS 94.2284) (3.45LL)......Page 1260
(40) Getting One’s Name Before the King (RS [Varia 4]) (3.45NN)......Page 1261
(42) The Greetings that Abniya Might Have Sent (RS 94.2273) (3.45PP)......Page 1262
The Passover Letter (3.46)......Page 1263
Report of Conflict and Request for Assistance (3.47)......Page 1265
Recommendation to Aid Two Benefactors (3.48)......Page 1266
Report of Imprisonment of Jewish Leaders (3.49)......Page 1268
Petition for Reconstruction of Temple(?) (Draft) (3.50)......Page 1270
Request for Letter of Recommendation (First Draft) (3.51)......Page 1272
Recommendation for Reconstruction of Temple (3.52)......Page 1277
Offer of Payment for Reconstruction of Temple (Draft) (3.53)......Page 1278
Appeal of Adon King of Ekron to Pharaoh (3.54)......Page 1279
CONTRACTS......Page 1282
Cebel Ires Daği (3.55)......Page 1284
A Barley Loan from Assur (3.56)......Page 1286
A Barley Loan from Guzāna (3.58)......Page 1287
THE MIBTAHIAH ARCHIVE (471-410 BCE)......Page 1288
Grant of a Built Wall (3.59)......Page 1289
Withdrawal from Land (3.60)......Page 1292
Bequest of House to Daughter (3.61)......Page 1294
Grant of Usufruct to Son-in-law (3.62)......Page 1298
Document of Wifehood (3.63)......Page 1300
Grant of House to Daughter (3.64)......Page 1304
Withdrawal from Goods (3.65)......Page 1307
Withdrawal from Goods (3.66)......Page 1308
Withdrawal from House (3.67)......Page 1310
Apportionment of Slaves (3.68)......Page 1313
Loan of Silver (3.69)......Page 1315
Withdrawal from Hyr (3.70)......Page 1317
Document of Wifehood (3.71)......Page 1318
Sale of Abandoned Property (3.72)......Page 1321
Bequest of Apartment to Wife (3.73)......Page 1323
Testamentary Manumission (3.74)......Page 1325
A Life Estate of Usufruct (3.75)......Page 1327
Document of Wifehood (3.76)......Page 1329
Adoption (3.77)......Page 1333
Bequest in Contemplation of Death (3.78)......Page 1335
Dowry Addendum (3.79)......Page 1338
Sale of Apartment to Son-in-law (3.80)......Page 1340
Loan of Grain (3.81)......Page 1344
ACCOUNTS......Page 1346
Village Tithe Payments at Ugarit (3.83)......Page 1348
Hesbân Ostracon A1 (3.84)......Page 1349
Ophel ostracon (3.86)......Page 1350
MISCELLANEOUS TEXTS......Page 1352
1. ARAMAIC OSTRACA......Page 1354
Instructions Regarding Children and Inquiry Regarding Passover (3.87A)......Page 1355
Instructions to Shear Ewe (3.87B)......Page 1356
Offer to Sew a Garment (3.87C)......Page 1357
Instructions Regarding Silver for Marzeah (3.87D)......Page 1358
Greetings from a Pagan to a Jew (3.87E)......Page 1359
Instructions to Aid Shepherd (3.87F)......Page 1360
Instructions Regarding Legumes and Barley, etc. (3.87G)......Page 1361
Letter Regarding Gift, Handmaiden, Allotment, and Pots (3.87I)......Page 1362
Instructions Regarding Tunic (3.87J)......Page 1363
Notice of Dispatch of Wood (3.87K)......Page 1364
An Aramaic Dream Report from Elephantine (3.88)......Page 1365
The Bukān Inscription (3.89)......Page 1366
WEST SEMITIC BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 1368
AKKADIAN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS......Page 1378
LETTERS......Page 1380
A Letter of Enna-Dagan (3.90)......Page 1382
Letter Asking for the Return of Stolen Donkeys (AT 116) (3.91)......Page 1383
Letter of Abdi-heba of Jerusalem (EA 286) (3.92A)......Page 1384
Letter of Abdi-heba of Jerusalem (EA 289) (3.92B)......Page 1385
