The Architect in Practice

The Architect in Practice......Page 3
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 15
Note......Page 17
Acknowledgements......Page 19
Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 21
Part 1 Practice......Page 27
1.2 Significance of the construction industry......Page 29
1.3 A changing industry......Page 30
1.4 Clients......Page 32
1.5 Contractors......Page 33
1.6.1 Architects......Page 35
1.6.2 Quantity surveyors/cost managers......Page 37
1.6.3 Other consultants......Page 38
1.7 Clerk of works......Page 39
1.8.1 Professional organisations......Page 40
1.8.3 Manufacturers trade associations......Page 41
1.8.4 Other organisations......Page 42
References and notes......Page 47
2.1.1 Key skills......Page 48
2.1.2 Overview......Page 49
2.2.1 RIBA......Page 50
2.2.2 ARB......Page 51
2.2.3 RIAI......Page 53
2.2.4 Other professional bodies......Page 54
2.3.1 UK and Ireland......Page 55
2.3.2 European directive......Page 56
2.3.3 Training models......Page 57
2.3.4 Credit allocation and credit transfer systems......Page 58
2.3.5 The Criteria......Page 59
2.3.6 Modes of learning......Page 60
2.5.2 Prescription of courses in the UK by ARB......Page 62
2.5.3 Validation of courses by the RIBA, in the UK and Overseas......Page 63
2.5.4 Accreditation of courses in Ireland......Page 64
2.5.5 The CAA validation processes......Page 66
2.6.1 Registration......Page 67
2.7.1 Criteria......Page 68
2.8.1 Practising in Egypt......Page 69
2.8.2 Practising in Nigeria......Page 70
2.8.3 Practising in Malaysia......Page 71
2.9.1 General......Page 72
2.10.2 The standards......Page 73
2.11.2 Principle 1: Integrity......Page 79
2.11.4 Principle 3: Relationships......Page 80
2.13.1 General......Page 81
2.13.3 The RIBA and CPD......Page 82
References and notes......Page 83
3.1 Introduction......Page 85
3.2 Private practice......Page 86
3.3 Local authority......Page 88
3.4 Other public sector organisations......Page 89
3.6 Contractors......Page 90
3.7 Manufacturers......Page 91
3.8 Academia......Page 92
3.9 Other specialisation......Page 93
3.10 Adjudicator, arbitrator or expert witness......Page 94
References and notes......Page 95
4.1.1 Self-assessment......Page 97
4.1.3 Answering advertisements......Page 100
4.1.4 The speculative approach......Page 101
4.1.5 Contacts......Page 103
4.1.6 Career history and CV......Page 104
4.1.7 The application form......Page 105
4.1.8 Before the interview......Page 108
4.1.9 The interview......Page 110
4.2 Acceptable job titles......Page 114
4.3.1 Employed or self-employed?......Page 115
4.3.3 Written statement......Page 117
4.4 Job description......Page 118
4.5 Hours of work......Page 119
4.6 Overtime......Page 121
4.7 Salary......Page 122
4.8 Benefits......Page 123
4.9 Professional activities......Page 124
4.10 Expenses......Page 125
4.11.1 Antenatal care and maternity leave......Page 126
4.11.2 Paternity leave......Page 127
4.11.5 Leave for public duties......Page 128
4.12 Disciplinary and grievance procedure......Page 129
4.13 Notice and dismissal......Page 130
4.14 Spare time practice......Page 131
4.16 Discrimination......Page 133
References and notes......Page 135
5.1 Sole principal......Page 136
5.2.1 Partnership......Page 137
5.2.3 Limited liability partnerships......Page 142
5.3.1 Unlimited liability company......Page 143
5.3.2 Private limited liability company......Page 144
5.3.3 Public company......Page 146
5.5 Group practice......Page 147
5.6 Developer/architect/contractor......Page 148
References and notes......Page 149
6.2 The decision......Page 150
6.3 Timing......Page 151
6.4 Practical points to decide......Page 152
6.5 Business plan......Page 157
6.6 Enlarging the practice......Page 158
References and notes......Page 160
7.1 Objectives......Page 161
