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دسته بندی: ژنتیک ویرایش: نویسندگان: Kakoli Bose سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9811649863, 9789811649868 ناشر: Springer سال نشر: 2022 تعداد صفحات: 315 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 11 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Textbook on Cloning, Expression and Purification of Recombinant Proteins به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب کتاب درسی شبیه سازی، بیان و خالص سازی پروتئین های نوترکیب نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
این کتاب برای دانشجویان فارغ التحصیل و همچنین محققان
برای درک اصول زیست شناسی مولکولی و فناوری DNA نوترکیب بسیار
مفید است. این یک مرور کلی از رویکردهای مختلف برای سنتز
پروتئینهای نوترکیب از E. coli از جمله
شبیهسازی، بیان و خالصسازی آنها ارائه میکند. پیشرفت های
اخیر در ژنومیک، پروتئومیکس و بیوانفورماتیک استفاده از فناوری
DNA نوترکیب را برای ارزیابی خواص بیوفیزیکی و بیوشیمیایی
پروتئین های مختلف تسهیل کرده است. کتاب با فصلی مقدماتی در
مورد شبیهسازی ژن، بیان پروتئین و خالصسازی و کاربرد آن در
تحقیقات فعلی و کاربردهای تجاری شروع میشود. هر فصل مجموعه ای
شفاف از اصول، ابزارها و تکنیک ها را برای دانش آموزان و مربیان
ارائه می دهد. پروتکل های توصیف شده به درستی مثال زده شده اند
و تکنیک های عیب یابی برای کمک به درک بهتر گنجانده شده اند.
علاوه بر این، مجموعه سوالات در پایان هر فصل به طور خاص برای
کمک به یادگیری موثر تنظیم شده است.
This book is immensely useful for graduate students as
well as researchers to understand the basics of molecular
biology and Recombinant DNA Technology. It provides a
comprehensive overview of different approaches for the
synthesis of recombinant proteins from E.
coli including their cloning, expression and
purification. Recent advances in genomics, proteomics, and
bioinformatics have facilitated the use of Recombinant DNA
Technology for evaluating the biophysical and biochemical
properties of various proteins. The book starts with an
introductory chapter on gene cloning, protein expression and
purification and its implication in current research and
commercial applications. Each chapter provides a lucid set of
principles, tools and techniques for both students and
instructors. The protocols described have been aptly
exemplified, and troubleshooting techniques have been
included to aid better understanding. Moreover, the set of
questions at the end of each chapter have been particularly
formulated to help effective learning.
Preface Contents Editor and Contributors 1: A Brief Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology 1.1 Overview: Recombinant DNA Technology 1.2 Brief History of Recombinant DNA Technology 1.3 Tools in rDNA Technology 1.3.1 Restriction Enzymes in Cloning 1.3.2 Vectors 1.3.3 Competent Host Organism 1.4 Protein Expression and Production in Bacterial Systems 1.5 Important Applications and Future Perspectives of rDNA Technology 1.6 Conclusions References 2: Cloning and Gene Manipulation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 DNA Libraries 2.2.1 Genomic Library 2.2.1.1 Applications 2.2.2 cDNA Library 2.2.2.1 Construction of a cDNA Library 2.2.2.2 Applications of cDNA Library 2.2.3 Difference Between Genomic and cDNA Library (Table 2.2) 2.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 2.3.1 Background 2.3.2 Components of PCR 2.3.3 PCR Protocol 2.4 Restriction Digestion 2.4.1 Restriction Enzymes (Endonucleases) 2.4.2 Steps and Tips for Restriction Digestion 2.5 Ligation 2.5.1 Introduction 2.5.2 DNA Ligases 2.5.3 Ligation Using Linkers and Adaptors 2.5.4 Standardizing the Ligation Reaction 2.5.5 Steps Involved in Ligation 2.6 Ligation Independent Cloning (LIC) 2.6.1 Background 2.6.2 Protocol for LIC 2.6.3 Advantages 2.7 Choice of Host Cells 2.8 Transformation 2.8.1 Protocol for Transformation 2.9 Colony Screening 2.9.1 Blue-White Colony Screening 2.9.1.1 Background 2.9.1.2 Protocol for Blue-White Colony Screening 2.9.1.3 Limitations 2.9.2 Other Screening Methods 2.9.2.1 Positive Selection System 2.9.2.2 Screening by Plasmid Miniprep and RE (Restriction Enzyme) Digests 2.9.2.3 Colony PCR 2.9.2.4 Sanger Sequencing 2.10 Troubleshooting for Subcloning