Letter of Tušratta, King of Mitanni (EA 17) (3.92D)......Page 1386
Letter of Rib-Haddi of Byblos (Gubla) (EA 362) (3.92E)......Page 1387
Letter of Lab ayu of Shechem (EA 253) (3.92F)......Page 1388
A Letter to Zalaia (3.93)......Page 1389
The Letter of Takuhlina (3.94)......Page 1390
The Murder of Sennacherib (3.95)......Page 1391
A Letter Reporting Matters in Kalah (Kalhu) (3.96)......Page 1392
A Report on Work on Dūr-Šarrukin (3.98)......Page 1393
CONTRACTS......Page 1394
Sale of a Town (AT 52) (3.99B)......Page 1396
Receipt for the Purchase of a Debt Slave (AT 65) (3.100)......Page 1397
Marriage Customs (AT 92) (3.101B)......Page 1398
Seven years of Barrenness before a Second Wife (AT 93) (3.101C)......Page 1399
Transfer of Creditors (AT 28) (3.102B)......Page 1400
Land Purchase Text (3.103)......Page 1401
Foreclosure and Redistribution of Land (3.105)......Page 1402
Land Donation for Service Rendered (3.107)......Page 1403
Royal Land Grant (3.109)......Page 1404
Sale of Three Slaves (3.111)......Page 1405
Sale of a Slave Woman (3.112)......Page 1406
A Slave Redemption (3.113)......Page 1407
Sale of a Slave (3.114)......Page 1408
Land Sale (3.115)......Page 1409
Sale of an Estate (3.117)......Page 1410
Land Sale (3.118)......Page 1411
COURTCASES......Page 1414
A Lawsuit from Hazor (3.120)......Page 1416
A Court Order from Samaria (3.122)......Page 1417
A Neo-Babylonian Dialogue Document (3.123)......Page 1418
ACCOUNTS......Page 1420
Offerings to the Temple Gates at Ur (3.124)......Page 1422
List of Hapiru Soldiers (AT 180) (3.125)......Page 1423
Administrative Record (AT 457) (3.126)......Page 1424
An Assyrian Wine List (3.127)......Page 1425
An Assyrian Horse List (3.128)......Page 1426
WILLS......Page 1428
Inheritance of a Brother and a Sister (AT 7) (3.129)......Page 1430
AKKADIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 1432
SUMERIAN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS......Page 1438
LETTERS......Page 1440
1. A Letter from an Angry Housewife (3.130)......Page 1442
3. A Letter-order (3.132)......Page 1443
CONTRACTS......Page 1444
Slave Sale (3.133B)......Page 1446
Real Estate Transaction (3.133D)......Page 1447
The Manumission of Šarakam and Ur-guna\'a (3.134B)......Page 1448
A Loan of Silver to Šu-ašli (3.136A)......Page 1449
A Loan of Sheep Fat (3.136C)......Page 1450
A Loan of Silver to Ur-Enlila (3.136F)......Page 1451
A Loan of Silver to Girini (3.136G)......Page 1452
Another Record of Hire (3.137C)......Page 1453
7. A SHIPPING CONTRACT (3.139)......Page 1454
COURTCASES......Page 1456
Inheritance (3.141)......Page 1458
2. A FUNCTIONAL COURTCASE (3.142)......Page 1459
ACCOUNTS......Page 1460
Calendar Text (3.144A)......Page 1462
3. Weights and Measures (3.145)......Page 1463
SUMERIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 1464
ADDENDA......Page 1466
The Dispute Between a Man and His Ba (3.146)......Page 1468
The Akkadian Anzu Story (3.147)......Page 1474
INDICES......Page 1484
Scripture......Page 1486
A......Page 1506
B......Page 1511
C......Page 1513
D......Page 1514
E......Page 1516
F......Page 1518
G......Page 1519
H......Page 1520
I......Page 1523
K......Page 1525
L......Page 1527
M......Page 1529
N......Page 1532
P......Page 1535
R......Page 1537
S......Page 1538
T......Page 1544
U......Page 1546
W......Page 1547
Y......Page 1548
Z......Page 1549
M......Page 1552
Y......Page 1553