Telecommunications Policies Of Japan

Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Editor and Contributors......Page 11
Basic ICT Policies......Page 13
1 Introduction......Page 14
2.2 Liberalization of the Telecommunications Business......Page 15
2.3 The Outcomes of Liberalization......Page 16
3.1 Establishment of Interconnection Rules......Page 17
3.2 Measures Related to NTT’s Organization......Page 18
3.3 Introduction of an Asymmetric Regulatory Framework......Page 19
3.4 Relaxing of Fee Controls......Page 20
3.6 Establishment of Rules on Telecommunications Numbers......Page 21
3.8 System Amendments to Address IP Expansion......Page 23
4.1 Formation and Growth of the Mobile Market......Page 24
4.2 Market Stimulation Centered on Promoting the Entry and Business Expansion of MVNOs......Page 25
5 Japanese Government’s Overall ICT Strategy......Page 26
6 Development of Promotion Policies......Page 27
8 Conclusion......Page 28
References......Page 29
1 Introduction......Page 30
2.2 Construction of the Strategic and Cross-Governmental Promotion Framework and Goal Setting for Broadband Build-Out......Page 32
2.3 Efforts by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Carriers in Association with Government-Wide Movements......Page 33
2.4 Progress of Broadband......Page 34
3.1 Efforts to Improve Core Networks to Meet the Growing Speeds and Capacities of Line Equipment and Facilities......Page 35
3.2 Efforts to Toward Opening Core Networks to Promote Their Use and Application......Page 36
4.1 Efforts to Arrange Conditions for Infrastructure Construction and Its Use and Application......Page 37
5.1 Efforts to Eliminate the Digital Divide......Page 39
6.1 Revisions to the Universal Service System in Response to Broadband Expansion......Page 40
6.2 Responses to the Migration of Fixed-Line Telephone Networks to IP Networks......Page 41
7.2 Further Efforts to Eliminate Disadvantaged Areas Without Broadband Infrastructure......Page 44
References......Page 46
1 Introduction......Page 48
2.1 General Systems Concerning Interconnections......Page 50
2.2 Special Systems Concerning Interconnections with Designated Facilities......Page 51
3.1 Obligation to Interconnect......Page 52
3.2 System of Orders to Negotiate......Page 53
3.3 System of Awards on Agreement Details......Page 55
4 Systems Concerning Interconnections with Category I Designated Telecommunications Facilities......Page 56
4.1 Designation of Category I Designated Telecommunications Facilities......Page 57
4.2 Interconnection Tariffs and Interconnection Accounting......Page 59
4.3 Plans for Provision of Network Functions......Page 65
5.1 Designation of Category II Designated Telecommunications Facilities......Page 66
5.2 Interconnection Tariffs and Interconnection Accounting......Page 67
6 Systems for Wholesale Telecommunications Services......Page 71
References......Page 73
Radio Spectrum......Page 76
1 Introduction......Page 77
2.2 Radio Waves and Usage Defined......Page 78
2.3 Radio Station......Page 80
2.4 Spectrum Redeployment......Page 81
3.1 International Frequency Allocation......Page 82
3.2 Discussion on Revision of Table of Frequency Allocation......Page 83
3.3 National Frequency Allocations......Page 84
4.1 Licensing Radio Stations......Page 85
4.3 Extremely Low-Power Radio Stations......Page 88
4.4 Technical Regulation Conformity Mark......Page 89
4.6 Measures for Inbound Equipment......Page 90
5 Spectrum Assignment Policies and Licensee Selection......Page 91
5.1 First-Come-First-Served Selection......Page 92
6 Beauty Contest......Page 93
6.2 Termination Promotion Measures......Page 94
6.3 Case Studies—A Comparative Review......Page 95
6.4 Consultation with Radio Regulatory Council......Page 96
7 Spectrum Auction......Page 97
7.2 Further Consideration......Page 98
References......Page 99
1 Introduction......Page 101
3.1 Background......Page 102
3.2 Studies on Technical Requirements......Page 104
3.3 Frequency Assignment......Page 105
4.1 Background......Page 106
4.2 Studies on Technical Requirements......Page 107
4.3 Frequency Assignment......Page 108
4.4 Introduction of Measures to Realize the Prompt and Smooth Frequency Reallocation (Exit Promotion Measures)......Page 110
5.1 Background......Page 111
5.2 Studies on Technical Requirements......Page 112
5.3 Frequency Assignment......Page 113
5.4 Additional Assignments to Further 4G Deployment......Page 114
6.1 Background......Page 115
6.2 Studies on Technical Requirements......Page 116
6.3 Frequency Assignment......Page 117
References......Page 119
1 Introduction......Page 121
2 The Switchover to Digital Broadcasting Formats......Page 122
2.1 Launch of BS Digital Broadcasts......Page 123
2.2 Transition to Terrestrial Digital Television Broadcasts......Page 124
2.3 The Analog Frequency Conversion......Page 128
2.4 UHF (700 MHz Band) Frequency Reallocations......Page 129
2.5 VHF Frequency Reallocations......Page 132
2.6 White Spaces......Page 133
3 Advances in Satellite Broadcasting......Page 134
3.1 Ultra-High-Definition Television Broadcast Systems......Page 135
3.2 Frequency Reallocations Among BS Right-Handed Circularly Polarized Wave......Page 137
5 Conclusion......Page 138
References......Page 139
Personal Data, Privacy and Security......Page 141
1 Introduction......Page 142
2 The Current State of Cybersecurity......Page 143
3.1 Characteristics of Japan’s Cybersecurity Policy......Page 145
3.2 Promotion Framework Behind Japan’s Cybersecurity Policy......Page 148
