The Cambridge History of Russia. Imperial Russia 1689-1917

Cover Page......Page 1
About the Book......Page 2
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF RUSSIA......Page 3
Title: THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF RUSSIA, Volume II: Imperial Russia, 1689-1917......Page 4
ISBN 0521815290......Page 5
part ii CULTURE, IDEAS, IDENTITTIES......Page 6
part iv RUSSIAN SOCIETY, LAW AND ECONOMY......Page 7
part vi FOREIGN POLICY AND THE ARMED FORCES......Page 8
part vii REFORM, WAR AND REVOLUTION......Page 9
Plates......Page 10
Maps......Page 12
Notes on contributors......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 17
Note on the text......Page 18
journals......Page 19
other abbreviations......Page 20
Chronology......Page 21
Introduction......Page 30
EMPIRE......Page 36
1 Russia as empire and periphery......Page 38
2 Managing empire: tsarist nationalities policy......Page 56
Nationalities before Peter......Page 57
Expansion in the eighteenth century and nationality Conquest of the Baltic under Peter......Page 58
Partitions of Poland......Page 59
Jewish question......Page 60
Policy under Alexander I and Nicholas I Napoleonic period and Congress of Vienna......Page 61
Nicholas I......Page 63
Expansion in the Caucasus and Central Asia......Page 65
Birth of Russification......Page 66
Baltic Provinces and Finland......Page 68
Central Asia and Muslims......Page 69
The Caucasus......Page 70
The 1905 Revolution and after......Page 71
First World War......Page 72
Russia as a European empire......Page 74
Russia as an anti-European empire......Page 80
Russia as a national empire......Page 84
CULTURE, IDEAS, IDENTITIES......Page 94
Russia and the West: ‘catching up’......Page 96
The reign of Peter I (1682–1725)......Page 97
From Catherine I to Peter III: 1725–1762......Page 106
Catherine the Great: 1762–1796......Page 110
Conclusion......Page 117
Russian culture comes of age......Page 121
Russian culture under Alexander I (1801–1825) and Nicholas I (1825–1855)......Page 123
Russian culture under Alexander II (1855–1881)......Page 126
Russian culture under Alexander III (1881–1894)......Page 132
Russian Culture Under Nicholas II (1894–1917)......Page 136
From Muscovy to the Early Enlightenment: the problem of resistance to ungodly rulers......Page 145
Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment: civic virtue, absolutism and liberty......Page 148
In the French Revolution’s shadow: conservatism, constitutionalism and republicanism......Page 151
TheWesterniser–Slavophile Debate......Page 155
National identity, representative government and the market......Page 159
7 Russia and the legacy of 1812......Page 174
Russian culture and society before 1812......Page 175
The 1812 war and Russian nationalism......Page 176
The war and Russian political culture......Page 180
1812 and the problem of social stability......Page 183
The legacy of the war......Page 186
NON-RUSSIAN NATIONALITIES......Page 192
8 Ukrainians and Poles......Page 194
9 The Jews......Page 213
The pre-partition period......Page 214
Early encounters......Page 216
Into the whirlwind......Page 222
10 Islam in the Russian Empire......Page 231
RUSSIAN SOCIETY, LAW AND ECONOMY......Page 254
11 The elites......Page 256
12 The groups between: raznochintsy, intelligentsia, professionals......Page 274
Topography......Page 293
Rhythms......Page 296
People......Page 300
Administration and institutions......Page 304
Civic and cultural life......Page 307
Institutionalising Orthodoxy......Page 313
The clergy......Page 317
Episcopate......Page 318
Monastic (‘black’) clergy......Page 319
Secular (‘white’) clergy......Page 321
Believers......Page 325
Worldly teachings: from ‘reciprocity’ to social Orthodoxy......Page 329
Orthodoxy in the Russian prerevolution......Page 331
The Petrine revolution and its consequences......Page 335
Outside the circle of privilege......Page 340
The reform era......Page 342
1905 and after......Page 351
16 Gender and the legal order in Imperial Russia......Page 355
Noblewomen, inheritance, and the control of property......Page 356
Gender conventions and the law of property in the eighteenth century......Page 358
Transactions between husband and wife......Page 362
Unlimited obedience: women and family law......Page 364
Gender in criminal law......Page 368
Conclusion......Page 371
Reform......Page 373
The reformed judicial system and the peasants......Page 377
Justice and empire......Page 385
The reform of the reform......Page 388
The justice system as a substitute constitution......Page 391
18 Peasants and agriculture......Page 398
Introduction......Page 423
The Catherine system......Page 425
The era of Great Reforms......Page 431
The policy of forced industrial development......Page 437
Financial and commercial policy at the beginning of the twentieth century......Page 446
Conclusion......Page 452
GOVERNMENT......Page 456
Introduction......Page 458
Subordinate organs (podchinennye organy)......Page 459
Ministerial government......Page 461
Supreme organs (Verkhovnye organy)......Page 464
Autocrat and autocracy......Page 471
Post 1905......Page 475
Modernisation from above......Page 476
Introduction......Page 478
The Centre and the provinces......Page 479
The operation of local administration......Page 485
Corporate institutions......Page 486
‘All-estate’ institutions......Page 489
A local bureaucracy?......Page 494
Epilogue......Page 495
22 State finances......Page 497
FOREIGN POLICY AND THE ARMED FORCES......Page 516
23 Peter the Great and the Northern War......Page 518
Era of palace revolutions......Page 533
Catherine II......Page 536
The metamorphosis of the 1790s......Page 544
Alexander I......Page 548
Conclusion......Page 557
25 The imperial army......Page 559
Understanding Russian military success, 1700–1825......Page 560
Accounting for Russian military failure, 1854–1917......Page 569
Conclusion: the World War......Page 580
26 Russian foreign policy: 1815–1917......Page 583
From Holy Alliance to Crimean isolation......Page 585
Recueillement......Page 590
Decline and fall......Page 596
The character of tsarist diplomacy......Page 600
27 The navy in 1900: imperialism, technology and class war......Page 604
REFORM, WAR AND REVOLUTION......Page 620
28 The reign of Alexander II: a watershed?......Page 622
The reasons and preconditions for the abolition of serfdom......Page 623
The programme and conception of the reformers, the legislation of 19 February 1861 and the other Great Reforms......Page 628
Legislation and life: the fate of the Great Reforms and the fate of the reformers......Page 637
29 Russian workers and revolution......Page 646
30 Police and revolutionaries......Page 666
The proximate causes of February 1917......Page 684
Relative economic backwardness as a cause?......Page 687
The Petrograd garrison and its mutiny......Page 691
The army command and the February Revolution......Page 693
The formation of the Progressive Bloc and the Provisional Government......Page 694
Bibliography......Page 699
A......Page 740
B......Page 743
C......Page 745
D......Page 750
E......Page 751
F......Page 753
G......Page 755
I......Page 757
J......Page 759
K......Page 760
L......Page 762
M......Page 765
N......Page 769
O......Page 771
P......Page 773
Q,R......Page 779
S......Page 782
T......Page 788
U......Page 790
V......Page 791
W......Page 792
Z......Page 793
The Plates......Page 795