Techniques and Mechanisms in Electrochemistry

Table of Contents......Page 3
List of symbols......Page 5
1.1.1.-Structure of the solid electrode......Page 7
1.1.2.-Structure of the electrified interface......Page 12
1.1.3-Adsorption on the Electrode Surface......Page 15
1.2.1-Thermodynamic Considerations......Page 17
1.2.2-Rate of Electron Transfer......Page 19
1.2.3-Rate of Transport of Solution Species......Page 26
1.3-Reaction Mechanisms......Page 29
1.3.1-Homogeneous Electrochemical Mechanisms......Page 32
1.3.2-Electrochemical Mechanisms with Adsorbed Intermediates......Page 35
1.3.3-The Direct Detection of Intermediates......Page 40
Further Reading......Page 41
2.1.1-Electrocapillarity......Page 42
2.1.2-Linear Sweep Voltammetry and Cyclic Voltammetry......Page 61
2.1.3-Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy......Page 73
2.1.4-Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy......Page 82
2.1.5-Atomic Force Microscopy......Page 88
2.1.6-Infrared Spectroscopy......Page 95
2.1.7-The Raman Spectroscopies......Page 116
2.1.8-Ellipsometry......Page 127
2.1.9-X-Ray Spectroscopies......Page 137
2.1.10-AC Techniques......Page 160
2.2- In Situ Probes of the Near-Electrode Region......Page 172
2.2.1-Chronoamperometry, Chronocoulometry and the Butler-Volmer Equation......Page 174
2.2.2-Voltammetry......Page 176
2.2.3-The Controlled-Convection Techniques: The Rotating Disc and Rotating Ring-Disc Electrodes......Page 181
2.2.4-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance......Page 189
2.2.5-UV-Visible Spectroelectrochemistry......Page 203
2.2.6-The Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance......Page 210
2.2.7-FTIR and Related Techniques......Page 214
2.2.8-Mass Spectrometry Techniques - DEMS......Page 223
2.3.1-Structural and Analytical Methods......Page 224
2.3.2-Mass Spectrometric Techniques......Page 228
References......Page 230
Further Reading......Page 231
3.1.1-The Hydride Region......Page 234
3.1.2-The Oxide Region......Page 253
3.1.3-The Voltammetry of Single-Crystal Platinum Electrodes......Page 268
3.2-The Electro-Oxidation of Methanol at Platinum in Acid Solution......Page 272
3.2.1-Methanol Oxidation at a Smooth Polished Polycrystalline Platinum Electrode......Page 274
3.3.1-The Direct Reduction of CO2 in Non-Aqueous Solvents......Page 292
3.3.2-The Catalysed Reduction of CO2......Page 308
3.4.1-Oxide Formation on Metals: The Nature of the Passive Film on Iron......Page 326
3.4.2-Conducting Polymers......Page 332
3.4.2.1-Structure......Page 334
3.4.2.2-Static Measurements......Page 335
3.4.2.3-Dynamic Properties......Page 341
3.5-Adsorbed Films for the Promotion of Enzyme Electrochemistry......Page 362
References......Page 377
Further Reading......Page 379