7.2 Leadership......Page 162
7.3.2 Certainty......Page 163
7.4 Delegation......Page 164
7.5 Motivation......Page 165
References and notes......Page 166
8.2.1 Telephones......Page 167
8.2.2 Facsimile (fax) and e-mails......Page 169
8.3 Information technology......Page 170
8.4 Letter writing......Page 171
8.5 Reports......Page 172
8.6.1 Correspondence and reports......Page 173
8.8 Drawing office practice......Page 175
8.8.1 Dimensions......Page 177
8.9.1 Information modelling......Page 179
8.10 Presentation......Page 180
8.12 Work programming......Page 181
8.13.1 Basic library......Page 182
8.13.2 Classification and proprietary systems......Page 184
8.13.4 Selected project records and feedback......Page 185
8.13.5 Legaladministrative......Page 187
References and notes......Page 191
9.1.1 RIBA Chartered Practice scheme......Page 194
9.1.2 Architects signboards......Page 195
9.2 Brochure......Page 196
9.3 Website......Page 197
9.4 Social media......Page 198
9.6 Contacts......Page 199
9.7 Competitions......Page 200
9.9 Retaining clients and recommendations......Page 201
References and notes......Page 202
10.1 Introduction......Page 203
10.2 Premises and contents......Page 205
10.3 Public liability......Page 206
10.5 Professional indemnity......Page 207
10.6 Latent defects insurance......Page 209
References and notes......Page 210
11.3 Profit and loss account......Page 211
11.4 Balance sheet......Page 212
11.6 Liabilities......Page 214
11.7 Capital......Page 215
11.8 Cash-flow forecasting and budgeting......Page 216
11.11 Value added tax (VAT)......Page 217
11.13 Annual accounts/auditing......Page 218
11.14 Staff time records......Page 219
References and notes......Page 221
Part 2 Running a Project......Page 223
12.1 Sequential framework and Plan of Work......Page 225
12.2 The Plan of Work explained......Page 228
12.3 Building Information Modelling (BIM)......Page 234
12.5 Green principles......Page 235
12.6 Green overlay to the Plan of Work......Page 236
12.7 New words and phrases......Page 237
References and notes......Page 238
13.1 Introduction......Page 240
13.2 Scope of services......Page 241
13.2.1 Type of services......Page 244
13.3 Determination of the fee......Page 259
13.3.1 Percentage charges......Page 260
13.3.2 Time charges......Page 261
13.3.3 Lump sum charges......Page 262
13.3.5 Project teams......Page 263
13.3.6 Work to existing buildings......Page 264
13.3.8 Expenses......Page 265
13.4.1 The basic contract......Page 266
13.4.2 The effect of the Construction Act......Page 267
13.5 Consultants......Page 269
13.6 Project managers......Page 271
References and notes......Page 274
14.1 Standard forms of agreement......Page 276
14.2 Standard Agreement 2010 (2012 revision): Architect......Page 277
14.2.1 Schedules: project data......Page 280
14.2.2 The Services schedule......Page 283
14.2.3 The fees and expenses schedule......Page 284
14.2.4 The standard conditions......Page 285
14.2.5 Other standard forms of appointment......Page 305
14.3 Duty of care agreements (collateral warranties)......Page 306
14.3.1 General......Page 308
14.3.2 Execution......Page 309
14.3.5 Materials......Page 310
14.3.8 Professional indemnity insurance......Page 311
14.3.9 Funders......Page 312
References and notes......Page 313
15.1 Feasibility studies......Page 314
15.2 Site and building acquisition......Page 319
15.3.1 Preliminary enquiries......Page 321
15.3.2 Site investigation......Page 322
15.3.4 Surveys of existing buildings......Page 323
15.4 The brief......Page 327
15.5 Reporting......Page 328
References and notes......Page 329
16.1 Design data......Page 330
16.2 Concept design and its development......Page 331
16.3 Cost estimates and planning......Page 332
16.4 Procurement paths and implications for the professional......Page 333