4.1 Anti-cyber-Attack Measures on Communication Networks and Their Legal Arrangements......Page 149
4.2 Policy Measures Against Botnets......Page 152
4.3 Human Resource Development......Page 153
4.4 International Cooperation......Page 154
References......Page 156
1 Introduction......Page 158
2 Measures Against Illegal and Harmful Information......Page 159
2.1 Current Arrangement of Policy Measures......Page 160
2.2 The Act on the Limitation of Liability for Damages of Specified Telecommunications Service Providers and the Right to Demand Disclosure of Identification Information of the Senders and Its Related Guidelines......Page 161
2.4 Model Contract Articles for Illegal and Harmful Information......Page 165
2.5 Act on the Development of Safe and Secure Internet Use for Young People......Page 166
3.1 Execution of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information and Its Significant Revision After a Decade......Page 167
3.2 Amended Act on the Protection of Personal Information......Page 168
3.3 Connections to Regulations in Other Countries......Page 170
3.4 Regulations on Telecom Operators......Page 171
4 Conclusion......Page 172
References......Page 173
1 Introduction......Page 174
2 Personal Data as Economic Goods......Page 176
3 Development of Data Distribution Environment......Page 177
4 Issues with the Protection of Data as an Economic Good......Page 180
5 Examples of Experimental Studies in Japan......Page 182
References......Page 185
Cutting-Edge ICT......Page 187
1 Introduction......Page 188
2 Related Policy Structures......Page 189
2.1 Science and Technology Basic Plan......Page 190
2.2 Comprehensive Strategy on Science, Technology and Innovation......Page 192
2.4 Declaration to Be the World’s Most Advanced Digital Nation: Basic Plan for the Advancement of Public and Private Sector Data Utilization......Page 193
2.5 Strategy to Realize a Next-Generation AI Society......Page 194
2.7 IoT Comprehensive Strategy......Page 195
2.8 TECH Strategy to Grab the Future......Page 197
3 Arrangements of Related Laws......Page 198
3.2 The Basic Act on the Advancement of Public and Private Sector Data Utilization......Page 199
4.1 R&D and Social Implementation of Multilingual Speech Translation Technology......Page 200
4.3 R&D into Next-Generation AI Technology......Page 201
4.5 Projects for the Advancement of the Social Implementation of an IoT, Big Data, and AI Information and Communications Platform......Page 202
4.7 R&D into Innovative Optical Network Technology that Will Underpin New Public Infrastructure......Page 203
4.9 Strategic Information and Communications R&D Promotion Program (SCOPE)......Page 204
5 Conclusion......Page 205
References......Page 206
1 Introduction......Page 208
2 Net Neutrality “Problems”......Page 210
3 Japan’s Approach Thus Far......Page 212
4 Japan’s Challenge......Page 216
5 Zero-Ratings......Page 219
6 Demand for Zero-Rating in Japan......Page 220
7 Conclusion......Page 223
References......Page 225
1 Introduction......Page 228
2.1 Formulation of R&D Policy......Page 229
2.2 R&D Project Schemes and Key Examples......Page 230
2.3 Overview of NICT......Page 232
3 Disaster-Resilient ICT......Page 233
3.2 NerveNet......Page 234
3.4 Disaster-Resilient ICT Guidelines for Municipalities......Page 235
4 International Cooperation on ICT R&D......Page 236
5.1 ITU-T......Page 238
5.2 Forum Standards in the ICT Field......Page 239
5.4 International Standardization Promotion Through Industry-University-Government Collaborations......Page 240
6 Conclusion......Page 241
References......Page 242
ICT in the Global Context......Page 244
1 Introduction......Page 245
2.1 Expectations for ICT Education and the Necessity of Information Literacy......Page 247
2.2 Current State of ICT Implementation on Education......Page 249
3.1 “Broadband Open Model Demonstration Experiment” Project by MIC (2010)......Page 252
3.2 Future School Promotion Project......Page 256
3.3 Pioneering Education System Demonstration Project and ICT Dream School Practice Model......Page 257
3.5 Public Wireless LAN System Construction Assistance Project......Page 260
4.2 The FY 2018 Regional IoT Learning Promotion Project (Regional ICT Clubs)......Page 261
4.3 Further Policy Efforts......Page 262
5.1 ICT Use of the Problem-Solving Type......Page 263
5.2 ICT Use of the Value Creation Type......Page 264
5.3 Providing Educational Opportunities—Remedial Teaching......Page 265
6.1 Issue on Network and Equipment......Page 267
6.2 Issues on Implementation of the Cloud......Page 268
7 Conclusion......Page 269
References (all materials except those with * are in Japanese)......Page 270
1 Introduction......Page 273
2.1 Largest Donor in the Telecommunications Sector......Page 276
2.2 Significant Allocation to the Asian Region......Page 278
2.4 Human Resource Development......Page 279
3 International Cooperation on High-Quality Infrastructure......Page 281
3.1 Paradigm Shift in Telecommunications Infrastructure......Page 282
3.2 Infrastructure and Applications......Page 283
3.3 Overseas Deployment of High-Quality Infrastructure......Page 285
3.4 Overseas Expansion of the Japanese Type of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting......Page 286
4.1 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)......Page 287
4.2 Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT)......Page 289
5 Conclusion......Page 290
References......Page 291