The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj: Merchants, Rulers, and the British in the Nineteenth-Century Gulf (Oxford Historical Monographs)

Contents......Page 10
List of Maps, Tables, and Figures......Page 14
List of Photos......Page 16
Abbreviations......Page 17
Glossary......Page 19
Conventions, Terminology, and Transliteration......Page 32
Acknowledgements......Page 33
1. The Subject......Page 38
2. The Sources......Page 42
3. Overview......Page 44
I. EMPIRE......Page 46
2. British India’s Informal Empire and Spheres of Influence in Asia and Africa......Page 48
2. The origins of the residency system, 1613–1763......Page 49
3. The politicization and expansion of the residency system, 1764–1947......Page 51
4. The residency system and Britain’s Indian Empire......Page 57
5. Imperialism and the strategy of informal empire......Page 66
6. The Indian Political Service (IPS), 1764–1947......Page 75
7. Early British involvement in the Gulf, 1616–1822......Page 80
8. Britain’s Political Residency in the Gulf, 1822–1971......Page 81
9. Britain’s Native Agency in Bahrain, c.1816–1900......Page 91
10. Conclusion......Page 94
II. AGENTS OF EMPIRE......Page 96
3. British India’s Native Agency System in Asia......Page 98
1. British India’s native agency system in Asia......Page 99
2. British India’s native agency system in the Gulf......Page 101
3. British motives for employing native agents......Page 103
4. Robinson’s theory of collaboration......Page 108
5. The Indian origins of the native agency system......Page 111
6. The politicization of the native agency system in India and the Gulf......Page 117
7. Early native agents in the Gulf......Page 120
8. The establishment of the native agency system in the Gulf......Page 128
9. Advantages for the British......Page 130
10. Disadvantages for the British......Page 134
11. Advantages and disadvantages for the native agents......Page 137
12. Conclusion......Page 140
1. The Agency building......Page 141
2. The Agency’s finances and organization......Page 143
3. The Agent’s intelligence-gathering duties, c.1816–1900......Page 145
4. The Agent’s judicial duties, 1861–1900......Page 156
5. The Agent’s political duties, 1872–1900......Page 164
6. The Agent’s social duties......Page 169
7. Conclusion......Page 171
5. British India’s Native Agents in Bahrain......Page 173
1. The Banias, c.1816–34......Page 174
2. The Safar family agents......Page 180
3. Mirza Muhammad Ali Safar, 1834–42......Page 188
4. Hajji Jasim (Hajji Abu’l Qasim), 1842–62......Page 190
5. Hajji Ibrahim bin Muhsin bin Rajab, 1862–4......Page 192
6. Years of abeyance, 1865–71......Page 194
7. Hajji Abd al-Nabi Khan Safar, 1872–84......Page 198
8. Hajji Ahmad Khan Safar, 1884–91......Page 201
10. Agha Muhammad Rahim Safar, 1893–1900......Page 203
11. Hajji Abbas bin Muhammad bin Fadhil, 1900......Page 206
12. The Native Agency staff after 1900......Page 209
13. Challenges to the agents, 1834–97......Page 211
14. Conclusion......Page 224
1. The rift in agent–ruler relations, 1895–1900......Page 230
2. The Agent’s Conflict of interest between trade and politics, 1897–9......Page 233
3. The argument for a political agency, 1897–9......Page 241
4. The transition to a political agency, 1899–1900......Page 251
5. Conclusion......Page 254
7. Conclusion: The Arabian Frontier of the Indian Empire......Page 257
1. British India’s residency system, 1880s......Page 266
2. Persia Agency, 1616–1763......Page 269
3. Basrah Agency, 1763–1914 (responsible for the Gulf during 1763–78)......Page 270
4. Bushire Residency, 1778–1822......Page 271
5. Lower Gulf Agency, 1820–2......Page 272
6. Gulf Residency, 1822–78......Page 273
7. Gulf Residency, 1878–1946, and the Consulate-General for Fars, 1878–1946......Page 275
8. Gulf Residency, 1946–71......Page 277
9. Britain’s native agents in the Gulf, c.1758–1958......Page 278
10. Gulf Residency staff, 1834......Page 279
11. Gulf Residency staff (Persian Coast and Islands only), 1869......Page 282
12. Gulf Residency staff budget (Bushire HQ), 1899......Page 289
13. Muscat Agency staff budget, 1901......Page 292
14. Gulf Residency complete budget, 1899......Page 294
15. Graded officers serving in political residencies, 1877......Page 297
16. British military establishments in the Gulf......Page 298
1. Rulers of Bahrain......Page 301
2. Residents in Bushire......Page 302
3. Agents for the Lower Gulf (Qishm Island)......Page 303
4. Political Residents in the Gulf (Bushire)......Page 304
5. Political Residents in the Gulf (Ras al-Jufair, Bahrain)......Page 308
6. Governors of Bombay......Page 309
7. Viceroys of India......Page 310
Appendix C: British India’s Native Agents in Bahrain......Page 312
1. Native Agents......Page 313
2. Native Agency staff......Page 315
3. British Indian Steam Navigation Co. Agents (Gray Paul & Co.)......Page 317
4. Gulf Merchant grades......Page 318
Appendix D: British Control: Bahrain v. the Indian States......Page 321
Appendix E: Anglo–Bahraini Legal Obligations and Rights......Page 322
Bibliography......Page 330
B......Page 380
C......Page 383
F......Page 384
G......Page 385
I......Page 386
K......Page 387
M......Page 388
N......Page 389
P......Page 390
S......Page 391
Z......Page 393