The Changing International Law of High Seas Fisheries

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Table of cases......Page 13
Table of statutes, national legislation, and related documents......Page 15
Table of treaties......Page 18
Introduction......Page 23
Freedom of fishing in the high seas in a historical setting......Page 25
The evolving legal concepts relating to high seas fishing......Page 30
The freedom of fishing in the high seas in customary international law......Page 35
Fishing and conservation in the high seas under the 1958 Geneva conventions......Page 40
The changing role of international law on high seas fisheries......Page 43
2 The influence of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in the new regime of high seas fisheries......Page 46
The emerging principles relating to conservation and management of living resources within the exclusive economic zone......Page 48
The species approach and the linkage with high seas issues......Page 53
Salmon fisheries and the prevailing interest of the state of origin......Page 54
Marine mammals: furthering the restrictions to the freedom of exploitation......Page 58
The Convention's limited approach to the straddling stocks and highly migratory species question......Page 62
Conservation and management of the living resources of the high seas under the Convention......Page 67
Environmental achievements of the Convention......Page 70
New perspectives in the development of international law......Page 72
The growing pressure on high seas fisheries......Page 75
The global reach of high seas fisheries overexploitation......Page 77
Implications of the state of high seas fisheries for conservation and management regimes......Page 82
The Convention in a static view: protecting the interests of distant-water fishing nations......Page 84
The Convention in an evolutionary interpretation: advancing the interests of coastal states......Page 87
Interpreting the Convention in a spirit of mutual accommodation......Page 90
The search for new criteria in the light of environmental concerns......Page 98
4 Trends in contemporary international law and national legislation and practice on high seas fisheries issues......Page 101
Trends relating to the conservation and management of transboundary stocks......Page 102
The leading role of salmon fisheries arrangements......Page 106
Marine mammals and the increasing emphasis on conservation......Page 108
Straddling stocks and the development of the role of coastal states......Page 111
Highly migratory species and the harmonization of coastal states' rights with international cooperation......Page 118
Other aspects of contemporary international practice relevant to high seas fisheries......Page 123
Chile's presential sea approach: a restricted model of coastal state intervention......Page 129
Argentina's jurisdictional claim: advancing coastal states' interests......Page 133
Canada's high seas jurisdictional claims: new implications for international law......Page 134
Advancing international law: a conclusion on contemporary practice......Page 139
The preparatory work of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development......Page 141
The UNCED deliberations and the convening of the United Nations Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory…......Page 148
Organization of the conference and the issue of the form of its outcome......Page 153
Interpretations and problems relating to the definitions of the 1995 Agreement......Page 159
General international law provisions and final clauses......Page 163
The principle of sustainable development and the conservation of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks......Page 167
The principle of preventive action in the context of the general principles of conservation and management of high seas…......Page 175
The emergence of the precautionary principle and the question of its application to high seas fisheries management......Page 178
Developing the precautionary approach in high seas fisheries......Page 182
The principle of informed decision-making in the context of high seas fisheries......Page 186
7 Ecosystem management and the legal interactions between areas under national jurisdiction and the high seas......Page 193
The legal relationship between the 1995 Agreement and the Convention......Page 194
Geographical ambit of application of the 1995 Agreement......Page 197
The issue of compatibility of conservation and management measures in the high seas and in areas under national jurisdiction......Page 205
Nature and extent of the duty to cooperate in establishing compatible measures......Page 210
Ecosystem management as applied to enclosed and semi-enclosed seas and other areas of the high seas......Page 216
Extent of the duty to undertake international cooperation......Page 222
Questions of participation in cooperation mechanisms and the right to fish in the high seas......Page 228
Establishing fisheries organizations and arrangements......Page 237
The principle of common but differentiated responsibility......Page 244
9 Compliance and enforcement in high seas fisheries......Page 249
The contribution of the FAO Agreement on Compliance and the Code on Responsible Fisheries......Page 250
Strengthening the duties and rights of flag states under the 1995 Agreement......Page 255
Advancing international cooperation and nonflag-state enforcement in high seas fisheries......Page 262
Specific issues relating to boarding and inspection......Page 267
Specific issues relating to investigation and prosecution......Page 274
Port-state enforcement and the issue of access of fishing vessels to foreign ports......Page 281
General obligations on dispute settlement......Page 289
Early options for dispute settlement: regional procedures, arbitration, and application of the Convention......Page 291
Disputes of a technical nature......Page 294
Extending and adapting the application of dispute settlement procedures under the Convention......Page 295
Dispute settlement in the context of provisional measures......Page 301
Safeguarding a coastal state's sovereign rights and jurisdiction......Page 304
Conclusion: Preserving the freedom of high seas fishing and ensuring conservation......Page 310
DOCUMENTS, REPORTS, AND RESOLUTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS......Page 316
BOOKS......Page 322
ARTICLES AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS......Page 324
Index......Page 352