TEX in practice. Vol.2

Table of Contents......Page 1
10.1.1 Spaces, Returns, etc......Page 13
10.1.3 The Operation of the Line Breaking Algorithm......Page 15
10.2 Parameters Defining Paragraph Shapes......Page 19
10.3 Paragraphs and Vboxes......Page 20
10.3.1 Centering a Paragraph Enclosed in a Vbox......Page 21
10.3.2 A Paragraph with a Predetermined First Line......Page 22
10.4.1 Ways to Start a Paragraph......Page 23
10.5 Ending a Paragraph......Page 24
10.5.2 Computations Performed at the End of a Paragraph......Page 25
10.6.1 Applications of \\leftskip and \\rightskip......Page 26
10.6.2 Changing \\leftskip and \\rightskip......Page 27
10.6.3 The Definition of Macro \\narrower......Page 29
10.7 Paragraph Indentation, \\parindent......Page 30
10.7.2 The Meaning of the Primitive \\indent......Page 31
10.7.3 Negative Paragraph Indentation......Page 32
10.7.4 Using Negative Paragraph Indentation for Typesetting a Bibliography......Page 33
10.7.6 Using Negative Paragraph Indentations for Lists......Page 34
10.8.1 Setting \\parskip......Page 37
10.8.2 An Example Involving \\parskip......Page 38
10.9 The Token Parameter \\everypar......Page 39
10.9.1 An Example of Applying \\everypar......Page 40
10.9.2 Dynamic \\parskip Computations......Page 41
10.9.3 Multiple \\everypars......Page 45
10.9.4 Suppressing the Paragraph Indentation Not Using \\noindent......Page 47
10.10.1 Forcing Line Breaks Using \\hfil\\break......Page 48
10.10.2 Every Line Becomes a Single Paragraph......Page 50
10.10.3 Using Hboxes......Page 52
10.10.4 Writing Single Lines Right Justified......Page 53
10.10.5 Horizontal Glues in User-Determined Line Breaks......Page 54
10.10.6 A Macro for Explicit Line Breaks in the Middle of a Paragraph, \\\\......Page 55
10.11 \\parfillskip......Page 57
10.12 Macro for Writing Paragraph Layout Parameters to the Logfile......Page 58
10.13 Summary......Page 59
11.1 Generating Lists......Page 61
11.1.1 Item Labels Left of a Paragraph, Left Flush......Page 62
11.1.2 Item Labels Left of a Paragraph, Right Flush......Page 65
11.1.3 Macros for Printing Lists......Page 67
11.1.4 An Example Using the Preceding Macros......Page 71
11.1.6 How To Handle Item Labels That Are Too Wide......Page 72
11.1.7 The Automatic Numbering of Lists......Page 74
11.1.8 An Interesting Variation of the List Problem......Page 76
11.2 Improved Macros for Lists......Page 78
11.2.1 The Macro Source Code......Page 79
11.2.2 The Definition of the Label-Generating Macros......Page 80
11.2.3 An Example Using the Preceding Macros......Page 82
11.3.1 Numbered Lists......Page 84
11.3.2 Numbered Lists in This Series......Page 87
11.3.3 Itemized Lists, \\BeginItemize, \\EndItemize......Page 89
11.3.4 Itemized Lists for This Series......Page 90
11.3.5 An Example Application of the Preceding Macros......Page 91
11.4.1 The Counter Parameter \\hangafter......Page 92
11.4.4 Another Example of Hanging Indentation......Page 93
11.4.5 Use of \\hangafter and \\hangindent to Generate Lists......Page 96
11.4.6 Starting a Paragraph with Big Letters, \\BigLetPar......Page 97
11.4.7 Plain Format Macros \\item and \\itemitem......Page 99
11.5.1 The Parameters of \\GenericHeading......Page 102
11.5.4 Running Heads......Page 104
11.5.5 The Macro Source Code......Page 105
11.5.6 An Example Using the Preceding Macro......Page 108
11.6.1 Ragged Right and Ragged Left Text, \\raggedright......Page 111
11.6.2 Automatically Centered Text......Page 112
11.6.3 The Definition of \\BeginCenter and \\EndCenter......Page 113
11.7 Summary......Page 114
12.1.1 A First \\parshape Example......Page 116
12.1.2 Another \\parshape Example......Page 117
12.1.3 An Extended \\parshape Command, \\XParShape......Page 118
12.2 Timing Issues in Paragraph Parameters......Page 121
12.3 Vertical Material Trickery, \\vadjust......Page 123
12.3.2 \\vadjust for Inserting Figures......Page 126
12.4 Table of Contents Typesetting......Page 129
12.4.1 The Definition of Macro \\GenTocEntry......Page 132
12.4.2 An Example......Page 135
