The Ancient Human Occupation of Britain (Developments in Quaternary Science 14)

The Ancient Human Occupation of Britain......Page 1
Developments in Quaternary Science......Page 3
Editors......Page 4
ISBN: 978-0-444-53597-9......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Reference......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 12
The Changing Landscapes of the Earliest Human Occupation of Britain and Europe......Page 13
References......Page 20
Introduction......Page 23
Climate Change During the early Middle Pleistocene......Page 24
Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction During the early Middle Pleistocene......Page 25
Climates of the early Middle Pleistocene in Eastern England......Page 26
Group 1: Climates warmer than the present day......Page 27
Group 3: Temperate climates with evidence for conditions cooler than the present day......Page 29
Climate Cyclicity During the early Middle Pleistocene......Page 30
Summary......Page 31
References......Page 32
Introduction......Page 35
Diversity and Unity in Mode 3 Technologies......Page 66
Environmental Significance of Oxygen Isotopes in Terrestrial and Freshwater Carbonates......Page 36
Environmental Significance of Carbon Isotopes in Terrestrial and Freshwater Carbonates......Page 37
Maximum-Likelihood Estimation of Palaeoclimate Parameters......Page 294
Modern Soil Carbonates......Page 39
Freshwater Carbonates......Page 40
The Timing of Human Presence and the Palaeogeography of the Channel......Page 41
Pakefield......Page 42
West Runton......Page 43
Groundwater Carbonates from Clacton and West Stow......Page 44
Significance of the Stable Isotopic Composition of Hoxnian Carbonates......Page 45
Summary and Conclusions......Page 46
References......Page 47
Introduction......Page 51
Neandertal Ecology......Page 128
The early Middle Palaeolithic in Britain......Page 55
The Palaeogeography of Britain......Page 57
Acknowledgements......Page 60
Introduction......Page 65
Mode 3 Technology in Time and Space......Page 69
Roots and Developments......Page 70
Acknowledgements......Page 74
Introduction......Page 79
Dix\'s Pit, Stanton Harcourt......Page 80
The Middle Thames......Page 81
Late MIS 8-Early MIS 7......Page 107
Creffield Road, Acton......Page 83
The Lower Thames......Page 85
Baker\'s Hole and the Ebbsfleet Valley......Page 86
West Thurrock; Lion Pit Tramway Cutting......Page 89
Stoneham\'s Pit, Crayford......Page 91
Discussion......Page 94
References......Page 98
The Early Middle Palaeolithic: The European Context......Page 103
Introduction......Page 125
Methods......Page 104
Late MIS 9-MIS 8......Page 106
MIS 7......Page 108
Late MIS 7-Early MIS 6......Page 109
(Re)Colonisation of Northwest Europe During MIS 8......Page 112
Technological Practice in Northwest Europe......Page 115
The Lasting Adoption and Dominance of Levallois Flaking......Page 119
Acknowledgements......Page 120
References......Page 121
An Ecological Perspective: Definitions and Comparative Data......Page 127
Three Data Sets: Archaeology, Genetics and Comparative Studies......Page 130
Discussion......Page 131
References......Page 132
Introduction......Page 137
Middle Thames......Page 138
The `Red Lady of Paviland´......Page 140
MIS 5e Mammalian Faunas......Page 141
Coprolite Palynology and Implications for Early Human Environments......Page 285
MIS 7 Mammalian Faunas......Page 142
Molluscan Faunas......Page 143
Testing Human Presence and Absence......Page 144
Important Faunal Species......Page 148
Archaeology......Page 149
References......Page 168
The Beginning of the Late Pleistocene Record......Page 177
The Joint Mitnor Cave Mammal Assemblage-Zone......Page 178
The Later Parts of MIS 5 (the Bacon Hole Mammal Assemblage-Zone and the Banwell Bone Cave Mammal Assemblage-Zone)......Page 179
The Brean Down Mammal Assemblage-Zone......Page 182
The Pin Hole Mammal Assemblage-Zone......Page 183
The Dimlington Stadial......Page 185
The Gough\'s Cave Mammal Assemblage-Zone and the Lateglacial Interstadial......Page 186
Bioclimatic Niche Models......Page 295
References......Page 190
The British Earlier Upper Palaeolithic: Limitation of the Database and Questions......Page 193
Leaf-Point Industries......Page 196
Climate Data......Page 201
Evolved Aurignacian Presence in England and Wales......Page 206
Context of the Paviland Burin from Kent\'s Cavern......Page 209
The Early Gravettian......Page 219
Bone Pin from Kent\'s Cavern......Page 223
Kendrick\'s Cave......Page 253
Possible Long Hiatus in the British Sequence?......Page 226
Conclusions......Page 227
Acknowledgements......Page 228
References......Page 229
The Later Upper Palaeolithic Recolonisation of Britain: New Results from AMS Radiocarbon Dating......Page 235
Technological Considerations......Page 236
Sun Hole......Page 240
Gough\'s Cave......Page 242
Kent\'s Cavern......Page 245
King Arthur\'s Cave......Page 246
Creswell Crags......Page 248
Concluding Observations......Page 254
Introduction......Page 261
Extant Mammals......Page 263
Cannibalism at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Gough\'s Cave (Somerset, England)......Page 267
Comparison of butchery techniques at Boxgrove and Gough\'s Cave......Page 270
Discussion and Conclusion......Page 271
Acknowledgements......Page 272
Introduction......Page 275
Hyaenas and Coprolites......Page 276
Palynological Method......Page 278
Tornewton Cave, Devon......Page 280
West Runton......Page 282
Hyaena Coprolites as Sealed Contexts......Page 283
Taphonomic Pathways......Page 284
Conclusions......Page 286
Method of Wet Chemistry Determination of Calcium and Phosphorous......Page 287
References......Page 288
Introduction......Page 291
Materials and Methods......Page 292
Climate Envelopes and Bioclimatic Niche Models......Page 293
Hippo (H. amphibius)......Page 299
Non-Analogue Faunas: Geographic versus Climatic Disjunction......Page 300
Are the Climate Envelopes Accurate?......Page 304
Are Non-Analogue Faunas Temporally Mixed?......Page 305
Are Past Climate Envelopes the same as Present Ones?......Page 306
What Do Mammal Associations Say About Climate?......Page 307
Conclusions......Page 308
Gough\'s Cave......Page 310
Marsworth......Page 311
Hoxne......Page 312
References......Page 313
Subject Index\r......Page 317