Technical Graphics Communication, 3rd edition

Title
Contents
Part One Visual Science for Technical Graphics
	1 Introduction to Graphics Communications,
		Objectives,
		1.1 Introduction,
		1.2 Human Communications Systems,
		1.3 The Importance of Technical Graphics,
			1.3.1 Visualization,
				1.3.2 Communication,
				1.3.3 Documentation,
		1.4 The History of Graphics Communications,
			1.4.1 Descriptive Geometry,
				1.4.2 Computer Graphics,
		1.5 Visual Science,
			Design in Industry CAE in Action: Skate Blades on the Cutting Edge,
				1.5.1 Geometry,
				1.5.2 Standards and Conventions,
		1.6 What You Will Learn,
		1.7 Specialists and Technical Drawings,
		1.8 Engineering Technology,
		1.9 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
	2 The Engineering Design Process,
		Objectives,
		2.1 Design,
			2.1.1 Aesthetic Design,
			2.1.2 Functional Design,
		2.2 Engineering Design,
			2.2.1 Product Design,
			2.2.2 System Design,
			2.2.3 Traditional Engineering Design,
			2.2.4 Concurrent Engineering Design,
			2.2.5 Collaborative Engineering,
			2.2.6 Virtual Product Representation,
			2.2.7 Prototyping,
			Historical Highlight Leonardo da Vinci,
			2.2.8 Productivity Tools,
			2.2.9 EDM/PDM,
			2.2.10 Internet, Intranet, and Extranet,
			2.2.11 The Digital Enterprise,
			2.2.12 e-Business,
			2.2.13 Design Teams,
			2.2.14 Members of Design Teams,
			Design in Industry Faucet Maker Moen Uses the Web to Streamline Design,
		2.3 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
	3 Technical Drawing Tools,
		Objectives,
		3.1 Technical Drawing Tools,
		3.2 Computer-Aided Drawing Tools,
			3.2.1 The Central Processing Unit (CPU),
				3.2.2 Computer Operating System,
				3.2.3 Display Devices,
				3.2.4 Input Devices,
				3.2.5 Output Devices,
			Historical Highlight Archimedes,
				3.2.6 Storage Devices and Media,
		3.3 Traditional Tools,
			3.3.1 Straightedges,
				3.3.2 Protractors,
				3.3.3 Pencils,
			Design in Industry Virtual Reality Changes the Face of Design,
				3.3.4 Drawing Paper,
				3.3.5 Triangles,
		3.4 Line Drawing Techniques,
			3.4.1 Erasing,
				3.4.2 Drawing a Line through Two Points,
				3.4.3 Drawing Parallel Lines,
				3.4.4 Drawing Perpendicular Lines,
				3.4.5 Drawing Lines at Angles Relative to a Given Line,
				3.4.6 Drawing Irregular Curves,
		3.5 Scales,
			3.5.1 Architect’s Scale,
				3.5.2 Civil Engineer’s Scale,
				3.5.3 Mechanical Engineer’s Scale,
				3.5.4 Metric Scale,
		3.6 Drawing Instrument Set,
			3.6.1 Compass,
				3.6.2 Dividers,
		3.7 Templates,
		3.8 Technique for Laying Out a Drawing Sheet,
		3.9 Technique for Drawing Using Traditional Tools,
			Design in Industry 3-D Design Pays off for Bose Corporation,
		3.10 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Problems,
	4 Sketching and Text,
		Objectives,
		4.1 Technical Sketching,
			4.1.1 Freehand Sketching Tools,
			Design in Industry Sketch Modeling with CAD,
			Historical Highlight Very Early Attempts at Drawing,
				4.1.2 CAD Sketching Tools,
		4.2 Sketching Technique,
			4.2.1 Straight Lines,
				4.2.2 Curved Lines,
				4.2.3 Contour Sketching,
				4.2.4 Negative Space Sketching,
				4.2.5 Upside-Down Sketching,
		4.3 Proportions and Construction Lines,
		4.4 Types of Sketches,
		4.5 Introduction to Projections,
			4.5.1 Isometric Pictorials,
