The Complete Thyroid Book

Cover Page......Page 1
Other Books by M. Sara Rosenthal......Page 3
Title Page......Page 4
ISBN 0071435263......Page 5
Contents (with page links)......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 15
Introduction......Page 17
Ken’s Story......Page 18
Sara’s Story......Page 19
Our Goals for Our Readers......Page 21
A Word About Our Voice......Page 22
Part 1 - The Basics......Page 25
How It Formed, Where It Is, What It Does......Page 27
Location, Location......Page 28
How Does It Feel?......Page 29
The Parathyroid Glands......Page 31
Inside the Thyroid Cell......Page 32
An Introduction to Thyroid Hormone......Page 33
Keeping It Right: The Body’s Natural Thyroid Hormone “Thermostat”......Page 34
2 Tests and Labs: Diagnosing Thyroid Disease......Page 37
Tests That Measure Thyroid Hormone Levels......Page 38
TSH: The Most Sensitive Test to Assess Thyroid Hormone Status......Page 39
What Are Abnormal TSH Levels?......Page 40
Exceptions to the Rule......Page 41
Thyroglobulin: The Specific Thyroid Protein......Page 42
Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins......Page 43
Measuring Thyroid Antibodies......Page 44
Dynamic Tests of Thyroid Function......Page 46
Radioactive Thyroid Tests......Page 47
Radioactive Scans and Imaging......Page 48
Radioactive Iodine Whole Body Scans (WBS) and Thyroid Cancers......Page 49
X-Rays, Ultrasounds, and Other Diagnostic Pictures......Page 54
Ultrasounds......Page 55
CT and MRI Scans......Page 56
Pathology: Do You Need Surgery? What Did the Surgeon Find?......Page 57
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules......Page 58
Thyroid Pathology: What Did It Reveal from My Surgery?......Page 59
Why Am I Hypothyroid?......Page 61
Congenital and Neonatal Hypothyroidism......Page 63
Subclinical Hypothyroidism......Page 64
Secondary Hypothyroidism: Pituitary Problems......Page 65
Iodine Deficiency......Page 66
Iodine Excess......Page 67
Goitrogens......Page 68
Cold Intolerance......Page 69
Digestive Changes and Weight Gain......Page 70
Hair Changes......Page 71
Numbness......Page 72
Diagnosing Hypothyroidism......Page 74
Driving While Hypothyroid......Page 75
Treating Hypothyroidism......Page 76
Thyroid Hormone Replacement......Page 77
When Thyroid Hormone Doesn’t Work......Page 80
Natural Thyroid Hormone......Page 81
The T3 Issue......Page 82
Why Do I Still Feel Hypothyroid?......Page 83
Symptoms of Too Much Thyroid Hormone......Page 85
Adrenaline Rush......Page 86
Exhaustion......Page 87
Heart Palpitations......Page 88
Heat Intolerance......Page 89
Periodic Paralysis......Page 90
Tremors......Page 91
The Emotional Effects of Thyrotoxicosis......Page 92
Psychiatric Misdiagnosis......Page 93
Low Blood Sugar or Thyrotoxicosis?......Page 95
Thyroid Hormone Overdose......Page 96
Hamburger Toxicosis......Page 97
Intrinsic Thyroid Autonomy: Independent Thyroid Hormone Manufacturers......Page 98
Diagnosing Thyrotoxicosis and/or Hyperthyroidism......Page 99
Treating Thyrotoxicosis......Page 100
Treating Hyperthyroidism......Page 101
What Is an Autoimmune Disorder?......Page 103
Who Is Vulnerable to Autoimmune Disease?......Page 104
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis......Page 106
Diagnosing Hashimoto’s Disease......Page 108
Treating Hashimoto’s Disease......Page 109
Anemia......Page 111
Arthritis......Page 112
Lupus......Page 113
Subacute Thyroiditis: A Pain in the Neck......Page 114
Silent Thyroiditis......Page 115
Riedel’s Thyroiditis......Page 116
What Happens in Graves’ Disease?......Page 119
Risks for Heart Disease......Page 120
Mania and Graves’ Disease......Page 121
Diagnosing Graves’ Disease......Page 122
