The Andaman Islands and Adjoining Offshore: Geology, Tectonics and Palaeoclimate (Society of Earth Scientists Series)

Series Editor Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Andaman Ophiolite: An Overview
	1 Introduction
	2 What Are the First Order Findings?
		2.1 Contrasting Mantle Rocks
		2.2 Volcanic Rocks
	3 Discussion
		3.1 Age of the Ophiolite?
		3.2 Emplacement Mechanism?
	4 Conclusion
	References
Timing of Formation and Obduction of the Andaman Ophiolite
	1 Introduction
	2 Geology and Samples
	3 Analytical Methods
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Facies Stacking of a Deep Sea Depositional Lobe: Case Study from Palaeogene Andaman Flysch, South Andaman Islands, India
	1 Introduction
	2 Geologic Setting and Tectonic Background
	3 Methods and Terminology
	4 Facies Analysis of Andaman Flysch at South Point
	5 Architectural Elements
	6 Discussion: Dynamic Stratigraphy and Stacking Patterns
	7 Conclusions
	References
Spatial Variation in the Composition of Andaman Flysch Across the Andaman Islands in Relation to Source of Sediments and Tectonics
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting and Tectonic Background
	3 Samples and Methods
	4 Description of Lithotypes
		4.1 Conglomerate
		4.2 Pebbly Sandstone
		4.3 Medium- to Coarse-Grained Sandstone
		4.4 Coarse Siltstone to Medium-Grained Sandstone
		4.5 Siltstone to Fine-Grained Sandstone
		4.6 Heterolithics
		4.7 Shale
	5 Ternary Q-F-L Plot
	6 Distinction Between Mithakari Formation and Andaman Flysch
	7 Geochemical Characteristics of Flysch Samples
		7.1 Major Elements
		7.2 Trace Elements
	8 Interpretations of Major and Trace Elements Data
	9 Discussion
	10 Conclusions
	References
Tracing the Sources and Depositional Pathways for the Oligocene Sediments in the Andaman Forearc
	1 Introduction
	2 Geology and Earlier Work
	3 Samples and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Provenance of Andaman Flysch Sediments
		4.2 Sediment Transport to the Andaman Basin
	5 Conclusions
	References
Seismicity, Lithospheric Structure and Mantle Deformation in the Andaman Nicobar Subduction Zone
	1 Introduction
	2 Seismic Attenuation and Crustal Heterogeneities
	3 Seismic Image of the ANSZ Using Receiver Functions
		3.1 Variable Crustal Character Along the Andaman Arc
		3.2 Evidence for Tearing in the Subducting Slab
	4 Deformation Scenario in the ANSZ
		4.1 Seismic Anisotropy in Subduction Zones
		4.2 Dominance of Arc Parallel Anisotropy in the Overriding Crust
		4.3 Evidence for 3D-Flow in the Mantle Wedge
		4.4 Correlation Between Slab Dip and Subslab Anisotropy
	5 Overview
	References
Lithospheric Framework of Sumatra–Andaman Subduction Zone—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Geology, Tectonic and Seismicity
		2.1 Tectonics of Sumatra–Andaman Subduction Zone
		2.2 Ninety East Ridge (NER)
		2.3 Fore-Arc
		2.4 Volcanic-Arc
		2.5 Back-Arc
		2.6 Seismicity
	3 Lithospheric Structure and Its Geodynamic Implications
	4 Summary
	References
Crustal Model for the Andaman Outer Arc: Constraints from Earthquake, Gravity and Receiver Function Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Digital Elevation Map in Relationship to Seismicity Below the Andaman Outer Arc
	3 Integrated Crustal Model for the Andaman Outer Arc
	4 Receiver Function Analysis for the Andaman Outer Arc—Inferred Values on Crustal Density, Poisson’s Ratio and Thickness
	5 Integrated Crustal Model for the Andaman Outer Arc
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
Geomagnetic Deep Sounding in Andaman Islands
	1 Introduction
	2 Geology and Tectonics of Andaman Region
	3 Data Collection and Processing
		3.1 Principle of Geomagnetic Deep Sounding
		3.2 Induction Arrows
		3.3 Frequency Characteristics of Observed Induction Arrows