				4.5.2 Isometric Ellipses,
				4.5.3 Isometric Grid Paper,
				4.5.4 Oblique Pictorials,
				4.5.5 Multiview Projections,
			Design in Industry Concept to Victory in 7 Months,
		4.6 Multiview Sketching Technique,
			4.6.1 Line Conventions,
				4.6.2 Precedence of Lines,
				4.6.3 Conventional Practices for Circles and Arcs,
		4.7 Multiview Sketches,
			4.7.1 One-View Sketches,
				4.7.2 Two-View Sketches,
				4.7.3 Three-View Sketches,
		4.8 Perspective Projection,
			4.8.1 One-Point Perspective Sketch,
				4.8.2 Two-Point Perspective Sketch,
				4.8.3 Perspective Circles,
		4.9 Lettering,
			4.9.1 Lettering Standards,
				4.9.2 Hand Lettering,
				4.9.3 Alternate Text Styles,
				4.9.4 Computer Lettering Technique,
		4.10 Text on Drawings,
		4.11 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
			Hints for Isometric Sketching,
			Hints for Multiview Sketching,
			Stapler Modeling Project 3-D Modeling Project,
	5 Design Visualization,
		Objectives,
		5.1 Visualization Abilities,
		5.2 The Visualization Cycle,
			Vision,
		5.3 Design Visualization,
		5.4 Solid Object Features,
			5.4.1 Solid Object Attributes,
		5.5 Visualization Techniques for Technical Drawings,
			5.5.1 Image Planes,
				5.5.2 Object-Image Plane Orientation,
				5.5.3 Multiple-Image Planes,
				5.5.4 Choosing a View to Describe an Object,
		5.6 Other Visualization Techniques,
			5.6.1 Alternative Projection Techniques,
				5.6.2 Shading,
			Historical Highlight Early Technical Drawings,
				5.6.3 Visualizing Multiple Objects,
		5.7 Graphical Analysis of Engineering Data,
			5.7.1. Data Visualization Elements,
				5.7.2 Visualizations for One Independent Variable,
			Design in Industry Scientific Visualization,
				5.7.3 Visualizations for Two Independent Variables,
		5.8 Virtual Reality and Visualization,
			Design in Industry Sikorsky Helibus,
		5.9 Visualization Uses,
			5.9.1 Mechanical Design,
				5.9.2 Civil Projects,
				5.9.3 Future Directions,
			3-D Modeling Project Chapter 5 Stapler Modeling Project,
		5.10 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
			General Instructions for Problems 5.
			through 5.42,
Part Two Fundamentals of Technical Graphics
	6 Engineering Geometry and Construction,
		Objectives,
			6.1 Engineering Geometry,
			6.2 Shape Description,
			6.3 Coordinate Space,
				6.3.1 Right-Hand Rule,
					6.3.2 Polar Coordinates,
		6.3.3 Cylindrical Coordinates,
		6.3.4 Spherical Coordinates,
		6.3.5 Absolute and Relative Coordinates,
		6.3.6 World and Local Coordinate Systems,
		6.4 Geometric Elements,
		6.5 Points, Lines, Circles, and Arcs,
			6.5.1 Points,
				6.5.2 Lines,
				6.5.3 Tangencies,
			Historical Highlight Early Technical Drawings Become More Refined,
				6.5.4 Circles,
			Design in Industry New Tools Help Link Computer-Aided Industrial Design with Mechanical CAD,
				6.5.5 Ogee Curves,
				6.5.6 Irregular Curves of Arcs,
				6.5.7 Rectified Arcs,
		6.6 Conic Curves,
			6.6.1 Parabolas,
				6.6.2 Hyperbolas,
				6.6.3 Ellipses,
		6.7 Roulettes,
			6.7.1 Spirals,
				6.7.2 Cycloids,
				6.7.3 Involutes,
		6.8 Double-Curved Lines, Including Helixes,
		6.9 Freeform Curves,
			6.9.1 Spline Curves,
				6.9.2 Bezier and B-Spline Curves,
		6.10 Angles,
			6.10.1 Bisecting an Angle,
				6.10.2 Transferring an Angle,
		6.11 Planes,