Radioactive Iodine (RAI) Therapy for Graves’ Disease......Page 123
Antithyroid Medication......Page 125
Thyroidectomy or Partial Thyroidectomy......Page 126
Euthyroid Graves’ Disease......Page 127
Screening Family Members for Graves’ Disease......Page 128
Are There Natural Therapies for Graves’ Disease?......Page 129
Functional Assessment......Page 131
Anatomical Assessment......Page 133
Euthyroid Goiters......Page 135
Hypothyroid Goiters......Page 136
Thyrotoxic Goiters......Page 137
Finding a Thyroid Nodule......Page 139
Is the TSH Suppressed?......Page 140
FNA Biopsy: The Critical Procedure......Page 141
Hot Nodules......Page 144
How Do We Treat ATNs?......Page 145
Radiation Exposure to the Neck During Childhood......Page 146
Were You Exposed to Radiation?......Page 147
Preventing Thyroid Exposure from Radioactive Fallout......Page 148
9 Thyroid Cancer......Page 151
The Genetic Link......Page 152
Pathology and Prognosis......Page 154
Papillary Carcinomas......Page 155
Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas......Page 156
Additional Rare Types of Thyroid Cancer......Page 157
Treatment for Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Cancers......Page 159
Thyroid Surgery......Page 160
Radioactive Iodine Therapy......Page 163
External Beam Radiotherapy (XRT)......Page 164
Diagnostic Evaluation: Long-Term Follow-Up......Page 165
Monitoring Thyroglobulin Levels......Page 166
How It All Started......Page 167
The T4 Pill: The Right Stuff......Page 168
The Best Way to Take T4......Page 172
When to Use T3......Page 173
When Not to Use T3......Page 175
Thyroid Extracts, or Natural Thyroid Hormone......Page 176
Drugs Used to Treat Hyperthyroidism......Page 179
Antithyroid Drugs (Thionamides)......Page 180
Beta-Blockers......Page 182
Stable Iodide......Page 183
Stable Iodide for Protection Against Nuclear Accidents......Page 184
Lithium Carbonate......Page 185
Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Regulation......Page 186
Treating Low or No PTH......Page 187
Monitoring Treatment......Page 188
12 Radioactive Iodine Therapy......Page 189
Particulate Radiation: Alpha and Beta......Page 190
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Rays (X-Rays)......Page 191
Radioactive Iodine for Graves’ Disease......Page 192
Radioactive Iodine for Toxic Thyroid Nodules......Page 194
Radioactive Iodine for Thyroid Cancer......Page 195
Part 2 - People in Special Circumstances......Page 201
13 Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy and After Delivery......Page 203
Normal Pregnancy Discomforts......Page 204
Morning Sickness and Sufficient Iodine......Page 206
Pregnancy and Graves’ Disease......Page 207
Morning Sickness and Thyroid Hormone Replacement......Page 208
Gestational Hypothyroidism......Page 209
Gestational Thyrotoxicosis......Page 211
Gestational Hyperthyroidism......Page 212
Discovering Thyroid Nodules in Pregnancy......Page 213
Postpartum Thyroiditis......Page 214
Postpartum Thyroiditis, Blues, or Postpartum Depression?......Page 215
Natural Menopause......Page 217
Signs of Natural Menopause......Page 218
HRT, Menopause, and Thyroid Disease......Page 220
Calcitonin......Page 222
Thyroid Disease and Osteoporosis......Page 223
Staying Alert About Heart Disease......Page 225
15 Thyroid Disease in Infants and Children......Page 227
Hypothyroidism......Page 228
Hypothyroidism......Page 231
Goiter......Page 232
Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis......Page 233
Thyroid Cancer in Children......Page 235
16 Thyroid Disease and Obesity......Page 239
Defining Obesity......Page 240
Biological Causes of Obesity......Page 241
How Thyroid Disease Impacts Obesity......Page 244
Inappropriate Drug Treatments for Obesity......Page 245
