The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World

Cover
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Maps
List of Boxes
Preface to the Sixth Edition
Note on Migration Statistics
The Age of Migration Website
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
	Migration in an age of globalization
	The growth and diversity of international migration
	Trends and patterns of global migration
	The challenges of international migration
	International migration in global governance
	Aims and argument of the book
	Structure of the book
2 Categories of Migration
	Defining migration and human mobility
	Internal and international migration
	Temporary and permanent migration
	Origin and destination
	Migration motives: Labour, family, study, business
	Forced migration: Refugees and asylum seekers
	Illegal, unauthorized, irregular, undocumented
	Smuggling and trafficking
	Climate refugees: The construction of a migration threat
	Conclusion
3 Theories of Migration
	Explaining the migratory process
	Functionalist theories
	Historical–structural theories
	Conceptualizing migratory agency
	Dual labour market
	New economics and household theory approaches
	Migration transition theories
	The aspirations-capabilities model
	The internal dynamics of migration processes
	Migration systems theory
	Conclusion
4 Migration, Ethnicity and Identity
	The formation of ethnic minorities
	Ethnicity
	Race and racism
	Gender and migration
	Culture and identity
	Transnationalism and diaspora formation
	State and nation
	Citizenship
	Conclusion
5 International Migration before 1945
	Migration during European imperialism
	Settlement and creolization
	Industrialization and trans-Atlantic migration
	Labour migration within Europe until 1914
	The interwar period: Protectionism, nativism and racism
	The Second World War, forced labour and genocide
	Conclusion
6 Migration in Europe since 1945
	Migration in the post-war boom (1945–1973)
	Settlement and the growth of dual labour markets (1973–1989)
	Migration during neoliberal globalization (1989–2008)
	Migration in the former Soviet space
	The EU and Schengen: Expansion and integration
	Southern European migration transitions
	The politicization of migration and the ‘global race for talent’
	Migration after 2008: Destination Europe
	Conclusion
7 Migration in the Americas
	Regional migration patterns
	America’s migration transition (1945–1973)
	The globalization of American immigration (1973–1989)
	An elusive quest for control? American migration since 1989
	Canada: A quintessential immigration country
	Social transformation and migration in Latin America
	Recent developments in the US: A backlash against diversity?
	Conclusion
8 Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region
	Colonial and post-colonial migration patterns
	The entry of Asia on the global migration stage (1973–1989)
	The globalization of Asian migration (1989–2008)
	The rise of Asian migration destinations
	Migration since 2008: Consolidation and expansion
	The changing geographies of Asia-Pacific migration
	Migration in Australia and New Zealand
	Conclusion
9 Migration in Africa and the Middle East
	The historical roots of contemporary African migrations
	Postcolonial and guestworker migration (1945–1973)
	Intraregional migration: Conflict, urbanization and economic transformation
	The rise of the Gulf as a global migration magnet (1973–1989)
	African migration in the post-Cold War era
	Social transformation, the Arab Spring and migration
	The entry of Africa on the global migration stage
	Conclusion
10 The State, Politics and Migration
	The exit revolution
	Migration, diplomacy and state power
	The securitization of migration
	The construction of an ‘Islamic threat’
	Is xenophobia really on the rise?
	Multilateral migration governance: A cul-de-sac?
	The European Union’s migration regime
	The international refugee regime
	Conclusion
11 The Evolution and Effectiveness of Migration Policies
	Migration policy categories
	The migration policy toolbox
	Between rhetoric and practice
	The liberalization of migration policies
	The liberal paradox
	Travel visas and the prevention of unwanted migration
	The enforcement challenge
	Legalization: Policy failure or policy tool?
	Unintended consequence of migration policies
	Conclusion
	Appendix: The migration policy toolbox
12 Migrants and Minorities in the Labour Force
	The social construction of labour needs
	The changing structure of labour demand
	Migrants in the labour market
	Migrant entrepreneurship
	The transformation of work
	The feminization of precarious work
	The chronic demand for migrant labour
	The continued importance of labour recruitment
	Conclusion
13 New Ethnic Minorities and Society
	Immigration policies and minority formation
	Residential segregation
	Migration and the global city
	Integration policies: A controversial issue
	Racism and minority formation
	Citizenship acquisition
	Linguistic and cultural rights
	Immigrants and nation
	Models of immigrant integration
	Conclusion
14 Migration and Development in Origin Societies
	The migration and development debate
	Remittances as development aid?
	The economic impacts of migration and remittances
	Brain drain or brain gain?
	Social remittances
	Reform as a condition for migration and development
	Policy implications
	Conclusion
15 Conclusion
	Future perspectives for global migration and mobility
	Improving international cooperation and governance
	Responding to irregular migration
	Legal migration and integration
	Ethnic diversity, social change and the nation state
Glossary
Bibliography
Index