16.4.1 Traditional......Page 334
16.4.3 Design and build......Page 335
16.4.4 Design and manage......Page 339
16.4.5 Management contracting......Page 340
16.5 Contract selection and implications......Page 343
16.6 Guaranteed maximum price......Page 346
16.7 PFI Contracts......Page 348
16.8 Partnering......Page 349
References and notes......Page 351
17.1 General......Page 353
17.2.1 The administration of planning control......Page 354
17.2.2 Legislation in England......Page 356
17.2.3 Development plans in England......Page 358
17.2.4 New style of development plans in England......Page 359
17.2.5 Development management......Page 360
17.2.6 Making a planning application......Page 362
17.2.7 The prior approval regime......Page 373
17.2.8 The historic environment......Page 374
17.2.9 Developer contributions......Page 375
17.2.10 Appeals......Page 376
17.2.11 Remedies......Page 378
17.4.1 Boundaries......Page 379
17.4.2 Party walls......Page 380
17.4.4 Trespass......Page 383
17.4.5 Nuisance......Page 384
17.4.6 Rights of light......Page 385
17.4.7 Easements......Page 386
References and notes......Page 387
18.1 Technical design......Page 389
18.2.2 Drawings......Page 392
18.3.1 General......Page 395
18.3.2 Notification......Page 397
18.3.3 Commencement, completion, etc.......Page 400
18.3.5 Fire precautions......Page 402
18.3.6 Energy performance certificate......Page 403
18.3.7 Further legislation......Page 404
References and notes......Page 405
19.1 Introduction......Page 406
19.2 Co-ordinated project information......Page 407
19.3.2 Preparation of quantities......Page 409
19.3.3 Standard methods of measurement......Page 411
19.3.4 Provisional sums......Page 412
19.3.6 Specification notes......Page 414
19.3.7 Corrections to drawings......Page 415
19.4.3 The specification as a basis for tenders......Page 416
19.4.4 The specification for the quantity surveyor......Page 417
19.4.7 National building specification......Page 418
19.7.1 Procedure in preparing a tender......Page 419
19.7.2 Documents for tendering......Page 420
19.7.3 Selection of contractors......Page 421
19.7.5 Sending out documents......Page 422
19.7.7 Reporting of tenders......Page 425
19.7.8 Examination of a priced bills of quantities......Page 426
19.7.9 Reductions......Page 427
19.7.11 Negotiated tenders......Page 428
19.8 Preparing the contract documents......Page 429
References and notes......Page 430
20.1 Contractors programme......Page 431
20.2 Meetings......Page 434
20.2.2 Client meetings......Page 435
20.2.4 Site meetings......Page 436
20.2.6 Conduct of a meeting......Page 437
20.3 Site inspections......Page 439
20.4 Safety......Page 440
20.5 Architects instructions and variations......Page 441
20.6.1 General......Page 444
20.6.3 Valuing variations......Page 446
20.7.1 General......Page 448
20.8 Workmanship and materials......Page 449
20.9.1 Responsibility for certificates......Page 452
20.9.2 Method of valuation......Page 453
20.9.3 Unfixed materials......Page 455
20.9.4 Sub-contractors......Page 456
20.9.6 Retention sum......Page 457
20.9.9 Release of final balance......Page 458
20.9.10 Form of certificate......Page 460
20.10 Delays and extensions of time......Page 461
20.11 Financial claims......Page 464
20.12.3 Frustration......Page 466
20.12.5 Termination under the contract......Page 467
References and notes......Page 469
21.1 Practical completion......Page 472
21.2 Rectification period......Page 477
21.3 Adjustment of contract sum......Page 480
21.4 Final certificate......Page 483
References and notes......Page 487
22.1 Review of project......Page 489
22.2 Architects review......Page 490
22.3 Client review......Page 492
References and notes......Page 493
Table of Cases......Page 494
Index......Page 499
EULA......Page 512