Systems Engineering: Holistic Life Cycle Architecture Modeling and Design with Real-World Applications

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgment
Author Biography
Section 1: Systems Engineering Fundamentals
	Chapter 1: Systems Principles and Concepts
		1.1 Introduction and Purpose of the Book
		1.2 What Is a System?
		1.3 Defining Systems Engineering
		1.4 Why Is Systems Engineering Necessary
		1.5 Systems Thinking History
		1.6 Systems Principles
			1.6.1 Complexity
			1.6.2 Emergence
			1.6.3 Hierarchy
			1.6.4 Boundary
			1.6.5 System Dynamics (Behavior, System Elements)
			1.6.6 Systems Thinking
			1.6.7 State and Behavior
			1.6.8 Function
			1.6.9 Abstraction
			1.6.10 System Elements
			1.6.11 Relations
			1.6.12 Interactions
			1.6.13 View
			1.6.14 Parsimony
			1.6.15 Networks
			1.6.16 Dualism
			1.6.17 Holism
			1.6.18 Similarity/Differences
			1.6.19 Separation of Concerns
			1.6.20 Modularity
			1.6.21 Encapsulation (Hide Internal Workings of System)
			1.6.22 Change
		1.7 Summary
		1.8 Active Learning
		Bibliography
	Chapter 2: Life Cycle Models for Systems Engineering
		2.1 Purpose
		2.2 Methodology, Process, and Tools
		2.3 Life Cycle Methodologies
			2.3.1 Vee Life Cycle Model
		2.4 Summary
		2.5 Active Learning
		Bibliography
	Chapter 3: Systems Architecture for Model-Based Systems Engineering
		3.1 Purpose
		3.2 Systems Modeling Overview
		3.3 Classification
			3.3.1 An Object and a Class
			3.3.2 Structure and Behavior
			3.3.3 Class Diagram
		3.4 Model Description
			3.4.1 Systems Architecture Models
			3.4.2 Mission Analysis Model within Phase 1, Concept of Operations
			3.4.3 Systems Architecture and Requirements Model within Phase 2, System Architecture and Requirements
			3.4.4 Information and Application Model within Phase 2, System Architecture and Requirements
			3.4.5 Systems Design Model within Phase 3, System Design
			3.4.6 Systems Verification and Validation Model within Phase 4, System Verification and Phase 5, System Validation
			3.4.7 System Operations Model within Phase 6, Operations and Maintenance
			3.4.8 Systems Engineering Planning
		3.5 Summary
		3.6 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
Section 2: Systems Design, Development, and
Deployment Life Cycle:
Service Applications and Tools
	S.1 Section and Chapter Descriptions
	S.2 Case Study Description
	S.3 Women’s Healthcare Center
	S.4 Food System to Reduce Food Insecurity
	Chapter 4: Concept of Operations Phase 1: Define Strategic Mission Goals
		4.1 Purpose
		4.2 Activities
		4.3 Define Mission Strategy
		4.4 Define Strategic Goals of Mission and Concept of Operations
		4.5 Perform External, Internal, and SWOT Analyses
			4.5.1 External Analysis
			4.5.2 Internal Analysis
			4.5.3 SWOT Analysis
		4.6 Summary
		4.7 Active Learning Exercises
		References
	Chapter 5: Concept of Operations Phase 1: Define Mission Analysis
		5.1 Purpose
		5.2 Mission Analysis
			5.2.1 Activities
			5.2.2 Define Mission Analysis
				5.2.2.1 Develop Project Charters
					5.2.2.1.1 Project Charter Fields
				5.2.2.2 Perform Stakeholder analysis
				5.2.2.3 Collect Voice of Customer
				5.2.2.4 Perform Conceptual Selection
				5.2.2.5 Perform Risk Analysis
				5.2.2.6 Risk assessment
				5.2.2.7 Risk Handling Approach
					5.2.2.7.1 Risk Handling Options
				5.2.2.8 Risk Prioritization
				5.2.2.9 Risk Cube
		5.3 Summary
		5.4 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 6: Requirements and Architecture Phase 2: Develop Logical Architecture
		6.1 Purpose
		6.2 Activities
		6.3 Develop Logical Architecture
			6.3.1 SIPOC Tool
			6.3.2 Value System and Value Chain Models
			6.3.3 Functional Decomposition Model
			6.3.4 Use Case Diagrams
		6.4 Summary
		6.5 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 7: Requirements and Architecture Phase 2: Elicit Requirements
