Tailings and mine waste '04: proceedings of the Eleventh Tailings and Mine Waste Conference, 10-13 October 2004, Vail, Colorado, USA

Cover......Page 1
Tailings and Mine Waste ’04......Page 4
Table of contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
Organization......Page 12
Site characterization......Page 14
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 16
3 RESULTS......Page 17
4.1 Lake water changes with depth......Page 18
4.3 Reduced sediment samples from the lake......Page 19
4.4 Oxidized sediment from the lake inlet......Page 22
REFERENCES......Page 23
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 24
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE MOLYCORP DATABASE......Page 25
4  USE OF THE DATABASE......Page 26
10 SUMMARY......Page 27
REFERENCES......Page 28
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 30
5.2 Preliminary polygon delineation and field verification......Page 31
6.6 Barren areas......Page 32
7.3 Site edges......Page 35
8 SUMMARY......Page 36
REFERENCES......Page 37
Design, operation and disposal......Page 38
2 PERMITTING......Page 40
2.3 Corps of Engineers permitting and mitigation......Page 41
3.2 Detailed geotechnical investigation......Page 42
3.3 Embankment design......Page 43
4.3 Seal zone, filter zone, and transition material......Page 46
5.1 Tailing deposition......Page 47
5.3 Seepage collection......Page 48
5.4 Monitoring......Page 49
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 52
3 TAILINGS DIPOSITION SCHEME OF THE ORIGINAL PROJECT......Page 53
5 ALTERNATIVE ANALYZED......Page 54
6 OTHER ALTERNATIVES......Page 55
7.2 Results......Page 56
REFERENCES......Page 57
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 58
3 PILOT SCALE THICKENING SET-UP......Page 59
4.2 Slump tests......Page 61
5.1 Deposition slopes......Page 62
5.4 Slump and viscometric tests......Page 63
6.1 Pipeline pumping......Page 65
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 66
REFERENCES......Page 67
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 68
2 DIGITAL STEREO PHOTOGRAMMETRY......Page 69
3.1 Processing of the digital images......Page 70
4.1 Estimated gully erosion......Page 71
4.2 Relationship between cumulative gully erosion and rainfall......Page 72
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 73
REFERENCES......Page 74
2.1 Mechanisms oƒ tunnel erosion......Page 76
2.2 Preferential flow paths......Page 77
2.4 Material parameters for assessing potential for tunnel erosion......Page 78
2.6 Remediation of existing tunnel erosion......Page 79
4.1 Methodology......Page 80
4.3  Sensitivity analysis......Page 81
4.5 Implications for mine spoil rehabilitation......Page 82
REFERENCES......Page 83
2 BACKGROUND......Page 84
3.1 Makdisi & Seed (1978) approach......Page 85
3.2 Sarma (1979) approach......Page 86
4 CONCLUSION......Page 87
REFERENCES......Page 88
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 90
2.1 Methods......Page 91
2.2 Results......Page 92
2.3 Implications for water recovery......Page 94
3.2 Model calibration......Page 95
3.3 Implications for tailings management......Page 97
REFERENCES......Page 99
Geotechnical considerations......Page 100
2 THE CONSEQUENCES OF TAILINGS LIQUEFACTION......Page 102
3 THE PROPERTIES OF TAILINGS FROM HARD ROCK MINING......Page 103
4.1 Liquefaction defined......Page 104
4.3 Soil characteristics effecting the liquefaction resistance......Page 105
4.4 Evaluation of the potential for liquefaction......Page 106
4.5 Research on the liquefaction of nonplastic silt......Page 107
5.1 Research on the liquefaction potential of tailings......Page 108
5.3 In situ testing oƒ tailings deposits......Page 109
7 TAILINGS LIQUEFACTION RESEARCH PROGRAM......Page 110
REFERENCES......Page 111
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 114
2 CLUFF LAKE TMA DESCRIPTION......Page 115
4  LOWER SLIMES TEST PLOT DATA......Page 116
5 TEST PLOT DATA ANALYSIS......Page 118
6 CONSOLIDATION MODEL......Page 119
7 MODEL RESULTS......Page 120
REFERENCES......Page 121
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 122
2.3 Laboratory testing techniques......Page 123
3.2 Shear strength and sensitivity......Page 124
3.3 One dimensional compression and swelling......Page 125
3.4 Scanning electron microscopy......Page 126
4.1 Bonding of clay particles......Page 127
4.3 Practical application......Page 128
REFERENCES......Page 129
1.3 TDR for slope stability monitoring......Page 130
2.3 Advanced TDR analysis......Page 131
2.3.1 Noise filtering......Page 132
2.3.3 Spatial differentiation......Page 133
2.3.4 Trigger metric......Page 134
3 CONCLUSIONS......Page 135
REFERENCES......Page 136
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 138
2 FREDLUND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY SENSOR......Page 139
3 USING THE SENSORS......Page 140
4 CALIBRATION CURVES......Page 141
4.1 Determination of optimum current and time......Page 142
