TExES English as a Second Language (ESL) 154 (XAM TEXES)

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Copyright Page......Page 4
Table of Contents......Page 6
SKILL 1.1 Understands the nature of language and basic concepts of language systems (e.g., phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicon, semantics, discourse, pragmatics) and uses this understanding to facilitate student learning in the ESL classroom......Page 14
SKILL 1.2 Knows the functions and registers of language (e.g., social versus academic language) in English and uses this knowledge to develop and modify instructional materials, deliver instruction and promote ESL students’ English language proficiency......Page 25
SKILL 1.3 Understands the interrelatedness of listening, speaking, reading and writing and uses this understanding to develop ESL students’ English language proficiency......Page 28
SKILL 1.4 Knows the structure of the English language (e.g., word formation, grammar, sentence structure) and the patterns and conventions of written and spoken English and uses this knowledge to model and provide instruction in English......Page 32
SKILL 2.1 Knows theories, concepts and research related to L1 and L2 acquisition.......Page 37
SKILL 2.2 Uses knowledge of theories, concepts and research related to L1 and L2 acquisition to select effective, appropriate methods and strategies for promoting students’ English language development at various stages......Page 40
SKILL 2.3 Knows cognitive processes (e.g., memorization, categorization, generalization, metacognition) involved in synthesizing and internalizing language rules for second-language acquisition......Page 41
SKILL 2.4 Analyzes the interrelatedness of first-and second-language acquisition and ways in which L1 may affect development of L2......Page 44
SKILL 2.5 Knows common difficulties (e.g., idiomatic expressions; L1 interference in syntax, phonology and morphology) experienced by ESL students in learning English and effective strategies for helping students overcome those difficulties.......Page 46
SKILL 3.1 Knows applicable Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS), especially the English Language Arts and Reading curriculum as it relates to ESL, and knows how to design and implement appropriate instruction to address the TEKS (i.e., listening, speaking, reading, writing, viewing/representing)......Page 48
SKILL 3.2 Knows effective instructional methods and techniques for the ESL classroom, and selects and uses instructional methods, resources and materials appropriate for addressing specified instructional goals and promoting learning in students with diverse characteristics and needs......Page 50
SKILL 3.3 Applies knowledge of effective practices, resources and materials for providing content-based ESL instruction, engaging students in critical thinking and fostering students’ communicative competence.......Page 55
SKILL 3.4 Knows how to integrate technological tools and resources into the instructional process to facilitate and enhance student learning......Page 57
SKILL 3.5 Applies effective classroom management and teaching strategies for a variety of ESL environments and situations......Page 60
SKILL 4.1 Knows applicable Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS), especially the English Language Arts and Reading curriculum as it relates to ESL, and knows how to design and implement appropriate instruction to address TEKS related to the listening, speaking, reading, writing, viewing/representing)......Page 63
SKILL 4.2 Understands the role of the linguistic environment and conversational support in second-language development, and uses this knowledge to provide a rich, comprehensible language environment with supported opportunities for communication in English......Page 65
SKILL 4.3 Applies knowledge of practices, resources and materials that are effective in promoting students’ communicative competence in English......Page 67
SKILL 4.4 Understands the interrelatedness of listening, speaking, reading and writing and uses this knowledge to select and use effective strategies for developing students’ oral language proficiency in English......Page 70
SKILL 4.5 Applies knowledge of effective strategies for helping ESL students transfer language skills from L1 to L2......Page 72
SKILL 4.6 Applies knowledge of individual differences (e.g., developmental characteristics, cultural and language background, academic strengths, learning styles) to select instructional strategies and resources that facilitate communicative language development......Page 74
SKILL 4.7 Knows to how provide appropriate feedback in response to students’ developing English language skills.......Page 76
SKILL 5.1 Knows applicable Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS), especially the English Language Arts and Reading curriculum as it relates to ESL, and knows how to design and implement appropriate instruction to address TEKS related to the reading and writing strands.......Page 77
SKILL 5.2 Understands the interrelatedness of listening, speaking, reading and writing and uses this knowledge to select and use effective strategies for developing students’ literacy in English.......Page 80
SKILL 5.3 Understands that English is an alphabetic language and applies effective strategies for developing ESL students’ phonological knowledge and skills (e.g., phonemic awareness skills, knowledge of English letter-sound associations, knowledge of common English phonograms) and sight-word vocabularies (e.g., phonetically irregular words, high-frequency words)......Page 82
