Teaching and Learning Rural Livelihoods: A Guide for Educators, Students, and Practitioners

Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Book
Part I: Introduction to Rural Livelihoods (Chaps. 1–3)
Part II: Synthesis of the Present State of Knowledge (Chapters 4–10)
Part III: Strengthening the Knowledge Action Pathway (Chapters 11–13)
Contents
About the Author
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Boxes
Part I: Introduction to Rural Livelihoods
	Chapter 1: Evolution of Rural Livelihood Approaches
		1.1 Trends in Rural Development Thinking
		1.2 Conceptualizing Rural Livelihoods
		1.3 Rural Livelihood Approaches
			1.3.1 Sustainable Livelihoods Approach
			1.3.2 Commons and Livelihoods
			1.3.3 Livelihood Trajectory
			1.3.4 Rights-Based Approach
			1.3.5 Graduation Approach
			1.3.6 Resilience Framework
		1.4 Patterns in Development Studies
		1.5 Linking Livelihoods with Science, Policy, and Practice
		1.6 Livelihoods, Development, and Resilience
		References
	Chapter 2: Structural Transformation and Rural Livelihoods
		2.1 Economic Growth and Employment
		2.2 Structural Change of the Economy
			2.2.1 Historical Pathway of Structural Change
			2.2.2 Structural Transformation in Latin American Countries
			2.2.3 Structural Transformation in Other Countries of Asia and SSA
		2.3 Growth in the Rural Non-Farm Sector
			2.3.1 Growth in the Rural Non-Farm Sector in India
			2.3.2 Growth in the Rural Non-Farm Sector in SSA
		2.4 Persistence of Smallholder Farmers
		2.5 Structural Transformation, Rural Development, and Poverty Reduction
		References
	Chapter 3: SDGs and Continued Relevance of Rural Livelihoods
		3.1 The Disintegration of the Third World
		3.2 The MDGs: Shared Global Goals
			3.2.1 Making a Dent on Global Poverty
			3.2.2 Poverty Concentrating in SSA and South Asia
			3.2.3 Lagging in Non-Income Goals
			3.2.4 Severe Decline in Natural Capital
			3.2.5 Rising World Population and Inequity
		3.3 SDGs: Charting a Sustainable Trajectory
		3.4 SDGs: End Poverty in all Forms Everywhere
		3.5 Challenges in Ending Global Poverty
		3.6 Future Projections of Global Poverty
		3.7 Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Global Poverty
		3.8 The Way Forward
		References
Part II: Synthesis of the Present State of Knowledge
	Chapter 4: Sustainable Livelihoods Approach
		4.1 Sustainable Livelihoods Approach
		4.2 Sustainable Livelihood Principles
		4.3 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
		4.4 Critical Analysis
		4.5 Innovations in Research and Practice
		4.6 The Way Forward
		References
	Chapter 5: Commons and Livelihoods
		5.1 Nature of Common Environment Goods
		5.2 Contribution of the Commons to Rural Livelihoods
		5.3 The Tragedy of the Commons
		5.4 Common Property Regimes
		5.5 Drivers of Successful CPR Management
		5.6 Implications for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods
		References
	Chapter 6: Livelihood Trajectories
		6.1 The Dynamic Nature of Poverty
		6.2 Livelihood Trajectories
		6.3 Assessing the Trajectory Using Mixed Methods
			6.3.1 Stages-of-Progress Approach
			6.3.2 Participatory Wellbeing Ranking
			6.3.3 Household Expenditure Surveys
		6.4 Qualitative Assessment of the Pathways
		6.5 Reconciling Quantitative and Qualitative Results
		6.6 Results of Livelihood Trajectory Studies
		6.7 Learnings from Practice
			6.7.1 Assessment of Poverty Status
			6.7.2 Discerning the Internal and External Drivers
			6.7.3 Limitations of the Process
		6.8 Implications for Policy
		6.8.1 References
	Chapter 7: Rights-Based Approach to Livelihoods
		7.1 Evolution of the Rights-Based Approach to Development
		7.2 Key Principles of the Rights-Based Approach to Development
		7.3 Rights-Based Approach to Development in Practice
		7.4 Challenges to Development as a Human Right
		7.5 Lessons Learnt and Way Forward
		References
	Chapter 8: Graduation Approach for the Ultra-poor
		8.1 Ultra-poor Getting Left Behind
		8.2 The Genesis of the Graduation Approach
		8.3 Key Elements of the Graduation Approach
		8.4 Graduation Approach in Practice
		8.5 Graduation Trajectories
		8.6 Challenges and Contextual Factors
		8.7 Graduation and the Way Forward
		References
	Chapter 9: Livelihood Resilience
		9.1 Resilience Thinking Gaining Prominence
		9.2 The Conceptualization of Resilience
		9.3 Differentiating Resilience
		9.4 Measuring Household Livelihood Resilience
		9.5 Lessons from Research and Practice
		9.6 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 10: Synthesis of the Approaches
		10.1 Synopsis of the Livelihood Approaches
			10.1.1 The DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Approach
			10.1.2 Commons and Livelihoods
			10.1.3 Livelihood Trajectories
			10.1.4 Rights-Based Approach
			10.1.5 Graduation Approach
			10.1.6 Resilience Approach
		10.2 A Comparative Analysis
		10.3 Creative Integration of the Approaches
			10.3.1 Convergent Sequential
			10.3.2 Convergent Parallel
		10.4 The 3PT Development Framework
		10.5 The Takeaways
		References
Part III: Strengthening the Knowledge Action Pathway
	Chapter 11: Embedding Livelihood Approaches in Science, Policy, and Practice
		11.1 Understanding Poverty and Livelihoods
		11.2 Integrating RLAs in Research
		11.3 RLAs Informing Policy
		11.4 Applying RLAs in Planning
		11.5 RLAs in Monitoring and Evaluation
		11.6 Learnings and the Way Forward
		References
	Chapter 12: Mainstreaming Livelihood Approaches in Existing Practice
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Integrating RLAs in Project Planning
			12.2.1 Adding Value to the Logical Framework Approach (LFA)
			12.2.2 Enriching the Theory of Change (TOC)
		12.3 Integrate RLAs in Project Monitoring and Evaluation
		12.4 The W ay Forward
		References
	Chapter 13: The Way Forward
		13.1 Evolution of Livelihoods and Development Thinking
		13.2 Evolution and Sustenance of Rural Areas
		13.3 Emerging Issues
			13.3.1 Ending Poverty in Asia and SSA
			13.3.2 Creating Decent Jobs for the Less Educated
			13.3.3 Enabling Macro-Micro Linkages
		13.4 The Way Forward
			13.4.1 Setting the Livelihoods Agenda
			13.4.2 Adding Power and Politics to Livelihoods and Strengthening Delivery
			13.4.3 Alternatives to Project-Based Approach
			13.4.4 Strengthening the Density of Social Capital
			13.4.5 Future of Development Studies
			13.4.6 Building Resilience and Ending Poverty in the Anthropocene
		13.5 Concluding Remarks
		References
Index