		3.4 Hypothetical Event Technique
	4 Thin Sheet Modeling for Island Effect
	5 2D Modeling
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
On the Trail of the Great 2004 Andaman-Sumatra Earthquake: Seismotectonics and Regional Tsunami History from the Andaman-Nicobar Segment
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Seismotectonics
	3 Pre-2004 Earthquakes and Tsunamis
	4 Pre- and Post-2004 Deformation of the Outer Arc Prior to 2004
	5 Coseismic Deformation
	6 Post-2004 Wharton Basin Seismicity
		6.1 The 2005 and 2010 Car Nicobar Earthquakes
		6.2 The 2012 Wharton Basin Earthquake
		6.3 The 2016 Wharton Basin Earthquake
	7 Tsunami History: Records from the Andaman-Nicobar Islands
		7.1 Tsunami Chronology
	8 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
A Glimpse of Crustal Deformation Through Earthquake Supercycle in the Andaman Region Using GPS Measurements
	1 Introduction
	2 Interseismic GPS Measurements, Prior to the 2004 Earthquake
	3 Coseismic Deformation Due to the 2004 Sumatra Andaman Earthquake
	4 Postseismic Deformation of the 2004 Earthquake
	5 Simulation of Postseismic Deformation Due to 2004 Sumatra Earthquake
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Tectonics of the Andaman Backarc Basin—Present Understanding and Some Outstanding Questions
	1 Introduction
	2 Tectonic Setting
	3 Morphotectonics
	4 Seismicity
	5 Crustal Architecture
	6 Absence of Magnetic Anomalies
	7 Discussion
	8 Backarc Spreading
	9 Volcanic Arc
	10 Types of Crust in the Andaman Backarc Basin
	11 Concluding Remarks
	References
Miocene to Pleistocene Palaeoceanography of the Andaman Region: Evolution of the Indian Monsoon on a Warmer-Than-Present Earth
	1 Introduction
	2 Neogene Sedimentary Archives of the Andaman Region: A Key to Reconstruct the Indian Palaeomonsoon
	3 Modern (Late Pleistocene to Recent) Oceanographic and Climatic Setting
		3.1 The Andaman Area and SE Asian Margin of Burma: A Core Area of Indian Monsoon Precipitation
		3.2 Circulation and Water Mass Properties in the Andaman Sea
	4 Materials and Methods
		4.1 Coring and Sampling Strategy
		4.2 Benthic Foraminiferal Isotopes
	5 Neogene Seismic Stratigraphy and Initial Drilling Results from the Andaman Forearc Basin
		5.1 Upper Miocene to Pleistocene Sediment Sequence
		5.2 Middle to Late Miocene Unconformity
		5.3 Enigmatic Middle Miocene Sediment Sequence
	6 Neogene Evolution of the Indian Monsoon
		6.1 Holocene Aridification Linked to Southward Shift of Inter-tropical Convergence Zone?
		6.2 Pleistocene Variability on Suborbital and Orbital Timescales
		6.3 Late Miocene-Pliocene Evolution of the Indian Monsoon
	7 Conclusions and Outlook
	References
Late Quaternary Chronostratigraphy, Carbonate Mass Accumulation Rates and Palaeoceanography of the Andaman Sea
	1 Introduction
	2 Studies on Carbonate Accumulation in the Andaman Sea
	3 Geological and Oceanographic Settings of the Andaman Sea
	4 Materials and Methods
		4.1 Mass Accumulation Rate
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Late Quaternary Chronostratigraphy of the Andaman Sea
		5.2 Record of MAR of Carbonate and Inferences on Productivity and ISM Variability
		5.3 Late Quaternary Terrigenous Input to the Andaman Sea
	6 Conclusions
	References
Mid to Late Holocene Reconstruction of the Southwest Monsoonal Shifts Based on a Marine Sediment Core, off the Landfall Island, Bay of Bengal
	1 Introduction
	2 The Study Area
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Provenance of the Mid-Holocene Marine Sediments
		5.2 Sediment Texture, CaCO3, OM, Stable Isotopes, Phytolith, Diatom and Nanoplankton Data
		5.3 Reconstruction of Palaeomonsoon and a Comparison with Other Records from the Region
	6 Conclusions
	References