The Biology of Deer

Front Matter....Pages i-xxviii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Status of Deer in a Changing World Environment....Pages 3-12
Front Matter....Pages 13-13
Cohort Variation in Reproduction and Survival: Implications for Population Demography....Pages 15-21
Habitat Relationships and Population Dynamics of Deer in the Intensively Farmed Midwestern United States....Pages 22-29
Current Status of Red and Fallow Deer Populations in Chile:The Need of Management....Pages 30-36
Red Deer Population Dynamics in Hungary:Management Statistics Versus Modeling....Pages 37-42
Desert Mule Deer Mortality and the Central Arizona Project....Pages 43-47
Deer Condition Response to Changing Harvest Strategy, Davis Island, Mississippi....Pages 48-55
Activity and Movement Patterns of Young White-Tailed Deer Fawns....Pages 56-62
Fetal Growth Rate Estimation from Length and Date of Death....Pages 63-68
Neonatal Elk Habitat in Central Arizona....Pages 69-75
Recruitment and Loss in an Unhunted Subtropical White-Tailed Deer Population....Pages 76-76
Biology of a Colonizing, Unharvested Population of Elk in Western Washington....Pages 77-77
Tule Elk on Private Lands: Species Preservation, Habitat Protection, or Wildlife Commercialization?....Pages 78-78
The Gas Molecule Theory: Dispersal and Management of White-Tailed Deer....Pages 79-79
Adaptive Management of Coues White-Tailed Deer in Durango, Mexico: Is the Combined Production of Deer and Cattle Feasible?....Pages 80-80
Deer Management and Economic Development in Southern New Guinea....Pages 81-81
Stereotypic Behaviors of the Barking Deer in Nepal....Pages 82-82
Population Dynamics and Yield of a Dense Moose Population Without Predators....Pages 83-83
Quantification of Mule Deer Carrying Capacity in South-Central Oregon....Pages 84-84
Spatial Component in Reproductive Performance in Desert Mule Deer....Pages 85-85
Front Matter....Pages 13-13
Comparative Foraging Ecology of White-Tailed Deer and Angora Goats....Pages 86-86
Deer/Habitat Interactions on Coronation Island, Southeast Alaska....Pages 87-87
Classification of Fallow Deer Groups According to Size Under Deer Park Conditions....Pages 88-88
Population Dynamics and Estimation of Maximum Sustained Yield (MSY) in a Black-Tailed Deer Population....Pages 89-89
Resource Partitioning by Ungulates in Central Texas: A Simulation Approach....Pages 90-90
Front Matter....Pages 91-91
The Biology of a Fatal Herpesvirus Infection of Deer (Malignant Catarrhal Fever)....Pages 93-100
Elk Disease Survey in Western Canada and Northwestern United States....Pages 101-106
Vaccination to Control Brucellosis in Free-Ranging Elk on Western Wyoming Feed Grounds....Pages 107-112
Observations on the Relative Susceptibility to Disease of Different Species of Deer Farmed in New Zealand....Pages 113-119
The Impact of Domestication on Red Deer Immunity and Disease Resistance....Pages 120-125
A Review of Yersiniosis in Farmed Red Deer in New Zealand....Pages 126-129
Laboratory Assays for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Farmed Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus )....Pages 130-135
Influence of Xylazine on Hematology Values in Farmed Red Deer....Pages 136-140
Monoclonal Antibodies to Leukocyte Subpopulations in Deer and Exotic Ruminants....Pages 141-148
Social Status and Parasitic Infection in Red Deer Stags....Pages 149-149
Nonspecific Immunity in Sika Deer....Pages 150-150
Paratuberculosis in Deer....Pages 151-151
 Pasteurella -Related Mortality in Park Fallow Deer....Pages 152-152
Immobilization of Norwegian and Svalbard Reindeer with Medetomidine and Medetomidine-ketamine and Reversal with Atipamezole....Pages 153-153
Pathology of Naturally Occurring Diseases in Deer at Nandankanan Biological Park....Pages 154-154
Front Matter....Pages 91-91
Causes of Mortality in Indian Deer at Nandankanan Biological Park....Pages 155-155
Identification of 36 Strains of Mycobacteria from Deer....Pages 156-156
Front Matter....Pages 158-158
Requirements for Managing Farmed Deer....Pages 159-172
Farming of Wapiti and Wapiti Hybrids in New Zealand....Pages 173-179
Effects of Stocking Density, Feeding, and Herd Management on Mortality of Park Deer....Pages 180-188