4.3 Resolution of measured suction......Page 143
5.1 Response time......Page 144
6 GENERAL APPLICATIONS......Page 145
REFERENCES......Page 146
Liners, covers and barriers......Page 148
2 FIELD SITE......Page 150
2.2 Vegetation properties......Page 151
4.1 UNSAT-H simulations......Page 152
5 SUMMARY......Page 154
REFERENCES......Page 155
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 156
2.4 Initial monitoring......Page 157
3.2 Other cover components......Page 158
3.4 Lysimeter design and construction......Page 159
4.1 Soil-water balance......Page 160
4.1.2 Soil-water storage and drainage measurements......Page 161
5.1 Soil water responses......Page 162
REFERENCES......Page 163
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 166
2.1 Trial cover design......Page 167
3.1 Salt crust development......Page 168
3.2 Cover system comparisons......Page 169
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 171
REFERENCES......Page 172
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 174
5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES......Page 175
7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 176
REFERENCES......Page 177
Groundwater and geochemistry......Page 178
3 BACKGROUND......Page 180
6.1 Groundwater modeling......Page 181
6.1.1 Conceptual model......Page 182
7 TREATABILITY......Page 183
8 CONCLUSIONS......Page 184
REFERENCES......Page 185
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 186
2 STUDY AREA......Page 187
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 188
REFERENCES......Page 195
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 198
2.1 Conceptual model......Page 199
2.2 Computer code......Page 200
2.3 Model construction......Page 201
3 STEADY-STATE FLOW SIMULATIONS......Page 202
3.1 Calibration......Page 203
3.2 Steady-state flows......Page 204
4 HISTORICAL FLOW AND TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS......Page 205
REFERENCES......Page 206
Remediation and reclamation......Page 208
1.2 Alkalinity producing systems (APS)......Page 210
1.3 Influent water quality......Page 211
2.3  Aeration/sedimentation pond......Page 212
3.3 Arsenic/iron......Page 213
3.5 Sulfate......Page 214
REFERENCES......Page 215
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 216
2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN......Page 217
3.1 Kinetics of pyrite oxidation......Page 218
3.3 Stability of FePO4-coated pyrite in H2O2......Page 219
3.4 Stability of FePO4-coated pyrite under the simulated field condition......Page 221
REFERENCES......Page 223
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 226
2.3.1 Sulfate measurements......Page 227
2.4.1 Extraction techniques......Page 228
3.3 pH measurements......Page 229
3.5 Sulfur, iron, cadmium and zinc accumulation in the columns......Page 230
3.8 Community profiles......Page 231
4.1 Observed overall performance comparison......Page 232
4.3 Microbial community dynamics......Page 233
REFERENCES......Page 234
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 236
2.1 Mining history......Page 237
2.3 Recent investigation......Page 238
2.4 Alternative evaluation......Page 239
3 DESIGN......Page 240
3.1 Waste consolidation and stabilization......Page 241
3.2 Water diversion......Page 242
3.4 Cap drainage......Page 243
3.6 Monitoring......Page 244
5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 245
REFERENCES......Page 246
1 HISTORY AND SITE SETTING......Page 248
2 NATURE AND EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION......Page 249
4 RECORD OF DECISION......Page 250
4.2 Ecological protection......Page 251
REFERENCES......Page 252
2 BACKGROUND......Page 254
4 STREAMLINED SITE INVESTIGATION APPROACH......Page 255
4.5 Mine site ranking procedure......Page 256
5.1 Rimini residential yard cleanup issues......Page 257
5.4 Water storage upgrades and flow augmentation......Page 258
REFERENCES......Page 259
2  RADON RELEASES AND DATA SOURCES......Page 260
3.3 Ore milled and tailings production......Page 261
3.4 Waste rock and low grade ore production......Page 262
3.5 Pre-m in ing radon fluxes......Page 263
3.6 Mining—open cut, underground and ISL......Page 264
3.8 Uranium ore milling......Page 265
3.10 Radium-contaminated areas......Page 267
3.11  Total project radon releases......Page 269
REFERENCES......Page 270
1  EXTENDED ABSTRACT......Page 274
REFERENCE......Page 277
Coal mining issues......Page 278
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 280
2.1 Experimental setup and operation......Page 281
2.2 Bench study results......Page 282
2.5 Longevity A nalysis......Page 283
3.2 Pilot system operation......Page 284
3.3 Pilot SRBR system performance......Page 285
REFERENCES......Page 287
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 288
2 LOCATING COAL SLURRY IMPOUNDMENTS......Page 289
4 COAL IMPOUNDMENT FAILURES DATABASE......Page 290
6 CONCLUSION......Page 291
1 BACKGROUND......Page 292
4 INFORMATION/DESIGN DOCUMENTATION......Page 293