Experiments (Table 2.5) 2.11 Conclusions Problems Multiple Choice Questions Subjective Questions References 3: Selection of Cloning and Expression Plasmid Vectors 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Classification 3.3 Cloning: An Overview 3.4 The Need to Choose a Plasmid Vector 3.5 Types of Plasmid Vectors 3.5.1 Plasmids Used for Cloning 3.5.1.1 Criteria for Choosing a Plasmid for Cloning Size of Insert Copy Number Cloning Sites (MCS region) 3.5.1.2 Types of Cloning Plasmids 3.5.2 Expression Plasmid Vectors 3.5.3 Affinity Tags for Protein Purification in Expression Plasmids 3.5.3.1 pGEX Plasmids with GST Tag for Protein Expression 3.5.3.2 pMAL Plasmids with MBP Tag for Protein Expression 3.5.3.3 Duet Vectors 3.5.3.4 Cell-Free Expression Systems 3.5.3.5 Other Expression Systems 3.5.4 Conclusion Problems Multiple Choice Questions Subjective Questions References 4: Transformation and Protein Expression 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Competence and Competent Cell Preparation 4.1.2 Competent Cell Preparation 4.1.3 Chemical Method 4.1.4 Preparing Electrocompetent Cells 4.1.5 Transformation Methods 4.2 Heat-Shock Method 4.2.1 Procedure for Bacterial Transformation Using the Heat-Shock Method 4.2.2 Expected Observations 4.3 Electroporation Method 4.3.1 Procedure for Bacterial Transformation Using the Electroporation Method 4.4 Recombinant Protein Expression in Different Bacterial Systems 4.5 Expression of ``Difficult-to-Fold´´ Proteins in E. coli 4.6 Optimizing Gene Expression 4.7 Protein Production Protocol for Bacteria 4.8 Posttranslational Modifications in Bacterial Expression Systems 4.9 Expression in Yeast Cells 4.10 Conclusions Problems Multiple Choice Questions Subjective Questions References 5: Introduction to Recombinant Protein Purification 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Databases and Tools to Determine Physicochemical Properties of Protein 5.2.1 Physicochemical Parameters Important in Initial Designing of the Purification Procedure 5.2.1.1 Molecular Weight of the Protein 5.2.1.2 Isoelectric Point, pI 5.2.1.3 Molar Extinction Coefficient/Absorptivity Coefficient 5.2.1.4 Cysteine Content 5.2.1.5 Stability 5.2.1.6 Hydrophobicity 5.2.2 Bioinformatics Resources 5.3 Lysis and Protein Extraction 5.3.1 Source Material for the Protein 5.3.1.1 Extraction Methods 5.3.1.2 Extraction Medium/Lysis Buffer Buffer Salt and pH 5.3.1.3 Detergents and Chaotropic Agents 5.3.1.4 Reducing Agents 5.3.1.5 Stabilizing Additives 5.3.1.6 Nucleases 5.3.1.7 Protease Inhibitors 5.3.2 Clarification of the Extract 5.3.2.1 Centrifugation 5.3.2.2 Filtration 5.4 Checking Solubility and Designing Purification Strategies 5.4.1 Protein Solubility and Precipitation 5.4.2 Salting-out 5.4.3 Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation 5.4.4 Salting-in 5.4.5 Dealing with Proteins in the Inclusion Bodies 5.5 Overview of Chromatography 5.5.1 Affinity Chromatography 5.5.2 Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEX) 5.5.3 Size Exclusion Chromatography 5.5.4 Concluding Remarks Problems Multiple Choice Questions Subjective Questions References 6: Protein Purification by Affinity Chromatography 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Types of Tags 6.2.1 Polyhistidine Tag 6.2.2 Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) Tag 6.2.3 Maltose-Binding Protein (MBP) Tag 6.2.4 Calmodulin-Binding Peptide (CBP) Tag 6.2.5 Streptavidin-Binding Peptide (SBP) Tag 6.3 Types of Affinity Chromatography 6.3.1 Purification of Polyhistidine Tag Protein 6.3.1.1 Binding with the Polyhistidine Tag 6.3.1.2 Components of the Chromatographic Matrix 6.3.1.3 Purification Under Different Conditions 6.3.1.4 Elution 6.3.1.5 Troubleshooting 6.3.2 Purification of GST-Tagged Protein 6.3.2.1 pGEX Vectors and Their Gene Fusion Construct 6.3.2.2 Expression of the Fused Protein 6.3.2.3 Affinity-Based Purification of the GST-Fused Protein 6.3.2.4 Elution and Removal of the GST Tag 6.3.2.5 Troubleshooting 6.3.3 Purification of MBP-Tag Recombinant Proteins 6.3.3.1 Expression of MBP-Tag Protein Using pMAL Vector 6.3.3.2 Binding to the Amylose Affinity Column and