		6.12 Surfaces,
			6.12.1 Two-Dimensional Surfaces,
				6.12.2 Ruled Surfaces,
				6.12.3 Double-Curved Surfaces,
				6.12.4 Freeform Surfaces,
				6.12.5 Fractal Curves and Surfaces,
		6.13 Summary,
			3-D Modeling Project Chapter 6: Stapler Modeling Project,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
	7 Three-Dimensional Modeling,
		Objectives,
			7.1 Historical Overview,
			7.2 Wireframe Modeling,
			7.3 Surface Modeling,
			7.4 Solid Modeling,
				7.4.1 Primitive Modeling,
					7.4.2 Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) Modeling,
					7.4.3 Boundary Representation (B-Rep) Modeling,
					7.4.4 Hybrid Modeling,
			7.5 Constraint-Based Modeling,
				Historical Highlight Ivan Sutherland (1938– ),
					7.5.1 Planning,
					7.5.2 Sources of Data,
					7.5.3 Eventual Model Use,
					7.5.4 Modeling Standards,
			7.6 Feature Analysis,
			7.7 Feature Definition,
				7.7.1 Features from Generalized Sweeps,
					7.7.2 Construction Geometry,
					7.7.3 Sketching the Profile,
					7.7.4 Constraining the Profile,
					7.7.5 Completing the Feature Definition,
					7.7.6 Feature Planning Strategies,
				Design in Industry Design of Tollway Extension,
			7.8 Editing Part Features,
				7.8.1 Understanding Feature Order,
					7.8.2 Editing Feature Properties,
			7.9 Duplicating Part Features,
			7.10 Assembly Modeling,
			7.11 Geometric Transformations,
			7.12 3-D Viewing Techniques,
				7.12.1 The View Camera,
					7.12.2 View Camera Operation,
					7.12.3 View Camera Strategy,
			7.13 3-D Modeling and the Design Process,
				7.13.1 Sketch Modeling,
					7.13.2 Prototyping,
					7.13.3 Parts Management,
					7.13.4 Analysis,
				Design in Industry Popular Notebook Computer Owes Success of Keyboard Design to CAD,
			7.14 Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM),
			7.15 Data Associativity,
			7.16 Documentation,
			7.17 Data Exchange Standards,
			7.18 Summary,
				Questions for Review,
				Further Reading,
				Problems,
	8 Multiview Drawings,
		Objectives,
			8.1 Projection Theory,
				8.1.1 Line of Sight (LOS),
					8.1.2 Plane of Projection,
					8.1.3 Parallel versus Perspective Projection,
			8.2 Multiview Projection Planes,
				8.2.1 Frontal Plane of Projection,
					8.2.2 Horizontal Plane of Projection,
					8.2.3 Profile Plane of Projection,
					8.2.4 Orientation of Views from Projection Planes,
				Design in Industry Using Parametrics with an Agile Manufacturing Strategy,
			8.3 Advantages of Multiview Drawings,
			8.4 The Six Principal Views,
				8.4.1 Conventional View Placement,
				Historical Highlight Multiview Drawings,
					8.4.2 First- and Third-Angle Projection,
					8.4.3 Adjacent Views,
					8.4.4 Related Views,
					8.4.5 Central View,
					8.4.6 Line Conventions,
					8.4.7 Multiviews from 3-D CAD Models,
			8.5 View Selection,
			8.6 Fundamental Views of Edges and Planes,
				8.6.1 Edge Lines,
					8.6.2 Principal Planes,
					8.6.3 Inclined Planes,
					8.6.4 Oblique Planes,
			8.7 Multiview Representations,
				8.7.1 Points,
					8.7.2 Planes,
					8.7.3 Change of Planes (Edge Lines),
					8.7.4 Angles on Planes,
					8.7.5 Curved Surfaces,
					8.7.6 Holes,
					8.7.7 Fillets, Rounds, Finished Surfaces, and Chamfers,
					8.7.8 Runouts,
					8.7.9 Elliptical Surfaces,
					8.7.10 Irregular or Space Curves,
