Technology and Innovation in Japan: Policy Management for the 21st Century (Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia, 18)

TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
List of figures......Page 10
List of tables......Page 12
List of contributors......Page 14
Foreword......Page 15
Acknowledgements......Page 17
Introduction......Page 19
The Japanese system of technology and innovation: preparing for the twenty-first century......Page 21
Institutional structure and policy process......Page 23
Organization, management and business;government relations......Page 27
Trends at the dawn of the twenty-first century: challenges and perspectives......Page 34
References......Page 35
Institutional structure and technology policy......Page 39
Restructuring basic, applied and developmental research: changes in allocation of RD resources......Page 41
The changing nature of RD in Japan......Page 42
Recent government policies to promote basic research......Page 49
Discussion......Page 50
Notes......Page 53
References......Page 54
The interaction between technology and economy: has the 'virtuous cycle' of Japan's technological innovation system collapsed?......Page 55
The role of technology in Japan's economic development......Page 56
The contribution of the institutional environment and of science and technology policy......Page 60
The paradigm change in Japan's industrial technology......Page 68
Summary and implications: Japan's technological innovation system at the crossroads......Page 72
Notes......Page 73
Organization, management and business-government relations......Page 77
Higher education in Japan from the perspective of RD......Page 79
Brief history of the Japanese higher education system after the Second World War......Page 80
The relation between research and teaching......Page 82
Improvement of research bases and organizational structures......Page 84
Concluding remarks: the change of orientation of the higher education system......Page 86
References......Page 87
Internationalizing Japanese science......Page 88
The current status of Japanese science......Page 89
Weaknesses in the Japanese research system......Page 93
Improving the quality of Japanese science......Page 96
Promoting the internationalization of Japanese science......Page 100
Conclusion......Page 102
References......Page 103
Organizational innovation in Japanese basic research: from bureaucracy to dynamic network......Page 105
Research method......Page 107
Bureaucratic organization versus dynamic network organization: overall description of managerial characteristics in ERATO and MITI-L......Page 110
Professional communication and performance......Page 117
Implications......Page 127
Appendix......Page 130
The Japanese business system for creation and diffusion of technological knowledge: time for change?......Page 133
The development of technological capabilities in Japan......Page 134
Technology and the business system......Page 136
Estimated intra- and inter-industry spillovers......Page 139
Time for change?......Page 141
Notes......Page 144
Reorganization of RD in Japanese manufacturing firms: preserving competitiveness for the twenty-first century......Page 147
Quantitative analysis: Japanese industrial RD in the 1990s......Page 149
RD reorganization strategies of Japanese manufacturing firms in the 1990s......Page 153
Conclusions and implications......Page 163
Notes......Page 165
References......Page 166
Collaborative research in Japan and the West: a case study of Britain's response to MITI's Fifth Generation Computer Initiative......Page 169
Some differences between Japanese and British knowledge creating systems......Page 172
The changing role of MITI's computer RAs......Page 176
A new era for Japanese science policy......Page 178
Britain's response: the Alvey Program......Page 179
Why collaborate?......Page 181
Conclusion......Page 182
Notes......Page 184
References......Page 185
Major fields of science and technology......Page 189
RD in Japan's pharmaceutical industry: the biological revolution, gene therapy and public policy......Page 191
Gene therapy;future or end for Japan's pharmaceutical industry?......Page 200
RD policy for the drugs of the twenty-first century?......Page 207
References......Page 209
RD consortia in the 1990s: national competitiveness and international cooperation in the case of semiconductors......Page 212
Japanese chip makers' RD restructuring......Page 213
Rebirth of RD consortia;private and public......Page 217
The case for international coordination......Page 226
Conclusions and some implications: the case of semiconductors and beyond......Page 228
Notes......Page 229
Further reading......Page 230
Japanese nanotechnology......Page 232
Science policy organizations and research plans......Page 233
Japan's 'plans' for nanotechnology......Page 234
Conclusion: future prospects and final hurdles......Page 243
Notes......Page 246
Japanese RD activities in advanced materials: the case of superconductivity research......Page 248
Japanese research projects and market size in advanced materials......Page 250
Japanese research activities and market potential in ceramic high-temperature superconducting materials......Page 253
The International Superconductivity Research Laboratory (ISTEC): a case study in Japanese superconductivity research......Page 256
Summary......Page 263
Notes......Page 264
Index......Page 266