Lowering Fat and Healthy Eating......Page 246
The Right Antiobesity Diet......Page 247
Hypothyroidism in Older Persons......Page 249
Growing Old with Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Hormone......Page 250
Apathetic Hyperthyroidism......Page 251
Other Thyroid Problems......Page 252
Thyroid Disease in a Person with Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 253
18 Thyroid Hormone Resistance and Rare Genetic Disorders of the Thyroid......Page 255
Types of RTH......Page 256
The Molecular Cause of RTH......Page 257
Defects in the Production of Thyroid Hormone......Page 258
Abnormalities in Transporting Thyroid Hormones in the Blood......Page 259
Part 3 - Living Well After Treatment......Page 261
19 Thyroid Misconceptions and Misinformation......Page 263
The “T4/T3 Conversion Problem” Theory......Page 265
Hypothyroidism......Page 266
or T3/T4 Mixtures”......Page 267
“Blood Tests Are Inaccurate in Determining Hidden Hypothyroidism”......Page 268
“If I Took T3 with My T4, I Wouldn’t Be Obese”......Page 272
Graves’ Disease and RAI Myths......Page 273
Thyroid Cancer and RAI Myths......Page 275
Thyroid Cancer Left”......Page 278
Sodium’ Are Fine”......Page 279
The Hypothyroid Diet......Page 281
Battling the Bloat......Page 282
Avoid Alcohol......Page 285
The Low-Iodine Diet (LID)......Page 286
The Hyperthyroid Diet......Page 287
Understanding Fat......Page 288
The Right Carbs......Page 290
The Legal Standard of Care......Page 293
State-of-the-Art Standard of Care......Page 294
The Reasonable Standard of Care......Page 295
Respect for Persons (or Patient Autonomy)......Page 296
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence......Page 299
Problems with “Doing the Right Thing” for Patients......Page 300
Steps Toward Informed Decision Making......Page 301
22 Complementary Therapies for Thyroid Patients......Page 303
Hands-on Healing......Page 304
Yoga......Page 306
Pressure Point Therapies......Page 307
Aromatherapy......Page 309
The Healing Environment: Feng Shui......Page 310
Part 4 - Complications of Thyroid Disease......Page 313
What Is Thyroid Eye Disease?......Page 315
Who Gets TED?......Page 317
True Grit: The Symptoms of TED......Page 318
Battling the Bulge: Treating TED......Page 319
Corrective Surgery......Page 320
Finding Symptom Relief......Page 321
Dry Eyes......Page 322
Who Is Most Likely to Suffer from Dry Eyes?......Page 323
Unipolar Depression and Hypothyroidism......Page 325
Signs of Unipolar Depression......Page 326
Managing Unipolar Depression......Page 328
Anxiety, Panic Disorder, and Thyroid Disease......Page 331
Managing Anxiety and Panic......Page 332
25 Coping with Heart Disease......Page 333
Heart Complications from Hypothyroidism......Page 334
Congestive Heart Failure......Page 335
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)......Page 336
High Cholesterol (Hypercholesterolemia) and Hypothyroidism......Page 338
Heart Complications from Thyrotoxicosis......Page 339
Irregular Heart Rhythm (Arrhythmia and Atrial Fibrillation)......Page 340
Chest Pain (Angina)......Page 341
Normal Fatigue......Page 343
Sleep Deprivation......Page 344
Sleep Disorders......Page 345
Burnout......Page 346
Eliminate Energy Drains......Page 347
Abnormal Fatigue: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome......Page 348
Fibromyalgia Versus CFS......Page 350
Finding a Thyroid Specialist......Page 351
Thyroid Organizations for Patients......Page 352
Thyroid Cancer......Page 353
Parathyroid Gland......Page 354
Heart Health......Page 355
Complementary Medicine......Page 356
Glossary......Page 357
Supportive Literature......Page 365
Index (with page links)......Page 371