The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic

Cover
The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Contents
List of Map
List of Abbreviations
1: Dictator and Magister Equitum
	1.1 The Quarrel
		1.1.1 A Victory or Two—or a Defeat?
		1.1.2 The Missing Magister Equitum
		1.1.3 Facts, Traditions, and Pictor’s Version
	1.2 Rullianus as Magister Equitum
		1.2.1 Competing Chronologies
		1.2.2 The Story Not Told
	1.3 The Challenge
		1.3.1 Dictator vs. Master of the Horse: Imperium and Auspices
		1.3.2 Mercy, Disobedience, and the Shadow of Defeat
	1.4 The Play
	1.5 The Aftermath
		1.5.1 Cotta at Lipara
		1.5.2 Minucius Rufus
2: Imperium and Auspices
	2.1 Imperium
		2.1.1 Mommsen and Alternatives
		2.1.2 All Imperia Are Equal (but Some Are More Equal than Others)
		2.1.3 Potestas and Imperium
	2.2 Auspicia: Basic Concepts
		2.2.1 Augurs, Augury, and Magistrates
		2.2.2 The Vinculum Temporis
	2.3 The “Auspices of Investiture”
	2.4 The “Auspices of Departure”: the Evidence
		2.4.1 The Praetor Approved by the Birds
		2.4.2 Votis in Capitolio nuncupatis paludatus cum lictoribus profectus
	2.5 The “Auspices of Departure”—a Modern Fiction
		2.5.1 The Departure of Gaius Flaminius
		2.5.2 Taking the Auspices along from Home
	2.6 Repeating the Auspices
		2.6.1 The Significance of Place
		2.6.2 Vitium in Auspicio
		2.6.3 Auspicia Militiae?
3: Dictator
	3.1 The Lictors
		3.1.1 Ahenobarbus’ Fasces
		3.1.2 Cicero and His Laureled Lictors
		3.1.3 The Magistrate Without His Lictors
		3.1.4 The Turnus
		3.1.5 No Lictors, No Action
	3.2 Cessation or Termination?
		3.2.1 Polybios and Plutarch
		3.2.2 Dionysios
	3.3 The Nature of the Office
		3.3.1 Peculiar Aspects
		3.3.2 What’s in a Name?
		3.3.3 Dic(t)ator Latinus
		3.3.4 Dictator and Magister Populi
		3.3.5 Imperium Valentius
	3.4 Term Limits
		3.4.1 The Dictio
		3.4.2 Dictator sine Magistro Equitum
		3.4.3 The Magister Equitum as Dictator
		3.4.4 The Six-monthLimit
4: Magister Equitum
	4.1 The Auspices of the Magister Equitum
	4.2 Auspices and Triumph
		4.2.1 Catulus and Falto
		4.2.2 Salinator and Nero
		4.2.3 Furius Purpurio
		4.2.4 Helvius
		4.2.5 Suis Auspiciis
	4.3 The Consul as Magister Equitum
		4.3.1 Cases of Cumulation
		4.3.2 Lepidus as Magister Equitum
	4.4 The Magister Equitum and the Augurs
		4.4.1 Caesar and Antonius: the Time Frame
		4.4.2 The Magister Equitum Named by the Consul: Constitutional Considerations
		4.4.3 No Decree for Caesar
		4.4.4 Lepidus’ Enabling Act and the Auspices
		4.4.5 The Objection to Antonius
5: Drowning the Chickens
	5.1 The Pulli
		5.1.1 The Evidence
		5.1.2 Servius, the Tribune, and the Chickens
	5.2 The Auspices at Sea
		5.2.1 Augural Waters
		5.2.2 Making a Move, on Land and at Sea
	5.3 The Location of the Vitium: Claudius and Iunius
	5.4 Vitium and Perduellio
	5.5 The Sortes Praenestinae
		5.5.1 Consultation at Praeneste
		5.5.2 An Alternative to Auspices
6: Dictator Interregni Caussa
	6.1 An Inconvenient Document
		6.1.1 Sumner’s Interrex
		6.1.2 The Dictator as Interrex Substitute
		6.1.3 A Very Special Interrex
		6.1.4 The Missing Gerundive
	6.2 The Fasti
		6.2.1 Death and the Fasti
		6.2.2 More Oddities
	6.3 Flaminius in Gaul
	6.4 Consules vitio facti
		6.4.1 Augurs and Omens
		6.4.2 Augural Sabotage (a Fantasy)
		6.4.3 The Triumph
		6.4.4 Abdication and the Consular Year
	6.5 Contesting the Auspices
	6.6 Abdication, Interregnum, and the Need for a Dictator
		6.6.1 The Abdication of Sergius and Verginius
		6.6.2 Abdication Forced by a Dictator?
	6.7 The First Dictatorship of Fabius Maximus
		6.7.1 Removing Flaminius: a Moderate Solution
		6.7.2 The Name of the Dictator
		6.7.3 The Sorex
7: The Road to Perdition
	7.1 Hannibal’s Pass
		7.1.1 Hannibal’s Options
		7.1.2 The Floods of the Arno
		7.1.3 Where was Flaminius?
		7.1.4 Where was Faesulae?
	7.2 Hannibal’s Surprise
		7.2.1 The Race to Arezzo
		7.2.2 The Campaign in Gaul
		7.2.3 Flaminius at Arretium
	7.3 Going after Hannibal
	7.4 Ostenta Flaminiana
		7.4.1 The Signs
		7.4.2 The Fall off the Horse
		7.4.3 The Chickens and the Standard
		7.4.4 Auspices Valid and Invalid
		7.4.5 Coelius, Cicero, and Livy—an Augural Perspective
		7.4.6 Flaminius at the Lake
	7.5 Inauspicato Consul
		7.5.1 Redeployments for 217
		7.5.2 Strategy
		7.5.3 The Fog of Contempt
8: The Auspices Prevail
	8.1 Disaster and Dictator
		8.1.1 Emergency
		8.1.2 Vitium
		8.1.3 After Cannae
	8.2 Contra Auspicia
		8.2.1 The Challengers
		8.2.2 The Cunctator and his Deputy
	8.3 Upholding the Auspices
		8.3.1 The Second Consulship of Marcellus
		8.3.2 The Nature of the Vitium
		8.3.3 Augur Optumus
	8.4 The Triumph of the Augurs
		8.4.1 The Vitium of the First Marcellus
		8.4.2 Vitium and Its Consequences
		8.4.3 The Final Test
	8.5 Last Notes
APPENDIX: Consular Abdication and Interregnum
Bibliography
General Index
Index Locorum