					8.7.11 Intersecting Cylinders,
					8.7.12 Cylinders Intersecting Prisms and Holes,
			8.8 Multiview Drawing Visualization,
				8.8.1 Projection Studies,
					8.8.2 Physical Model Construction,
					8.8.3 Adjacent Areas,
					8.8.4 Similar Shapes,
					8.8.5 Surface Labeling,
					8.8.6 Missing Lines,
					8.8.7 Vertex Labeling,
					8.8.8 Analysis by Solids,
					8.8.9 Analysis by Surfaces,
			8.9 ANSI Standards for Multiview Drawings,
				8.9.1 Partial Views,
					8.9.2 Revolution Conventions,
					8.9.3 Removed Views,
				3-D Modeling Project Chapter 8: Stapler Modeling Project,
			8.10 Summary,
				Questions for Review,
				Problems,
				Classic Problems,
	9 Axonometric and Oblique Drawings,
		Objectives,
			9.1 Axonometric Drawings,
				9.1.1 Axonometric Drawing Classification,
			9.2 Isometric Axonometric Projections,
				9.2.1 Isometric Axonometric Drawings,
				Historical Highlight Isometric Drawings,
				Design in Industry Design for the Environment (DFE),
			9.3 Dimetric Projection,
				9.3.1 Approximate Dimetric Drawings,
					9.3.2 Dimetric Scales and Ellipse Angles,
			9.4 Trimetric Projection,
			9.5 Oblique Drawings,
				9.5.1 Oblique Projection Theory,
					9.5.2 Oblique Drawing Classifications,
					9.5.3 Object Orientation Rules,
					9.5.4 Oblique Drawing Construction,
					9.5.5 Standards for Dimensions,
			9.6 Summary,
				Questions for Review,
				Further Reading,
				Problems,
				3-D Modeling Project Chapter 9: Stapler Modeling Project,
				Classic Problems,
	10 Perspective Drawings,
		Objectives,
		10.1 Background,
		10.2 Terminology,
			Historical Highlight Perspective Drawings,
		10.3 Perspective Drawing Classifications,
		10.4 Variables Selection,
		10.5 One-Point Perspectives,
			10.5.1 Plan View Method,
				Design in Industry Using CAD/CAM to Design a New Tennis Racket,
				10.5.2 Circular Features,
		10.6 Two-Point Perspectives,
			10.6.1 Plan View Method,
				10.6.2 Measuring Line Method,
		10.7 Objects Behind the Picture Plane,
		10.8 Perspective Grids,
		10.9 CAD Perspective Drawings,
		10.10 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
				Further Reading,
				Problems,
	11 Auxiliary Views,
		Objectives,
		11.1 Auxiliary View Projection Theory,
			11.1.1 Fold-Line Method,
				11.1.2 Reference Plane Method,
		11.2 Auxiliary View Classifications,
			11.2.1 Reference or Fold-Line Labeling Conventions,
				11.2.2 Depth Auxiliary View,
			11.2.3 Height Auxiliary View,
			11.2.4 Width Auxiliary View,
			11.2.5 Partial Auxiliary Views,
			11.2.6 Half Auxiliary Views,
			11.2.7 Curves,
			Historical Highlight Doug Engelbart (1925– ),
			Design in Industry Project Extranets Coordinate Engineering Projects across the Globe,
			11.2.8 Auxiliary Views Using CAD,
		11.3 Auxiliary View Applications,
			11.3.1 Reverse Construction,
			11.3.2 View in a Specified Direction: Point View of a Line,
			11.3.3 Dihedral Angles,
			11.3.4 Successive Auxiliary Views: True Size of Oblique Surfaces,
		11.4 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Problems,
Part Three Descriptive Geometry
	12 Fundamentals of Descriptive Geometry,
		Objectives,
		12.1 Descriptive Geometry Methods,
		12.2 Reference Planes,
		12.3 Points,
		12.4 The Coordinate System,
		12.5 Lines,
			12.5.1 Spatial Location of a Line,
