Textbook of Preventive and Community Dentistry

Half Title Page......Page 2
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 5
Foreword......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Preface to the Third Edition......Page 11
About the Book......Page 13
About the Author......Page 14
Contents......Page 15
SECTION A: PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 24
Chapter 1: Health, Disease and Infection......Page 25
Various Systems of Medicine......Page 26
Health......Page 35
Disease......Page 44
Screening for Diseases......Page 56
Infection......Page 66
Chapter 2: The Practice of Public Health......Page 83
History of Medicine and Public Health in Europe and America......Page 85
WHO and Public Health Milestones......Page 87
History of Medicine and Public Health in India......Page 88
Changing Concepts in Public Health......Page 92
Public Health Disciplines......Page 97
Characteristics of Public Health Method......Page 103
Characteristic of Public Health Techniques......Page 105
Chapter 3: Environment and Health......Page 110
Water......Page 111
Air......Page 134
Noise......Page 137
Disposal of Solid Wastes......Page 141
Biomedical Waste Management in India 2011......Page 148
Occupational Hazards......Page 151
Chapter 4: Nutrition in Health and Disease......Page 161
Proteins......Page 164
Fats......Page 166
Carbohydrate......Page 168
Vitamins......Page 169
Minerals......Page 183
Trace Elements......Page 185
Balanced Diet......Page 191
My Pyramid......Page 193
Diet Counselling......Page 195
Nutritional Problems in Public Health......Page 199
Oral Manifestations Associated with Malnutrition......Page 207
Chapter 5: Health Education......Page 215
Objectives......Page 218
Principles of Health Education......Page 233
Communication in Health Education......Page 247
Planning a Dental Health Education Programme......Page 259
Chapter 6: Health Care Delivery Systems......Page 263
Health System in India......Page 264
National Health Policy......Page 273
Health Care Systems in India......Page 275
International Health Agencies......Page 296
SECTION B: EPIDEMIOLOGY......Page 301
Chapter 7: Epidemiological Methods......Page 302
Aims......Page 304
Epidemiologic Triad......Page 307
Measurements in Epidemiology......Page 312
Epidemiologic Methods......Page 322
Descriptive Epidemiology......Page 323
Analytical Epidemiology......Page 333
Experimental Epidemiology......Page 345
The Epidemiologist......Page 354
Terminologies in Epidemiology......Page 355
Steps in Investigation of an Epidemic......Page 357
Chapter 8: Epidemiology of Oral Diseases......Page 365
Epidemiology, Aetiology and prevention of Dental Caries......Page 366
Epidemiology, Aetiology and Prevention of Oral Cancer......Page 384
Epidemiology, Aetiology and Prevention of Periodontal Diseases......Page 398
Epidemiology, Classification and Aetiology and Prevention of Malocclusion......Page 410
Epidemiology and Prevention of Dental Fluorosis......Page 419
SECTION C: INFECTION CONTROL......Page 429
Chapter 9: Infection Control and Sterilization......Page 430
Airborne Infection......Page 433
Infection Control: Clinical Procedures......Page 436
Sterilization......Page 444
Barriers for Patient and Clinician (Personal Protection of the Dental Team)......Page 448
SECTION D: DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 471
Chapter 10: Introduction to Dental Public Health......Page 472
Personal versus Community Health Care......Page 477
Traditional Dental Public Health Programmes......Page 481
Chapter 11: Examination Procedures......Page 488
The Mouth Mirror......Page 489
Probe......Page 496
Explorers......Page 515
Chapter 12: Indices for Oral Diseases......Page 551
Indices for Oral Diseases......Page 552
Plaque Index (PII)......Page 559
Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Index......Page 564
Oral Hygiene Index (OHI)......Page 573
Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)......Page 577
Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI)......Page 584
Gingival Index (GI)......Page 590
Periodontal Index (PI)......Page 597
Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)......Page 605
The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)......Page 612
Mobility Index......Page 623
Decayed–Missing–Filled Index (DMF Index)......Page 627
Decayed–Missing–Filled—Surface (DMFS) Index......Page 636
SIC Index......Page 640
Caries Indices for Primary Dentition......Page 641
Deans Fluorosis Index......Page 643
Community Fluorosis Index (CFI)......Page 645
Malocclusion......Page 648
Classification and Staging of Mouth Cancer and Jaw Tumours......Page 658
WHO Assessment Form......Page 665
Chapter 13: Planning, Survey and Evaluation......Page 697
Planning......Page 698
Types of Health Planning......Page 700
Steps in Planning Process......Page 701
Survey......Page 708
Types of Investigation......Page 710
Basic Oral Health Survey......Page 711
Steps in Survey......Page 715
Evaluation......Page 722
Purpose of Evaluation......Page 723
Criteria......Page 724
Types of Evaluation......Page 725
Basic Steps in Evaluation......Page 727
Chapter 14: Dental Auxiliaries......Page 730
Classification......Page 732
Chapter 15: School Dental Health......Page 741
Components......Page 745
Comprehensive Dental Care......Page 751
Incremental Dental Care......Page 753
School Dental Health Programmes......Page 758
School Health Programmes in India......Page 766
Chapter 16: Payment for Dental Care......Page 768
Mechanism of Payment for Dental Care......Page 769
Public Programmes......Page 781
Chapter 17: Ethical Issues......Page 785
Principles......Page 787
Consumer Protection Act......Page 798
Forensic Dentistry......Page 805
Chapter 18: Dentists Act and Association......Page 811
Dentist Act......Page 812
Indian Dental Association......Page 822
SECTION E: PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY......Page 828
Chapter 19: Prevention of Oral Diseases......Page 829
Levels of Prevention......Page 832
Preventive Services......Page 836
Prevention of Oral Diseases......Page 842
Chapter 20: Primary Preventive Services......Page 846
Plaque Control......Page 847
Disclosing Agents......Page 862
Caries Activity Test......Page 877
Pit and Fissure Sealants......Page 883
Caries Vaccine......Page 894
Minimal Intervention Dentistry......Page 899
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART)......Page 915
Chapter 21: Fluorides in Caries Prevention......Page 931
Natural Occurrence of Fluoride......Page 932
Historical Background......Page 939
Systemic Fluorides......Page 944
Mechanism of Action of Systemic Fluorides......Page 954
Topical Fluorides......Page 959
Toxicity of Fluoride......Page 981
Defluoridation......Page 986
Fluoride Belts......Page 989
Fluoride Alternatives......Page 990
SECTION F: HEALTH STATISTICS......Page 997
Chapter 22: Applied Biostatistics and Research Methodology......Page 998
Terminologies......Page 1000
Data......Page 1003
Variable......Page 1005
Methods of Collection of Data......Page 1007
Presentation of Data......Page 1009
Measures of Central Tendency......Page 1021
Measures of Dispersion......Page 1025
Normal Distribution......Page 1031
Confidence......Page 1034
Probability......Page 1035
Test of Significance......Page 1038
Research Methodology......Page 1048
Types of Research......Page 1050
Determining Sample Design......Page 1056
SECTION G: SOCIAL SCIENCES......Page 1070
Chapter 23: Behavioural Sciences......Page 1071
Sociology......Page 1072
Social Psychology......Page 1088
Social Anthropology......Page 1094
Chapter 24: Behaviour Management......Page 1099
Outline of Behaviour Management......Page 1100
Behaviour Modification/Shaping......Page 1103
Behaviour Management Ingredients......Page 1109
Chapter 25: Cultural Taboos in Dentistry......Page 1122
Culture......Page 1123
Role of Culture and Religion on Oral Health......Page 1124
Mutilations of Teeth......Page 1125
Mutilations of Soft Tissues......Page 1135
Chapter 26: Oral Health Care for Special Groups......Page 1139
Pregnancy......Page 1147
The New Baby......Page 1149
The Handicapped Child......Page 1150
Multiple Choice Questions......Page 1160
Appendix......Page 1365