The Cambridge Companion to Duns Scotus

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
CONTENTS......Page 9
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 11
WORKS OF SCOTUS......Page 15
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS......Page 16
DUNS SCOTUS IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION......Page 17
I. SOCOTUS\'S LIFE......Page 19
II. SCOTUS\'S WORKS......Page 24
NOTES......Page 31
I.1. Theoretical Science......Page 33
I.2. The Primary Object of a Science......Page 34
I.3. The Univocity of ‘Being’......Page 36
II.1. Real Distinction and Distinction of Reason......Page 39
II.2. Formal Distinction......Page 40
II.3. Modal Distinction......Page 43
III.1. Being and the Transcendentals......Page 44
III.2. The Categories......Page 46
IV.1. The Causal Order......Page 56
IV.2. The Existence of God......Page 61
IV.3. Self-Change......Page 64
V.1. Matter......Page 67
V.2. Form......Page 68
V.3. Composite Substances......Page 71
VI. CONCLUSION......Page 74
NOTES......Page 75
2 Space and Time......Page 87
I.1. Place, Whereness, and Position......Page 88
I.3. The Existence of a Void......Page 89
I.4. The Immobility of Place......Page 92
II.2. Successive and Permanent Items......Page 96
II.3. Indivisibilism......Page 97
II.4. Scotus’s Criticisms of Arguments for Indivisibilism......Page 98
II.5. Scotus’s Arguments Against Indivisibilism......Page 99
II.6. The Nature of Indivisibles......Page 100
III.1. The Ontological Status of Past, Present, and Future......Page 101
III.2. Objective Time Flow......Page 105
III.3. Time and Motion......Page 107
NOTES......Page 111
3 Universals and Individuation......Page 118
I.1. Avicenna......Page 120
I.2. Scotus......Page 123
II. INDIVIDUATION......Page 130
II.1. Scotus’s Criticism of Alternative Positions......Page 132
II.2. Scotus’s Own Solution......Page 136
III. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 139
NOTES......Page 140
4 Duns Scotus’s Modal Theory......Page 147
I. THE CONTINGENCY OF THE PRESENT......Page 148
II. POSSIBILITY AND EXISTENCE OF GOD......Page 155
III. NECESSITY AND FREEDOM......Page 159
IV. LOGICAL POSSIBILITY......Page 163
V. POSSIBLE WORLDS......Page 172
VI. CONCLUSION......Page 173
NOTES......Page 174
5 Duns Scotus’s Philosophy of Language......Page 179
I. WORDS, INTELLIGIBLE SPECIES, AND THINGS......Page 181
II. CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT TERMS......Page 189
III. TERMS OF FIRST AND SECOND INTENTION......Page 192
IV. NAMING AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 196
V. SIGNIFICATION AND FALLACIES......Page 200
VI. CONCLUSIONS......Page 203
NOTES......Page 206
6 Duns Scotus on Natural Theology......Page 211
I. DUNS SCOTUS\'S CONCEPTION OF NATURAL THEOLOGY......Page 213
II. ON THE UNIVOCAL TRANSCENDENTAL CONCEPT OF BEING......Page 214
III. THE PROOF OF THE EXISTENCE OF A FIRST EXPLANATORY BEING......Page 216
IV. THE ARGUMENT......Page 219
IV.1. As to the Inconsistency of a Nonending Regress......Page 220
IV.2. As to the Nonnecessity of any Unending Essentially Ordered Regress......Page 222
IV.3. The Necessary Being of the First Efficient Cause......Page 223
IV.4. About the Ways of Finality and Eminence......Page 224
IV.5. Embedded Argument......Page 225
V. THE NATURE OF THE FIRST PRINCIPLE OF BEING......Page 227
V.2. Unicity and Uniqueness......Page 228
V.4. Simplicity......Page 229
V.5. Analogy of Meaning vs. Univocity......Page 230
V.6. Intelligence......Page 231
V.7. The Extent of Divine Knowledge......Page 232
V.8. Multiplicity of Divine Ideas?......Page 233
V.9. Instants......Page 234
V.10. Omnipotence......Page 235
V.11. The Freedom of the First Being......Page 237
V.12. Infinity......Page 241
VI. IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL......Page 242
VII. PARTING THOUGHTS ON SCOTUS\'S NATURAL THEOLOGY......Page 243
NOTES......Page 245
7 Duns Scotus on Natural and Supernatural Knowledge of God......Page 256
I. NATURAL KNOWLEDGE OF GOD......Page 257
II. SUPERNATURAL KNOWLEDGE OF GOD......Page 270
II.A. The First Argument......Page 273
II.B. The Second Argument......Page 275
II.C. The Third Argument......Page 276
II.E. The Fifth Argument......Page 277
NOTES......Page 279
I. THE IMMATERIALITY OF THE SOUL......Page 281
II. THE POWERS OF THE SOUL......Page 285
III. THE SOUL\'S RELATION TO THE BODY......Page 289
IV. A DISEMBODIED SOUL......Page 294
NOTES......Page 296
I. THE COGNITIVE FRAMEWORK......Page 303
II. MENTAL REPRESENTATION......Page 305
III. IS COGNITION ACTIVE OR PASSIVE (OR BOTH)?......Page 308
IV. THE OBJECT OF INTELLECT......Page 311
V. INTUITIVE COGNITION......Page 314
VI. DIVINE ILLUMINATION......Page 318
NOTES......Page 322
10 Scotus’s Theory of Natural Law......Page 330
I. THE DOCTRINE OF NATURAL LAW......Page 332
II. THE RELATION OF NATURAL LAW THEORY TO OTHER ASPECTS OF SCOTUS\'S ETHICS......Page 341
NOTES......Page 346
I. BEING AND GOODNESS......Page 350
II. THE HUMAN GOOD AND THE GOODNESS OF PARTICULAR ACTS......Page 353
III. PASSIONS AND APPETITES......Page 360
IV. THE WILL AS ACTIVE POWER......Page 363
NOTES......Page 367
I. THIRTEENTH-CENTURY ETHICS: A LARGE, CONFUSING LEGACY......Page 370
II.1. Moral Actions Must Be Free......Page 373
II.2. Moral Growth Must Begin Somewhere......Page 376
III. VIRTUE NATURALIZED......Page 378
III.1. Acting with Ease and Pleasure......Page 379
III.2. Loving God above All......Page 381
III.3. Separating Moral Virtue from Happiness......Page 384
IV. CHOOSING AND FEELING......Page 386
V. MORALLY MIXED CHARACTERS......Page 387
V.2. Partial Perfections......Page 389
NOTES......Page 392
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 395
CITATIONS OF WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO JOHN DUNS SCOTUS......Page 413
INDEX......Page 423