Management Strategies for Farmed Chital Deer....Pages 189-196
Production Cycles and Characteristics of Rusa Deer in Queensland, Australia....Pages 197-202
Venison Production from Grazing Young Red Deer Stags:Effects of Pasture Type and Immunization Against Melatonin....Pages 203-210
Measuring the Responses of Fallow Deer to Disturbance....Pages 211-216
Seasonal Pattern of Births, Female Reproductive Success and Causes of Neonate Mortality of Farmed Red Deer and Fallow Deer in Northern New Zealand....Pages 217-217
Matching of Pasture Growth Rate, Animal Requirements, and Animal Performance to Establish Stocking Policies for Farming Red Deer Under New Zealand Grassland Farming Conditions....Pages 218-218
Profitability of Farming Red Deer in New Zealand....Pages 219-219
Responses of Farmed Red Deer to Being Handled....Pages 220-220
A Study on the Biological Characteristics of Sika Deer....Pages 221-221
Hungarian Red Deer and Its Potential Performance as a Farm Deer....Pages 222-222
Front Matter....Pages 223-223
Venison and Other Deer Products....Pages 225-232
Body Composition of Female Svalbard Reindeer:The Effects of Age and Reproductive Status....Pages 233-237
Evaluation of Carcass Composition Changes to Fallow Bucks Castrated Prepuberally....Pages 238-243
Legal Status of Exotic Deer Throughout the United States....Pages 244-252
Harvest Considerations for Free-Ranging Venison Production in Texas....Pages 253-258
Front Matter....Pages 259-259
Reproduction in Deer:Adaptations for Life in Seasonal Environments....Pages 261-278
Influence of Plane of Nutrition on Seasonal Changes in Food Intake and Reproduction in Grazing Red Deer....Pages 279-284
Patterns of LH Secretion in Cycling and Seasonally Anestrous Pere David’s Deer Hinds....Pages 285-292
Reproductive Success of Female Fallow Deer in Relation to Age and Condition....Pages 293-299
Impact of Melatonin on Time of Breeding in Farmed Red Deer....Pages 300-305
Duration of Melatonin Treatment Affects the Timing of Puberty in Young Red Deer Hinds....Pages 306-312
Field Studies of Advancing the Breeding Season in Farmed Red Deer Using Melatonin Implants: Two Dosage Regimes and the Influence of the Stag....Pages 313-319
Induction of Ovulation in Pere David’s Deer Hinds at Two Stages of Seasonal Anestrus....Pages 320-326
Sexual Attraction in White-Tailed Deer....Pages 327-333
Artificial Insemination of Farmed Chital Deer....Pages 334-337
Changes in Live Weight and the Reproductive Tract of Farmed Red Deer Stags from 6 to 27 Months of Age....Pages 338-342
Influence of Sex, Habitat, and Genotype on the Growth Patterns of White-Tailed Deer....Pages 343-350
Temporal Relationship Between Estrus, the Preovulatory LH Surge, and Ovulation in Fallow Deer....Pages 351-351
Reproductive Behavior of Captive Chital Deer in Australia: Seasonal Changes and a Comparison of Activity During Restricted and Unrestricted Mating Periods....Pages 352-352
Mating Tactics in the Male Roe Deer....Pages 353-353
Effects of Strategic Short-term and Long-term Melatonin Treatment on Estrous Cyclicity in Fallow Deer....Pages 354-354
Effects of Melatonin Implants in White-Tailed Deer....Pages 355-355
Synchronization and Superovulation in Captive White-Tailed Deer....Pages 356-356
Studies on Superovulation and Embryo Recovery in Farmed Red and Fallow Deer....Pages 357-357
Real-time Ultrasonography for Pregnancy Diagnosis and Fetal Age Estimation in Red Deer from Conception to 40 Days’ Gestation....Pages 358-358
Front Matter....Pages 259-259
Breeding Performance of Female Chinese Muntjac Deer in England....Pages 359-359
Variation in Mating Systems of Fallow Deer in Relation to Ecology....Pages 360-360
Variation in Conception Dates in Black-Tailed Deer in Western Washington....Pages 361-361
Aspects of Placentation in White-Tailed Deer....Pages 362-362
Establishing Early Pregnancy by the Evaluation of the Serum Progesterone Level....Pages 363-363
Circadian and Circannual Melatonin Secretion in Finnish Semidomesticated Reindeer....Pages 364-364
Front Matter....Pages 366-366
Application of Biochemical Genetics to Deer Management: What the Gels Tell....Pages 367-383
DNA Probes for Identification of Cervidae....Pages 384-389
Prenatal Reproductive Losses in White-Tailed Deer....Pages 390-397