		7.1 Purpose
		7.2 Activities
		7.3 Elicit Customer Requirements
			7.3.1 Facilitate Process Scenarios to Create Process Architecture Maps (PAMs) and Use Cases
			7.3.2 Food Systems Process Scenarios Use Cases Lists and Process Architecture Map Application
			7.3.3 Create Use Cases
			7.3.4 Food System Use Case
		7.4 Summary
		7.5 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 8: Requirements and Architecture Phase 2: Derive Requirements
		8.1 Purpose
		8.2 Activities
		8.3 Derive Requirements
			8.3.1 Customer Requirements
				8.3.1.1 Requirements Terminology
			8.3.2 Develop System Requirements
			8.3.3 Develop Specialty Engineering Disciplines and Related Requirements
				8.3.3.1 Software Engineering
				8.3.3.2 Environmental Engineering
				8.3.3.3 Safety Engineering Requirements
				8.3.3.4 Security Engineering Requirements
				8.3.3.5 Human Systems Integration Requirements
				8.3.3.6 Women’s Healthcare Center Requirements
				8.3.3.7 Food System Requirements
		8.4 Develop Measurement Plan – Data Collection Plan, with Operational Definitions
			8.4.1 Data Collection Plan
				8.4.1.1 Critical to Satisfaction Criteria
				8.4.1.2 Operational Definition
				8.4.1.3 Food System Data Collection Plans
		8.5 Develop Information Models
		8.6 Food System Information Models
		8.7 Develop Quality Management Plan
		8.8 Summary
		8.9 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 9: Detailed Design Phase 3
		9.1 Purpose
		9.2 Activities
		9.3 Perform Detailed Design
			9.3.1 Physical Architecture Model Hierarchy
			9.3.2 Physical Architecture Model: Physical Block Diagram, and/or SysML Block Definition Diagram, and/or SysML Internal Block Diagram
			9.3.3 System Elements
			9.3.4 Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
			9.3.5 Food System QFD House of Quality 1
		9.4 System Design
		9.5 Perform Systems Analysis
			9.5.1 Trade-Off Analysis
			9.5.2 Trade-Off Studies for Food Systems
			9.5.3 Cost Analysis
			9.5.4 Cost Analysis for Food Systems
			9.5.5 Technical Risk Analysis with Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
				9.5.5.1 Food System Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
			9.5.6 Effectiveness Analysis Using Lean Analysis for a Manufacturing or Service System
				9.5.6.1 Value Analysis
				9.5.6.2 Waste Analysis
			9.5.7 Food System Lean Analyses
			9.5.8 N-squared Diagram to Identify Interface Points
				9.5.8.1 Food System N-squared Diagrams
		9.6 Summary
		9.7 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 10: Implementation, Integration, Test and Verification, System Verification, and Validation within Phases 4 and 5
		10.1 Purpose
		10.2 Activities
		10.3 Phase 4: Implementation, Integration, Test, and Verification
			10.3.1 Perform System Implementation
				10.3.1.1 Food System Implementation Strategies
			10.3.2 Perform System Integration
				10.3.2.1 Food System Integration Constraints
		10.4 Phase 5: System Verification and Validation
			10.4.1 Perform System Verification
				10.4.1.1 Food System – System Verification List of Test Cases
				10.4.1.2 Food System – System Verification Sample Test Cases
			10.4.2 Perform System Validation
				10.4.2.1 Food System – System Validation List of Test Cases
				10.4.2.2 Food System Validation Sample Test Cases
		10.5 Summary
		10.6 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 11: Operation and Maintenance Phase 6
		11.1 Purpose
		11.2 Activities
			11.2.1 Deploy System
			11.2.2 Perform Training and Perform Certification
				11.2.2.1 Food Systems Training Approach and Plans
			11.2.3 Perform Risk Assessment
			11.2.4 Perform Improvement and Maintenance Planning
				11.2.4.1 Food System Improvement and Maintenance Plans
			11.2.5 Perform Disposal and Retirement
				11.2.5.1 Food System Disposal and Retirement Plan