			12.5.2 Point on a Line,
			12.5.3 True Length of a Line,
			Historical Highlight Gaspard Monge,
			12.5.4 Point View of a Line,
		12.6 Planes,
			12.6.1 Principal Views of Planes,
			12.6.2 Edge View of a Plane,
			12.6.3 True Size of a Plane,
			12.6.4 Angle between Two Planes,
		12.7 Summary,
			Design in Industry Using Solid Modeling for New Product Development,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
	13 Intersections and Developments,
		Objectives,
		13.1 Intersections and Developments,
		13.2 Intersections,
			13.2.1 Correct Multiview Representations: Visibility,
			13.2.2 Intersection of Two Lines,
			13.2.3 Intersection of a Line and a Plane,
			13.2.4 Intersection of Two Planes,
			Historical Highlight Thomas Ewing French (1871–1944),
			13.2.5 Intersection of a Plane and a Solid,
			13.2.6 Intersection of Two Solids,
			Design in Industry Design for Manufacturability (DFM) Reduces Number of Fasteners,
			13.2.7 CAD Techniques,
		13.3 Developments,
			13.3.1 Classifications,
			13.3.2 Creating Developments,
			13.3.3 Transition Piece Developments,
			13.3.4 Approximate Developments,
			13.3.5 CAD Techniques,
		13.4 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
Part Four Standard Technical Graphics Practices
	14 Section Views,
		Objectives,
		14.1 Sectioning Basics,
			14.1.1 CAD Technique,
			14.1.2 Visualization of Section Views,
		14.2 Cutting Plane Lines,
			14.2.1 Placement of Cutting Plane Lines,
		14.3 Section Line Practices,
			14.3.1 Material Symbols,
			14.3.2 Drawing Techniques,
			14.3.3 Outline Sections,
			14.3.4 Thin Wall Sections,
		14.4 Section View Types,
			14.4.1 Full Sections,
			14.4.2 Half Sections,
			14.4.3 Broken-Out Sections,
			14.4.4 Revolved Sections,
			14.4.5 Removed Sections,
			14.4.6 Offset Sections,
			14.4.7 Assembly Sections,
			Historical Highlight Doug Engelbart (1925– ),
			14.4.8 Auxiliary Sections,
		14.5 Special Sectioning Conventions,
			14.5.1 Ribs, Webs, and Other Thin Features,
			14.5.2 Aligned Sections,
			Design in Industry Adjustable Mountain Bike Suspension,
			14.5.3 Conventional Breaks,
		14.6 3-D CAD Techniques,
		14.7 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Problems,
			Classic Problems,
	15 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Practices,
		Objectives,
		15.1 Dimensioning,
		15.2 Size and Location Dimensions,
			15.2.1 Units of Measure,
			15.2.2 Terminology,
			15.2.3 Basic Concepts,
			15.2.4 Size Dimensions,
			15.2.5 Location and Orientation Dimensions,
			15.2.6 Coordinate Dimensions,
			15.2.7 Standard Practices,
		15.3 Detail Dimensioning,
			15.3.1 Diameter versus Radius,
			15.3.2 Holes and Blind Holes,
			15.3.3 Counterbored Holes,
			15.3.4 Spotfaces,
			15.3.5 Countersinks,
			15.3.6 Screw Threads,
			15.3.7 Grooves,
			15.3.8 Manufacturers’ Gages,
		15.4 Dimensioning Techniques,
			Design in Industry Rapid Prototyping,
			15.4.1 The Dimensioning Process,
			15.4.2 Dimensioning Guidelines,
			15.4.3 ASME Standard Dimensioning Rules,
		15.5 Tolerancing,
			15.5.1 Interchangeability,
		15.6 Tolerance Representation,
			15.6.1 General Tolerances,
			15.6.2 Limit Dimensions,
			15.6.3 Plus and Minus Dimensions,
			15.6.4 Single Limit Dimensions,
			15.6.5 Important Terms,
			15.6.6 Fit Types,
			15.6.7 Fit Type Determination,