12.4.3 Table of Contents Printing for This Series......Page 139
12.4.4 List of Figure and List of Table Printing for This Series......Page 140
12.5.1 A Macro To Determine the Number of Lines of a Paragraph, \\GetNuaberOfLines......Page 141
12.5.2 Setting \\prevgraf......Page 142
12.6 Now It Is Playtime......Page 143
12.6.2 Hanging Indentation, Ragged Right......Page 144
12.6.4 First Line Special, \\FirstLineSpecial......Page 145
12.7.2 A Two Pass Algorithm......Page 148
12.7.3 The \\showhyphens Command......Page 149
12.7.4 How TeX Determines the Hyphenation of a Word, \\~, \\discretionary......Page 150
12.7.7 Default Hyphen Character, \\defaulthyphenchar......Page 153
12.7.9 Fine Points About the Line Breaking Algorithm......Page 154
12.7.11 Turning Off Hyphenation......Page 155
12.7.13 Print Hyphenation of a Word, \\PrintHyphens......Page 156
12.7.15 Demerits and Additional Parameters in the Typesetting of a Paragraph......Page 159
12.8.1 \\looseness......Page 160
12.8.2 Typesetting Narrow Columns......Page 161
12.8.3 Additional Stretchability, \\emergencystretch......Page 162
12.9 Summary......Page 163
13.1.1 Math Mode and Display Math Mode......Page 165
13.1.2 General Rules for the Math Modes......Page 166
13.1.3 Error Confinement: No Empty Lines in Math Formulas......Page 167
13.1.4 Beginning and Ending Mathematical Equations......Page 168
13.1.5 Superscripts and Subscripts......Page 170
13.1.6 Error Confinement: Superscript and Subscript Related......Page 173
13.2.1 The Processing of Mathematical Equations in TeX......Page 174
13.2.2 Variables in Math Equations......Page 175
13.2.4 Uppercase Greek Letters......Page 176
13.2.7 Binary Operations (Type Bin)......Page 177
13.2.8 Relational Operations (Type Rel)......Page 178
13.2.10 Special Symbols......Page 179
13.2.11 Overline and Underline......Page 180
13.3.1 Fractions with \\over......Page 181
13.3.3 General Fractions......Page 182
13.3.4 Entering Fractions......Page 183
13.3.5 Another Way of Entering Fractions, \\frac......Page 185
13.3.7 Stacked Superscripts and Subscripts......Page 186
13.4.2 Wide Accents......Page 187
13.5.2 Integral Signs......Page 188
13.5.4 Roots and Square Roots, \\sqrt, \\root......Page 189
13.6.1 Explicit Specification of the Size of a Delimiter......Page 190
13.6.3 An Example using \\left and \\right......Page 192
13.6.4 Why and When is Explicit Size Specification Needed?......Page 193
13.7 Horizontal Spacing in Math Modes......Page 194
13.7.2 Instances Where Corrections in the Horizontal Spacing May Be Appropriate......Page 195
13.8.2 Linebreaks in Inline Equations, \\relpenalty, \\binoppenalty......Page 196
13.9 Summary......Page 197
14.1.1 A Math List Example, \\showlists......Page 199
14.1.2 The Building of a Math List......Page 201
14.2 A Closer Look at Atoms......Page 202
14.3.1 Putting Together a Mathcode......Page 203
14.3.2 Assigning Mathcodes to Characters and Control Sequences, \\mathcode, \\mathchar, \\mathchardef......Page 204
14.4.1 Styles......Page 205
14.4.3 Rules for the Selection of Styles......Page 206
14.4.4 Manual Style Selections......Page 207
14.4.5 Making Up Your Own Symbols, \\mathchoice, \\mathpalette......Page 208
14.5.1 Loading Math Fonts in the Plain Format......Page 209
14.5.2 The Fonts of a Family, \\textfont, \\scriptfont, \\scriptscriptfont......Page 211
14.5.4 Relating Sizes and Fonts, \\newfam......Page 213
14.5.6 The Math Family Definitions of the Plain Format......Page 214
14.5.7 Redefining Math Font Families......Page 216
14.6.1 Braces for Set Definitions......Page 217
14.7 Vertical Spacing, Phantoms, Struts in Math Formulas......Page 218
14.8.1 Empty Lines Before and After Displayed Equations......Page 219
14.8.3 An Example......Page 220
14.8.4 Building a Formula Step-By-Step Using Macros......Page 221
14.8.5 Stepwise Refinement......Page 223
14.9.1 Vertical Glue and Penalty Parameters, Associated with Display Math Mode......Page 226
14.9.3 The Horizontal Positioning of Displayed Equations......Page 228
14.9.4 More Display Mode Related Parameters, \\predisplaysize, \\displayvidth and \\displaysize......Page 229