		11.3 Summary
		11.4 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 12: Systems Engineering Planning
		12.1 Purpose
		12.2 Activities
		12.3 Develop Systems Engineering Management Plan and Associated Plans
			12.3.1 Assessment and Control Plan
			12.3.2 Configuration Management Plan
			12.3.3 Contractor Management Plan
			12.3.4 Deployment Plan
			12.3.5 Disposal and Retirement Plan
			12.3.6 Information Management Plan
			12.3.7 Interface Management Plan
			12.3.8 Improvement and Maintainability Program Plan
			12.3.9 Measurement Plan
			12.3.10 Quality Management Plan
			12.3.11 Risk Management Plan
			12.3.12 Specialty Engineering Plan
			12.3.13 System Development Plan
			12.3.14 System Integration Plan
		12.4 Summary
		12.5 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 13: Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE)
		13.1 Purpose
		13.2 Description of Model-Based Systems Engineering
		13.3 Benefits and Challenges of Implementing MBSE
			13.3.1 Benefits
			13.3.2 Challenges
		13.4 Potential Future Research in MBSE
		13.5 Summary
		13.6 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 14: Lean, Iterative, and Agile Life Cycles that Can Be Used to Streamline System Design and Development Timelines
		14.1 Purpose
		14.2 Waterfall, Linear, or Predictive Life Cycle
		14.3 Evolutionary or Incremental Life Cycle
		14.4 Iterative Project Management, including Agile and Scrum
			14.4.1 Agile Methodology
			14.4.2 Scrum
			14.4.3 Scrum Tools and Activities
		14.5 Lean
			14.5.1 Value Stream Mapping
			14.5.2 Value Analysis
			14.5.3 Waste Analysis
			14.5.4 Why-Why Diagram and Five Whys
			14.5.5 5S and Visual Management
			14.5.6 Kaizen
			14.5.7 Flow, Pull, and Kanban
			14.5.8 Mistake Proofing
			14.5.9 Standard Work
		14.6 Systems Thinking and Theory of Constraints
		14.7 Ideas from the Research Literature for Incorporating Lean Principles and Tools into the Systems Engineering Life Cycle
		14.8 Summary
		14.9 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
	Chapter 15: Holistic Culture and Change Management Concepts and Skills for Enhancing Systems Engineering Practices
		15.1 Purpose
		15.2 Change and Change Management
			15.2.1 What Is Change?
			15.2.2 Making Change Happen
			15.2.3 What Is Culture?
			15.2.4 What Is Culture Change?
				15.2.4.1 Symbols: Organizational Logos, Office Layouts, Parking Lots, Artwork in the Hallways
				15.2.4.2 Power Structures: Managerial Groupings and the Most Powerful Functional Areas
				15.2.4.3 Organizational Structures: Organizational Hierarchy and Informal Structures
				15.2.4.4 Control Systems: Performance Measurement and Reward Systems
				15.2.4.5 Rituals and Routines: The Christmas Party and Meetings around the Water Cooler
				15.2.4.6 Stories and Myths: Stories about Innovative Curriculum and Experiential Learning
				15.2.4.7 The Paradigm: Student Satisfaction and Excellence in Teaching
		15.3 Structures
		15.4 People Skills
			15.4.1 Teamwork
			15.4.2 Understanding What Teams Need
			15.4.3 Team Stages for Growth
			15.4.4 Lencioni Model of Team Dysfunction
			15.4.5 Psychological Safety ( Edmondson, 2021)
			15.4.6 Rules of Engagement
			15.4.7 Team Diversity
		15.5 Techniques That Can be Used in Each Phase of the Vee Life Cycle to Enhance the Communication with Customers and Stakeholders
			15.5.1 Phase 1 – Concepts of Operations
				15.5.1.1 Concept Generation Applying the IDA Method (Furterer, 2020)
			15.5.2 Phase 2 – Requirements and Architecture
				15.5.2.1 Process Scenarios
			15.5.3 Phase 3 – Design
				15.5.3.1 Design Idea Generation
			15.5.4 Phases 4 and 5 – Verification and Validation
				15.5.4.1 Test Cases
			15.5.5 Phase 6 – Operations and Maintenance
				15.5.5.1 Standard Work
		15.6 Summary
		15.7 Active Learning Exercises
		Bibliography
Index