Purification 6.3.3.3 Removal of the MBP-Tag Through Proteolytic Cleavage 6.3.3.4 Troubleshooting 6.3.4 Purification of Strep-Tag II Recombinant Proteins 6.3.4.1 Expression of the Strep-Tag II Fused Protein 6.3.4.2 Purification and Elution of the Fused Protein Using StrepTactin Affinity Column 6.3.4.3 Troubleshooting 6.4 Role of Affinity Tags in Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions 6.5 Conclusion Problems Multiple choice questions Subjective questions References 7: Protein Purification by Ion Exchange Chromatography 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Basic Principles of Ion Exchange Chromatography 7.3 Components and Factors of Ion Exchange Chromatography 7.3.1 Ion Exchange Resins 7.3.2 Capacity 7.3.3 Selection of the Ion Exchange Resins 7.3.3.1 Choice of Anionic and Cationic Exchangers 7.3.3.2 Choice of Strong and Weak Exchangers 7.3.3.3 Choice of Particle Size and Porosity of the Resin Matrix 7.3.4 Buffer 7.3.5 Selection of Buffer 7.3.5.1 Buffer Substance 7.3.5.2 pH of the Buffer 7.3.5.3 Ionic Strength of the Buffer 7.3.5.4 Temperature of the Buffer 7.4 Protein Purification Using Ion Exchange Chromatography 7.4.1 Equilibration 7.4.2 Loading of Sample 7.4.3 Washing 7.4.4 Elution 7.4.5 Regeneration 7.5 Instrumentation for Ion Exchange Chromatography 7.5.1 Pump 7.5.2 Injector 7.5.3 Guard Column 7.5.4 Column 7.5.5 Suppressor 7.5.6 Detectors 7.5.7 Fraction Collector 7.5.8 Data Processing System 7.6 Protocol for Recombinant Protein Purification 7.6.1 Instruments and Materials 7.6.2 Procedure 7.6.2.1 Step 1 (Equilibration of the Column) 7.6.2.2 Step 2 (Binding of the Protein Sample) 7.6.2.3 Step 3 (Removal of Unbound Proteins) 7.6.2.4 Step 4 (Elution of the Bound Protein) 7.6.2.5 Step 5 (Storage of the Protein) 7.6.2.6 Step 6 (Regeneration of the Column) 7.7 Choice of Different Combination of Chromatographic Techniques 7.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ion Exchange Chromatography 7.8.1 Advantages 7.8.2 Disadvantages 7.9 Applications of Ion Exchange Chromatography 7.9.1 Purification of Recombinant Proteins 7.9.2 Purification of Enzymes 7.9.3 Miscellaneous Applications 7.10 Troubleshooting 7.11 Conclusion Problems Multiple Choice Questions Subjective Questions References 8: Gel Filtration Chromatography 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Instrumentation 8.2.1 Pump 8.2.2 Injector 8.2.3 Column 8.2.4 Detector 8.2.5 Fraction Collector 8.2.6 Data Processing System 8.3 Principle of Macromolecular Separation Using Gel Filtration Chromatography 8.4 Choice of Matrix in Gel Filtration Chromatography 8.5 Resolution of Gel Filtration Chromatography 8.5.1 Parameters Affecting Resolution 8.5.1.1 Column Parameters 8.5.1.2 Packing the Column 8.5.1.3 Air Bubbles, Uneven Packing, and Cracks 8.5.1.4 Choice of Eluent 8.5.1.5 Effect of Flow Rate 8.5.1.6 Column Cleaning and Storage 8.5.1.7 Sample Preparation 8.6 Applications of Gel Filtration Chromatography 8.6.1 Molecular Weight Determination 8.6.1.1 Operating Procedure GFC System Reagents Standard Operating Tools Running the Experiment-Instrumental Setup Running Analyte Through the GFC Column 8.6.2 Purification of Recombinant Proteins 8.6.3 Desalting and Buffer Exchange 8.6.4 Miscellaneous Applications 8.7 Troubleshooting Tips for Running GFC 8.8 Conclusions Problems Multiple Choice Question Subjective Question References 9: Protein Purification by Reversed Phase Chromatography and Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Principle of Surface Adsorption Chromatography 9.3 Reversed Phase Chromatography 9.3.1 Principle of Protein Separation in RPC 9.3.2 Overview of Steps in RPC 9.3.2.1 Column Equilibration 9.3.2.2 Binding of the Extract on Column (Capture) 9.3.2.3 Elution of Protein Molecules (Desorption) 9.3.2.4 Cleaning of Column and Storage 9.3.3 Protocol for Protein Purification Using RPC 9.3.4 Some Important Factors that Govern Optimum Separation and Resolution in RPC 9.3.4.1 Length of the Separation Column 9.3.4.2 Flow Rate 9.3.4.3 Temperature 9.3.4.4 Mobile Phase 9.3.4.5 Gradient Elution 9.3.4.6 Retention of Proteins 9.3.5 Different Uses of RPC 9.3.5.1 Desalting and