14.10.1 Multiline Displays Without Equation Numbers......Page 230
14.10.3 Matrices......Page 231
14.11 Token Parameters \\everymath and \\everydisplay......Page 233
14.12 Single and Double Math Shift Characters......Page 234
14.13 Summary......Page 235
15.1.1 Specifying Magnifications in TeX......Page 237
15.1.2 Setting the Global Magnification, \\mag......Page 238
15.1.4 \\magnification......Page 239
15.2.2 Character Codes......Page 240
15.2.3 Characters Are Horizontal Boxes in TeX......Page 241
15.2.4 Determining the Sizes of Characters in a Font, \\ReportCharSize......Page 242
15.2.5 A Macro to Print the Character Sizes of All Characters of a Particular Font, \\TfmSizeTable......Page 244
15.2.6 Determining the Length of a String, \\StringLength......Page 246
15.2.9 The Instruction \\font Loads a Font......Page 248
15.2.11 Loading Fonts Magnified, \\font \\xx = cm... scaled......Page 249
15.2.13 Looking at Global and Font Magnification Together......Page 252
15.2.15 Font Dimension Parameters, \\fontdimen......Page 253
15.3.1 Some Basic Typesetting Terminology......Page 255
15.3.2 METAFONT and the Computer Modern Fonts......Page 256
15.3.3 An Overview of Font Types Used With TeX......Page 257
15.3.4 The Computer Modern Text Fonts......Page 258
15.3.5 Standard Computer Modern Text Fonts, \\rm, \\bf, \\it, \\tt......Page 262
15.3.6 Italic Correction......Page 266
15.4.2 Typical Font Sizes......Page 267
15.5.1 The Fonts Loaded by the Plain Format......Page 268
15.5.2 Font Changing Macros of the Plain Format......Page 269
15.6 Summary......Page 270
16.1.1 Safe Loading of Fonts, \\NewFont......Page 272
16.1.2 Loading Fonts on Demand......Page 273
16.1.3 Font Substitution, the Definition of \\SubstituteFontX......Page 274
16.1.4 Another Font Substitution Macro......Page 276
16.1.5 Grouping Fonts by Font Sizes......Page 277
16.1.7 Font Size Grouping Macros, \\DefineFontSizeGroup......Page 278
16.1.9 An Example Application......Page 280
16.2.1 Spaces in the Text Are Translated into Interword Glue......Page 284
16.2.3 A Summary of The Rules About Interword Space Computation......Page 285
16.2.4 An Example of User-Defined \\spaceskip......Page 286
16.2.6 Another Look at \\spaceskip......Page 287
16.2.7 Space Factor Computation, \\spacefactor, \\sfcode......Page 288
16.2.9 The Implicit Globalness of Space Factor Computations, \\SaveSpaceFactor, \\RestoreSpaceFactor......Page 290
16.2.11 \"Characters Per Pica\"......Page 291
16.3.1 Raster Output Devices......Page 293
16.3.2 Source of Pixel of Fonts in TeX Documents......Page 295
16.3.3 Pixel Files of METAFONT-Based Fonts......Page 296
16.3.4 GF Files......Page 297
16.3.6 PK Files......Page 298
16.3.7 PXL Files......Page 299
16.4.2 Kerning......Page 300
16.4.4 A Ligature and Kerning Related Example......Page 301
16.5 Accents in Text......Page 302
16.5.2 The Accent Definitions of the Plain Format......Page 303
16.6 Character Codes......Page 304
16.6.3 TeX Fonts Usually Have 128 Characters......Page 305
16.8 Standard Font Table Macros......Page 306
16.8.1 Macro Source Code......Page 307
16.8.2 Font Table Print Example......Page 310
16.9.1 A Brief Explanation of the Font Tables......Page 311
16.9.2 Macros Used to Print the Font Tables......Page 312
16.10.1 PostScript Fonts......Page 318
16.10.2 Third Party Fonts......Page 319
16.11 Summary......Page 320
17.1.1 Explaining initex and virtex, plain.tex, \\dump......Page 322
17.1.2 Commands tex, latex, amstex......Page 323
17.2 METAFONT......Page 324
17.2.2 tfm File-Related Utilities, tftopl, pltotf......Page 325
17.3.2 Porting WEB Programs, Change Files......Page 326
17.4.1 Listing the Relevant Environment Variables......Page 327
17.5 What TeX Is Not Designed To Do......Page 329
17.6 Utilities......Page 330
17.7 Device Drivers, DVI Files......Page 331
17.8 Checksums......Page 332
17.9 TeX-Related File Types......Page 333
17.11 Summary......Page 334
Bibliography......Page 336
Index......Page 339
Source Code File Index......Page 372