			15.6.8 Tolerance Costs,
			15.6.9 Functional Dimensioning,
			15.6.10 Tolerance Stack-Up,
			15.6.11 Metric Limits and Fits,
			15.6.12 Standard Precision Fits: English Units,
		15.7 Tolerances in CAD,
			15.7.1 Geometric Accuracy,
			15.7.2 Associative Dimensioning,
		15.8 Summary,
			3-D Modeling Project Chapter 15: Stapler Modeling Project,
			Questions for Review,
			Problems,
	16 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GDT),
		Objectives,
		16.1 Overview,
		16.2 GDT Symbols,
		16.3 Individual Feature of Size,
		16.4 Maximum Material Condition,
			16.4.1 Material Condition Symbols,
			16.4.2 Departure from MMC,
			16.4.3 Perfect Form at MMC,
			16.4.4 Separation of Control Types,
		16.5 Inspection Tools,
		16.6 Datums and Datum Features,
			16.6.1 Datum Uses,
			16.6.2 Datums and Assembly,
			16.6.3 Datum Feature Control,
			16.6.4 Datum Reference Frame,
			16.6.5 Primary Datum,
			16.6.6 Secondary and Tertiary Datums,
			16.6.7 Datum Feature Symbols,
			Design in Industry Companies Collaborate to Produce Ships Faster,
		16.7 Geometric Controls,
			16.7.1 Perfection,
			16.7.2 Tolerance Zones,
			16.7.3 Virtual Condition,
			16.7.4 Inspection Processes,
			16.7.5 Form Controls,
			16.7.6 Orientation Controls,
			16.7.7 Location Controls,
		16.8 Tolerance Calculations,
			16.8.1 Floating Fastener Tolerancing,
			16.8.2 Fixed Fastener Tolerancing,
			16.8.3 Hole Diameter Tolerancing,
		16.9 Design Applications,
			16.9.1 Five-Step GDT Process,
			16.9.2 Application Example,
		16.10 Statistical Process Control,
			16.10.1 SPC and Geometrics,
			16.10.2 Tolerance Analysis,
		16.11 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Problems,
	17 Fastening Devices and Methods,
		Objectives,
		17.1 Fasteners,
		17.2 Threaded Fasteners,
			17.2.1 Applications,
			17.2.2 Thread Terminology,
		17.3 Thread Specifications: English System,
			17.3.1 Form,
			17.3.2 Series,
			17.3.3 Class of Fit,
			17.3.4 Single and Multiple Threads,
			17.3.5 Right- and Left-Hand Threads,
			17.3.6 Thread Pitch,
			17.3.7 Thread Notes,
			17.3.8 Thread Grades,
			Design in Industry Computer Simulation Reduces Production Time for Composite Aircraft Parts,
		17.4 Thread Specifications: Metric System,
		17.5 Thread Tables,
		17.6 Thread Drawings,
			17.6.1 Simplified Representation,
			17.6.2 Schematic Representation,
			17.6.3 Assembly Sections,
			17.6.4 Pipe Threads,
			17.6.5 CAD Techniques,
		17.7 Design for Assembly (DFA),
		17.8 Standard Bolts, Studs, and Screws,
			17.8.1 Standard Bolts,
			17.8.2 Standard Nuts,
			17.8.3 Head Style Design Considerations,
			17.8.4 Standard Cap Screws,
			17.8.5 Standard Machine Screws,
			17.8.6 Standard Set Screws,
			17.8.7 Other Threaded Fastener Types,
			17.8.8 Locking Devices,
			17.8.9 Templates,
			17.8.10 CAD Techniques,
		17.9 Nonthreaded Fasteners,
			17.9.1 Standard Plain Washers,
			17.9.2 Standard Lock Washers,
			17.9.3 Pins,
			17.9.4 Keys,
			17.9.5 Rivets,
		17.10 Springs,
		17.11 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
	18 Integrated Production, Automation and Manufacturing Processes, and the Role of Technical Graphics,
		Objectives,
		18.1 Introduction,
		18.2 Integration in Manufacturing,
			18.2.1 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,
			Historical Highlight, Production Management,