Genetic Variability and Secondary Productivity....Pages 398-398
Effect of Social Structure on Genetic Structure of White-Tailed Deer in the Central Adirondack Mountains....Pages 399-399
Establishment of Mesopotamia Fallow Deer in New Zealand and Their Hybridization with European Fallow Deer....Pages 400-400
Hybridization of Père David’s and Red Deer....Pages 401-401
Genetic Variation, Parentage Testing, and Hybrid Identification in New Zealand Red Deer....Pages 402-402
Importance of Habitat Considerations in Interpreting Electrophoretic Data for White-Tailed Deer Populations....Pages 403-403
Front Matter....Pages 406-406
Nutritional in Relation to Season, Lactation, and Growth of North Temperate Deer....Pages 407-417
Reevaluation of the Basal Metabolic Cycle in White-Tailed Deer....Pages 418-422
Nutritional Strategies and Winter Survival of European Roe Deer in Norway....Pages 423-428
A Pattern of Plasma Potassium Concentrations in Adult Red Deer Stags....Pages 429-435
Indigestible Particulate Passage in White-Tailed Deer....Pages 436-442
Front Matter....Pages 406-406
Effects of Thyroidectomy on Seasonal Patterns of Live Weight, Testicular Function, Antler Development, and Molting in Red Deer....Pages 443-449
Volatile Fatty Acids, pH, Dry Matter, and Lactic Acid of the Rumen Contents of Sika Deer....Pages 450-452
Importance of Copper Supplementation in Farmed Red Deer....Pages 453-455
Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Intake on Body Reserve Deposition and Milk Production in Caribou and Reindeer....Pages 456-456
A Bioenergetics Model for Evaluating the Quality of Moose Winter Habitats....Pages 457-457
Effects of Supplemental Feeding on White-Tailed Deer Migration in Wisconsin....Pages 458-458
Voluntary Feed Intake and Digestion in Farmed Red Deer Stags: A Comparison with Goats and Sheep....Pages 459-459
Fatty Acid Composition in the Bone Marrow Fats of Cervidae....Pages 460-460
Urine Sampling Techniques for Semidomesticated Reindeer....Pages 461-461
Annual Periodicity of Total Blood Thyroxine (T 4 ) in Male Fallow Deer: Problems and Experiences....Pages 462-462
Seasonal Differences in Pasture Species Preferences by Red and Fallow Deer in New Zealand....Pages 463-463
In vitro Digestability of Fall Forages by Coexisting Deer Species in Texas....Pages 464-464
Biomechanics and Ecological Application of Escape Gaits by White-Tailed Deer, Mule Deer, and Their Hybrids....Pages 465-465
Intake Digestion, and Passage Kinetics of Two Ruminants....Pages 466-466
Value of “Hobble Creek” Mountain Big Sagebrush as a Winter Forage for Mule Deer....Pages 467-467
Front Matter....Pages 469-469
Recent Advances in the Physiological Control of Velvet Antler Growth....Pages 471-486
Antler Growth Patterns in Young Red Deer Stags....Pages 487-492
Antler Growth in Male and Female Reindeer Calves Occurs in the Absence of the Gonads....Pages 493-498
Seasonal Regulation of the Sexual Cycle and Antler Growth in Roe Deer: Evidence for an Endogenous Rhythm....Pages 499-504
Antler Growth in Roe Deer: Effects of Casting and Correlations with Growth Hormone and Insulin Like Growth Factor I....Pages 505-510
Front Matter....Pages 469-469
Studies on Cells Derived from Growing Deer Antler....Pages 511-519
Antler Cycles of a White-Tailed Deer with Congenital Anophthalmia....Pages 520-524
State of Determination of the Antlerogenic Tissues with Special Reference to Double-head Formation....Pages 525-531
Investigation of Endocrine Parameters in Chital Deer in Relation to Their Antler Cycle....Pages 532-532
Antler Growth in Red Deer Stags Implanted with an Antiandrogen....Pages 533-533
Artificial Production of Three-Antlered Red Deer Stags....Pages 534-534
Influence of Ecological Factors on the Development of Sika Deer Antlers....Pages 535-535
Production of 1,25(OH)2D by Deer Antler Cells....Pages 536-536
Front Matter....Pages 537-537
Commercialization of Wildlife: A Value-Added Incentive for Conservation....Pages 539-553
Deer Ranching for Products and Paid Hunting: Threat to Conservation and Biodiversity by Luxury Markets....Pages 554-561
Front Matter....Pages 563-563
Biology of Seasonal Breeding in Deer....Pages 565-574
Front Matter....Pages 575-575
Workshops....Pages 577-589
Back Matter....Pages 591-596