SKILL 5.4 Knows factors that affect ESL students’ reading comprehension (e.g., vocabulary, text structures, cultural references) and applies effective strategies for facilitating ESL students’ reading comprehension in English......Page 84
SKILL 5.5 Applies knowledge of effective strategies for helping students transfer literacy knowledge and skills from L1 to L2......Page 85
SKILL 5.6 Applies knowledge of individual differences (e.g., developmental characteristics, cultural and language background, academic strengths, learning styles) to select instructional strategies and resources that facilitates ESL students’ literacy development......Page 87
SKILL 5.7 Knows personal factors that affect ESL students’ English literacy development (e.g., interrupted schooling, literacy status in primary language, prior literacy experiences) and applies effective strategies for addressing those factors.......Page 88
SKILL 6.1 Applies knowledge of effective practices, resources and materials for providing content-based ESL instruction; engaging students in critical thinking; and developing students’ cognitive-academic language proficiency......Page 91
SKILL 6.2 Knows instructional delivery practices that are effective in facilitating ESL students’ comprehension in content-area classes (e.g., preteaching key vocabulary; helping students apply familiar concepts from their cultural backgrounds and prior experiential learning strategies, using realia, media and other visual supports to introduce and/or reinforce concepts)......Page 94
SKILL 6.3 Applies knowledge of individual differences (e.g., developmental characteristics, cultural and language background, academic strengths, learning styles) to select instructional strategies and resources that facilitate ESL students’ cognitive-academic language development and content-area learning......Page 96
SKILL 6.4 Knows personal factors that affect ESL students’ content-area learning (e.g., prior learning experiences, familiarity with specialized language and vocabulary, familiarity with the structure and uses of textbooks and other print resources) and apply effective strategies for addressing those factors......Page 97
SKILL 7.1 Knows basic concepts, issues and practices related to test design, development and interpretation and uses this knowledge to select, adapt and develop assessments for different purposes in the ESL program (e.g., diagnosis, program evaluation, proficiency)......Page 99
SKILL 7.2 Applies knowledge of formal and informal assessments used in ESL classroom and knows their characteristics, uses and limitations......Page 101
SKILL 7.3 Knows standardized tests commonly used in ESL programs in Texas and knows how to interpret their results......Page 104
SKILL 7.4 Knows state-mandated LEP policies, including the role of LPAC, and procedures for implementing LPAC recommendations for LEP identification, placement and exit.......Page 105
SKILL 7.6 Knows how to use ongoing assessment to plan and adjust instruction that addresses individual student needs and enables ESL students to achieve learning goals......Page 106
SKILL 8.1 Knows the historical, theoretical and policy foundations of ESL education and uses this knowledge to plan, implement and advocate for effective ESL programs.......Page 108
SKILL 8.2 Knows types of ESL programs (e.g., self-contained, pull-out, newcomer centers, dual language, and immersion), their characteristics, their goals and research findings on their effectiveness......Page 110
SKILL 8.3 Applies knowledge of the various types of ESL programs to make appropriate instructional and management decisions......Page 113
SKILL 8.4 Applies knowledge of research findings related to ESL education, including research on instructional and management practices in ESL programs, to assist in planning and implementing effecting ESL programs......Page 114
SKILL 9.1 Understands cultural and linguistic diversity in the ESL classroom and other factors that may affect students’ learning of academic content, language and culture (e.g., age, developmental characteristics, academic strengths and needs, preferred learning styles, personality, sociocultural factors, home environment, attitude, exceptionalities)......Page 116
SKILL 9.2 Knows how to create an effective multicultural and multilingual learning environment that addresses the affective, linguistic and cognitive needs of ESL students and facilitates students’ learning and language acquisition.......Page 119
SKILL 9.3 Knows factors that contribute to cultural bias (e.g., stereotyping, prejudice, ethnocentrism) and knows how to create a culturally responsive learning environment......Page 121
SKILL 9.4 Demonstrates sensitivity to students’ diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds and shows respect for language differences......Page 122
SKILL 9.5 Applies strategies for creating among students an awareness of and respect for linguistic and cultural diversity......Page 124
SKILL 10.2 Understands the importance of family involvement in the education of ESL students and knows how to facilitate parent/guardian participation in their children’s education and school activities......Page 125
SKILL 10.3 Applies skills for communicating and collaborating effectively with the parents/guardians of ESL students in a variety of educational contexts......Page 126
SKILL 10.4 Knows how community members and resources can positively affect student learning in the ESL program and is able to access community resources to enhance the education of ESL students......Page 127
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 128
SAMPLE TEST......Page 129
ANSWER KEY......Page 142
RIGOR TABLE......Page 143
RATIONALES
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