			18.2.2 Rapid Prototyping,
			18.2.3 Design for Manufacturability and Assembly,
			Design in Industry Guitar maker sets new standards with CAD/CAM,
			18.2.4 Computer Simulations and Workplace Models,
		18.3 Manufacturing Planning, Controlling, and Processing,
			18.3.1 Planning,
			18.3.2 Controlling and Processing,
		18.4 Quality in Manufacturing,
			18.4.1 The Rise of Total Quality Management,
			18.4.2 Manufacturing Quality Control,
		18.5 The New Philosophies Driving Manufacturing Operations,
			18.5.1 Just-in-Time Manufacturing,
			18.5.2 The Toyota Production System,
			18.5.3 The Emergence of “Lean Production,”
		18.6 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			References and Sources for Further Reading,
	19 Working Drawings,
		Objectives,
		19.1 Basic Concepts,
		19.2 Working Drawings,
			19.2.1 Detail Drawings,
			19.2.2 Assembly Drawings,
			19.2.3 Part Numbers,
			19.2.4 Drawing Numbers,
			19.2.5 Title Blocks,
			19.2.6 Parts Lists,
			19.2.7 Part Identification,
			19.2.8 Revision Block,
			19.2.9 Scale Specifications,
			19.2.10 Tolerance Specifications,
			19.2.11 Zones,
			19.2.12 Accuracy Checks,
			19.2.13 Tabular Drawings,
			Design in Industry Integration of CAD and FEA within chassis development at BMW,
			19.2.14 Working Assembly Drawing,
			19.2.15 Engineering Change Orders,
		19.3 Reprographics,
			19.3.1 Drawing Storage: Traditional Drawings,
			19.3.2 Reproduction Techniques,
			19.3.3 Digital Technologies,
		19.4 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Problems,
			3-D Modeling Project Chapter 19: Stapler Modeling Project,
			Classic Problems,
Part Five Technical Graphics in Industry
	20 Design in Industry,
		Objectives and Overview,
		20.1 The Engineering Design Process,
		20.2 Types of Design Projects,
		20.3 Ideation,
			20.3.1 Problem Identification,
			20.3.2 Preliminary Ideas Statement,
			20.3.3 Preliminary Design,
			20.3.4 Ideation Resources,
			20.3.5 The Designer’s Notebook,
		20.4 Refinement,
			20.4.1 Modeling,
			20.4.2 Computer Simulation and Animation,
			20.4.3 Design Analysis,
		20.5 Design Review Meetings,
		20.6 Implementation,
			20.6.1 Planning,
			20.6.2 Production,
			20.6.3 Marketing,
			20.6.4 Finance,
			20.6.5 Management,
			20.6.6 Service,
			Historical Highlight Standards,
			20.6.7 Documentation,
			Design in Industry CAD Tools Give Competitive Sailing Teams a Competitive Edge,
		20.7 Drawing Control,
			20.7.1 Product Data Control,
			20.7.2 File Management,
			20.7.3 ISO 9000,
		20.8 Other Engineering Design Methods,
		20.9 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
		Supplement Design Problems,
			General Instructions,
			Problems,
			Reverse Engineering Problems,
			Problem-Solving Activities,
	21 Technical Data Presentation,
		Objectives,
		21.1 Data Visualization in Engineering and Design,
		21.2 Data Visualization Elements,
			21.2.1 Data Types,
			21.2.2 Marks,
			21.2.3 Encoding Data Variables,
		21.3 Visualization Methods,
			21.3.1 Visualizations for One Independent Variable,
			21.3.2 Visualizations for Two Independent Variables,
			21.3.3 Visualizations for Functional Relationships,
		21.4 Object Rendering,
			21.4.1 The Rendering Pipeline,
			21.4.2 Visible Surface Determination,
			21.4.3 Light Definition,
