The Biology of Ascidians

Front Matter....Pages II-XXVII
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Structural and Molecular Investigations on the Egg Coat in Phallusia mammillata ....Pages 3-8
Analysis of the Self-sterility in Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 9-13
Further Observations on the Molecular Bases of Gamete Self-discrimination in Ciona intestinalis : Seasonal Variation of Self-sterility Rate....Pages 14-17
Self-nonself Recognition and Lysin System in Fertilization of the Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 18-23
Fertilization-induced Glycosidase Release and Interspecific Sperm Competition in Ascidians....Pages 24-29
Cell Signaling in Ascidian Sperm: Upstream and Downstream of Internal Calcium Release....Pages 30-35
Sperm-triggered Calcium Oscillations at Fertilization....Pages 36-46
Diversity of Calcium Channels Involved in Meiosis Resumption of Ascidian Oocytes....Pages 47-53
Ascidian Sperm Acrosin and Spermosin: Structures and Roles in Fertilization....Pages 54-59
Acrosome Differentiation in Ciona intestinalis Spermatozoa and Some Speculations on Ascidian Fertilization....Pages 60-66
Follicle Cells of Styela plicata Eggs (Ascidiacea)....Pages 67-73
High Level of Protein Ubiquitination in Ascidian Sperm....Pages 74-79
Calcium Transients Signal Ooplasmic Segregation through the Small GTPase rho in Ascidian Eggs....Pages 80-85
Cell Signalings for Activation of Motility and Chemotaxis in the Sperm of Ciona ....Pages 86-91
Roles of MLCK and PI3 Kinase on Deformationand Ooplasmic Segregation at Fertilization in the Egg of Ciona savignyi ....Pages 92-96
Identification of Phallusia mammillata Egg β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase with a Potential Role in Prevention of Polyspermy....Pages 97-101
The “Complex” Ascidiosperm of Aplousobranchs....Pages 102-105
Front Matter....Pages 107-107
The Origin of Germ Cells in Ciona intestinalis ....Pages 109-116
Oocyte Maturation and Self-sterility by Treatment with Ovary Extracts of the Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 117-124
Induction of Gamete Release by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in Ciona intestinalis ....Pages 125-130
Front Matter....Pages 107-107
Light Regulated GnRH Neurons in Biological Clock for Reproduction in the Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 131-136
Tailbud Embryogenesis and the Development of the Neurohypophysis in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis ....Pages 137-141
The Peripheral Nervous System of an Ascidian Revealed by AChE Activity....Pages 142-146
Heterotrimeric G Protein α and β Subunit Genes of the Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 147-152
Photoresponse and Habituation of Swimming Behavior of Ascidian Larvae, Ciona intestinalis ....Pages 153-157
Multiple cis -Regulatory Regions Control Neuronal Gene Expression of Synaptotagmin in Ascidian Embryos....Pages 158-161
Front Matter....Pages 163-163
Maternal Genetic Information Stored in Fertilized Eggs of the Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 165-177
RNA-binding Proteins In Ascidian Development....Pages 178-185
Functional Analysis of Ciona intestinalis Y-box Protein....Pages 186-192
 Ci-sna cis -Regulation of Ascidian Tail Muscle Genes....Pages 193-201
T-box Genes and the Development of Axial Tissues in Ciona intestinalis ....Pages 202-205
Cloning and Embryonic Expression of HrzicN , a Zic Family Gene of the Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 206-210
Analysis of a cis-Regulatory Element of Hroth , the Ascidian Homologue of the otx Genes, That Drives Its Transcription in the Anterior Larval Central Nervous System of the Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 211-214
Comparison of the Structure and Expression of otx Genes between Ciona intestinalis and Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 215-218
Phylogeny of the Urochordates: Implications for Chordate Evolution....Pages 219-224
Evolution of Anural Development in Ascidians: Role of Muscle-specific Differentiation Genes....Pages 225-229
Maximum Direct Development and the Ascidiotypic Stage....Pages 230-234
The Origin of the Neural Crest and Insights into Evolution of the Vertebrate Face....Pages 235-240
Participation of Neurotransmitters and Adrenergic Receptor in the Metamorphosis of Ascidian Larvae....Pages 241-245
Front Matter....Pages 247-247
A Global Overview of Ascidian Introductions and Their Possible Impact on the Endemic Fauna....Pages 249-257
Front Matter....Pages 247-247
Settlement and Metamorphosis of the Tropical Ascidian Herdmania curvata ....Pages 258-263
Ascidians in Brazil: The State of the Art of Research in Taxonomy, Ecology and Natural Products....Pages 264-270
The Biological Substratum Eudistoma carolinense Van Name, 1945 in the Beach Itapema do Norte, Santa Catarina, Brazil....Pages 271-277
Ascidians of South Africa: A Historical Perspective....Pages 278-282
Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Boltenia echinata iburi (OKA, 1934)....Pages 283-289
Front Matter....Pages 291-291
Molecular and Cellular Advantage of Transdifferentiation System for Asexual Reproduction of the Tunicate, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis ....Pages 293-299
Molecular Bases of Bud Development in Ascidians....Pages 300-304
Laboratory Studies of Mating in the Aplousobranch Diplosoma listerianum ....Pages 305-310
Environmental Effect on the Reproductive Effort of Botryllus schlosseri ....Pages 311-314
Phylogeny of Botryllid Ascidians....Pages 315-320
Epithelial Differentiation in the Dorsal Strand of a Budding Ascidian, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis (Protochordata, Ascidiacea)....Pages 321-331
Front Matter....Pages 333-333
Lumichrome Is a Putative Intrinsic Substance Inducing Larval Metamorphosis in the Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 335-340
Biological Activity and Chemistry of the Compound Ascidian Eusynstyela tincta ....Pages 341-354
Aquaculture of Ecteinascidia turbinata Herdman, 1880 as Source of Marine Anticancer Agents....Pages 355-360
Front Matter....Pages 361-361
The Mechanism of Accumulation and Reduction of Vanadium by Ascidians....Pages 363-373
Immunotoxicity in Ascidians: the Case of Organotin Compounds....Pages 374-379
Front Matter....Pages 381-381
Immunodefense in Tunicates: Cells and Molecules....Pages 383-394
Immunological Activity of Ascidian Hemocytes....Pages 395-401
Identification of Type I and IX Collagens in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis ....Pages 402-407
Primitive Complement System of the Solitary Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 408-413
Front Matter....Pages 381-381
Aggregation, Tyrosine Phosphorylation, and Gene Expression in Hemocytes of the Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 414-418
Common Cell Surface Ligands Functioning in Allogeneic Cytotoxic Reaction and Fertilization in Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 419-425
Allorecognition and Microsatellite Allele Polymorphism of Botryllus schlosseri from the Adriatic Sea....Pages 426-435
Isolation of Marine Birnavirus from Sea Squirts Halocynthia roretzi ....Pages 436-441
Colony Specificity in Botrylloides leachi (Savigny): Preliminary Reports....Pages 442-444
The Viriform Cell of Halocynthia roretzi : Fine Structure, Distribution, and Appearance....Pages 445-449
Hemopoiesis in Solitary Ascidians....Pages 450-453
Front Matter....Pages 455-455
Antioxidant Activity of Quinone-derivatives from Freeze-dried Powder of the Ascidians....Pages 457-462
Gastroprotective Effect of Ascidian, Halocynthia aurantium (Akaboya), Extract on Acute Gastric Hemorrhagic Lesions in Rats....Pages 463-466
Back Matter....Pages 467-470