Protein Concentration 9.3.5.2 High Resolution Separations 9.3.5.3 Large Scale Preparative Purification 9.3.6 Applications 9.4 Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography 9.4.1 Principle of Hydrophobic Interactions 9.4.2 Difference between RPC and HIC 9.4.3 Principle of HIC 9.4.4 Some Important Factors that Govern the Optimum Separation and Resolution in HIC 9.4.4.1 Stationary Phase 9.4.4.2 Matrix 9.4.4.3 Mobile Phase 9.4.4.4 pH 9.4.4.5 Temperature 9.4.4.6 Additives 9.4.5 Sample Preparation for HIC 9.4.6 Overview of Important Steps in HIC 9.4.6.1 Equilibration of HIC Column 9.4.6.2 Protein Loading 9.4.6.3 Elution of the Bound Protein 9.4.6.4 Column Regeneration 9.4.7 Standard Protocol for HIC 9.4.8 Applications 9.4.8.1 HIC in Combination with Ion Exchange Chromatography 9.4.8.2 HIC in Combination with Gel Filtration Chromatography 9.4.8.3 HIC for Studying Changes in Protein Conformation 9.4.9 Recent Modifications and Improvements in HIC 9.4.9.1 Dual Salt Load Conditioning 9.4.9.2 Improved Resins 9.4.9.3 Membrane HIC 9.4.9.4 Flow Through Mode 9.4.10 Advantages of Using HIC 9.5 Conclusion 9.6 Troubleshooting for RPC and HIC Problems Multiple Choice Questions Subjective Questions References 10: Purification of Difficult Proteins 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Types of Challenging Proteins and their Purification 10.2.1 Membrane Proteins 10.2.1.1 Overview Peripheral Proteins Amphitropic Proteins Lipid-linked Proteins Integral Membrane Proteins 10.2.1.2 Problems Encountered 10.2.1.3 Conventional Strategies Employed for Purification Source Expression Systems Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Cell-free (CF) Expression System Summary of the Expression Systems Techniques for Purification Sequences, Tags, and Cleavage Sites Promoters and Plasmids Antibiotic and Drug-based Screening Culture Growth Conditions Detergents and Buffers 10.2.2 Toxic Proteins 10.2.2.1 Overview 10.2.2.2 Problems Encountered 10.2.2.3 Conventional Strategies Employed for Purification Plasmid Stability/Toxicity Test Expression Hosts Construct Design Promoters, Plasmids, and Tags Culture Conditions 10.2.3 Inclusion Bodies 10.2.3.1 Overview 10.2.3.2 Problems Encountered 10.2.3.3 Conventional Strategies Employed for Purification Cell Disruption Isolation and Solubilization Refolding 10.3 Case Studies of Challenging Proteins 10.3.1 Purification of the Recombinantly Expressed Membrane Protein Ammonium Transporter (AmtB) from E. coli 10.3.1.1 Materials 10.3.1.2 Method 10.3.2 Extraction of Proteins from Inclusion Bodies in E. coli 10.3.2.1 Materials 10.3.2.2 Method 10.4 Conclusion Problems Multiple Choice Questions Subjective Questions References 11: Protein Quantitation and Detection 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Types of Protein Quantitation Assays 11.2.1 Different Types of Protein Quantitation Assays 11.2.1.1 Dye-Based Assays 11.2.1.2 Bradford (Coomassie Blue) Assay Principle Protocol Experimental Procedure 11.2.1.3 Lowry Assay Principle Reagents Required Solution Preparatory Steps Experimental Procedure 11.2.1.4 Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Assay Principle Reagents Solution Preparatory Steps Experimental Procedure 11.3 Assays Involving Ultra Violet (UV) Absorption Spectroscopy 11.3.1 UV Absorption Using Micro-Volume Spectroscopy 11.4 Troubleshooting for Protein Quantitation 11.5 Purity Analysis of Proteins of Interest 11.5.1 SDS PAGE 11.5.2 SDS-Page Gel Preparation Problems Multiple Choice Questions Subjective Questions References Answer Key Chapter 2: Cloning and Gene Manipulation Chapter 3: Selection of Cloning and Expression Plasmid Vectors Chapter 4: Transformation and Protein Expression Chapter 5: Introduction to Recombinant Protein Purification Chapter 6: Protein Purification by Affinity Chromatography Chapter 7: Protein Purification by Ion Exchange Chromatography Chapter 8: Gel Filtration Chromatography Chapter 9: Protein Purification by Reversed Phase Chromatography and Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Chapter 10: Purification of Difficult Proteins Chapter 11: Protein Quantitation and Detection