6 EMERGENCY WARNING PLANS......Page 294
7 CONCLUSIONS......Page 295
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 296
Paste technologies......Page 298
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 300
2.1 Maximum rate of evaporation......Page 301
2.3 Sample calculations for extent of desiccation......Page 302
REFERENCES......Page 303
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 306
2.2 Materials......Page 307
3.1 Microstructural observations......Page 308
3.3 X-ray diffraction......Page 313
4 DISCUSSION......Page 315
5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 316
REFERENCES......Page 317
2 PASTE FOR DISPOSAL......Page 318
3.1 Deposition option......Page 319
3.3 Paste production......Page 320
4.6 Technology transfer......Page 321
REFERENCES......Page 322
New technologies and approaches......Page 324
1 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND......Page 326
3 2002 DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM OVERVIEW......Page 327
5.1 System design......Page 328
5.3 Operation and system modifications......Page 329
6.1 Sulfate reduction......Page 331
6.3 Treatment media and bed fouling......Page 333
6.4  Carbon efficiencies and temperature effects......Page 334
6.6 Nutrients......Page 335
6.10 Heavy metals......Page 336
7 CONCLUSIONS......Page 337
1.2 Thiocyanate for ARD prevention or control......Page 338
1.3.2 Stability of phosphate precipitates and coatings......Page 339
3 RESULTS......Page 340
4 DISCUSSION......Page 341
REFERENCES......Page 343
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 344
2.2 Field trial......Page 345
3.1 Field testing and observations......Page 349
4 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS......Page 351
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 352
2.1 Electro-osmotic dewatering of soils......Page 354
3.1 Mine tailings tested......Page 355
3.2.2 Laboratory tank tests......Page 356
4 DISCUSSION......Page 357
REFERENCES......Page 358
Policies and procedures......Page 360
1.2 A changing view of financial risk......Page 362
2.2 Midvale Slag Superfund Site case studies......Page 363
3.2.3 Cost overrun risk basics......Page 364
3.2.4 Extreme value theory (EVT)......Page 365
3.3.2 Present value measurements......Page 366
3.3.4 Commercially available risk management products......Page 368
3.4.1 Introduction......Page 369
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 370
5 SUMMARY......Page 371
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 372
3.2 Methodology......Page 373
4 DISCUSSION: IS THE AUSTRALIAN MINING INDUSTRY “SUSTAINABLE”?......Page 374
REFERENCES......Page 381
2.1 Written materials......Page 384
2.1.5 Residential information packets......Page 385
2.2.4 Regularly-placed newspaper ads......Page 386
2.3.2 Public meetings......Page 387
2.4  Other......Page 388
3.3.2 Clients......Page 389
3.4 Step 4—prepare a plan......Page 390
4.4 Satisfaction surveys......Page 391
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 392
REFERENCES......Page 393
Case histories......Page 394
1.3 Overview of mine waste disposal......Page 396
1.4 Strategies for achieving closure objectives......Page 397
2.2 “Store/release” waste rock dump cover system......Page 398
2.3 Performance monitoring of South Dump store/release cover......Page 399
2.4 Erosion from the side slopes of the waste rock dumps......Page 400
3.3 Potential for erosion oƒ tailings......Page 401
4 IN-PIT CO-DISPOSAL OF WASTE ROCK AND THICKENED TAILINGS......Page 402
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 403
REFERENCES......Page 404
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 406
2 MAPPING APPROACH......Page 407
3 MAPPING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ISSUES......Page 408
REFERENCES......Page 411
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 412
2  TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION......Page 413
3 TESTING PROGRAM......Page 414
4.1 Sequential removal of constituents of concern......Page 416
4.2 Lake stratification during treatment......Page 417
7.1 “Operationalizing” the AHPL treatment system......Page 418
REFERENCES......Page 419
2 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY......Page 420
4 PHASE IV DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS......Page 422
6 PHASE IV CONSTRUCTION......Page 424
7 CONSTRUCTION COMPARISON......Page 426
REFERENCES......Page 427
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 428
2.1 Historic operation sources......Page 429
2.3 Off-site sources......Page 430
3.2 Groundwater modeling—smelter site......Page 431
3.3 Extended hydraulic model—Erda area......Page 432
4.2 Smelter site water chemistry......Page 433
4.3 Erda area water chemistry......Page 434
4.5 Factors affecting water chemistry......Page 435
4.6 Geochemical evolution......Page 436
4.7 Isotopic compositions......Page 437
REFERENCES......Page 438
Author index......Page 439