			Design in Industry Custom Bike Maker Uses FEA Software to Design and Engineer Carbon Fiber Bicycles,
			21.4.4 Basic Shading Techniques,
			21.4.5 Advanced Shading Techniques,
			21.4.6 Color Definition,
			21.4.7 Surface Detail Definitions,
		21.5 Information Integration,
			21.5.1 Text and Graphics,
			21.5.2 Animation,
			21.5.3 Hypermedia,
		21.6 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
	22 Mechanisms: Gears, Cams, Bearings, and Linkages,
		Objectives,
		22.1 Basic Definitions,
		22.2 Gears,
			22.2.1 Gear Classifications,
			22.2.2 Parallel Shafting,
			22.2.3 Intersecting Shafting,
			22.2.4 Nonintersecting Shafting,
			22.2.5 Gear Teeth Geometry,
			22.2.6 Pressure Angle,
			22.2.7 Gear and Pinion Ratios,
			22.2.8 Spur Gears: Definitions and Formulas,
			22.2.9 Spur Gears: Graphical Representation,
			22.2.10 CAD Applications,
			22.2.11 Racks,
			22.2.12 Worm Gears,
			22.2.13 Bevel Gears,
		22.3 Cams,
			22.3.1 Cam Types,
			22.3.2 Follower Types,
			22.3.3 Displacement Diagrams,
			22.3.4 Motion Types,
			22.3.5 Uniform Motion Displacement Diagram,
			22.3.6 Harmonic Motion Displacement Diagram,
			22.3.7 Uniformly Accelerated Motion Displacement Diagram,
			Design in Industry Initiative Aims to Cut Aircraft Design Time in Half,
			22.3.8 Combination Motion Displacement Diagram,
			22.3.9 Cam Profile,
			22.3.10 Offset CAM Profile Drawing,
			22.3.11 CAD Applications,
		22.4 Linkages,
			22.4.1 Symbols,
			22.4.2 Linkage Types,
			22.4.3 Linkage Analysis,
		22.5 Bearings,
			22.5.1 Plain Bearings,
			22.5.2 Rolling Contact Bearings,
			22.5.3 Graphical Representations,
		22.6 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Problems,
	23 Electronic Drawings,
		Objectives,
		23.1 Block Diagrams,
		23.2 Schematic Drawings,
			Design in Industry Design for Assembly: Building a Simpler Computer,
		23.3 Wiring and Cabling Diagrams,
		23.4 Printed Circuit Boards,
			23.4.1 Circuit Board Drawings,
			23.4.2 Circuit Board Layout and Design,
			23.4.3 CAD Layout and Design Software,
		23.5 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
	24 Piping Drawings,
		Objectives,
		24.1 Overview,
		24.2 Pipe Types,
			24.2.1 Steel,
			24.2.2 Cast Iron,
			24.2.3 Copper,
			24.2.4 Plastic,
			24.2.5 Other Pipe Materials,
		24.3 Pipe Connections,
			24.3.1 Weld Connections,
			24.3.2 Screw Connections,
			24.3.3 Flange Connections,
		24.4 Pipe Fittings,
		24.5 Valves,
		24.6 Pipe Drawings,
			24.6.1 Plan Drawings,
			24.6.2 Isometric Drawings,
			Design in Industry Use of 3-D Modeling Reduces New Pharmaceutical Plant Lead Time by 2 Months,
			24.6.3 Spool Drawings,
			24.6.4 Dimensions and Notes,
		24.7 CAD-Based Process Plant Design Programs,
		24.8 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Further Reading,
			Problems,
	25 Welding Drawings,
		Objectives,
		25.1 Overview,
		25.2 Welding Processes,
			25.2.1 Gas and Arc Welding,
			25.2.2 Resistance Welding,
		25.3 Welded Joint Types,
		25.4 Weld Symbols,
		25.5 Weld Types,
			25.5.1 Fillet Welds,
			25.5.2 Groove Welds,
			25.5.3 Plug Welds,
			25.5.4 Spot Welds,
			25.5.5 Seam Welds,
			25.5.6 Surface Welds,
		25.6 Weld Length and Increments,
		25.7 Welding Templates,
		25.8 Weld Symbols and CAD,
		25.9 Summary,
			Questions for Review,
			Problems,
GLOSSARY, G-
APPENDIXES, A-
INDEX, I-