Systems Analysis and Design

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 11
Preface......Page 7
Contents......Page 13
PART ONE PLANNING PHASE......Page 17
CHAPTER 1 The Systems Analyst and Information Systems Development......Page 18
Introduction......Page 19
Systems Analyst Skills......Page 20
Systems Analyst Roles......Page 21
The Systems Development Life Cycle......Page 22
Analysis......Page 25
Implementation......Page 26
Project Identification and Initiation......Page 27
System Request......Page 29
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 31
Technical Feasibility......Page 34
Economic Feasibility......Page 35
Organizational Feasibility......Page 41
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 44
Chapter Review......Page 46
Appendix 1A–Detailed Economic Feasibility Analysis for Tune Source......Page 49
CHAPTER 2 Project Selection and Management......Page 51
Introduction......Page 52
Project Selection......Page 53
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 54
Creating the Project Plan......Page 55
Project Methodology Options......Page 56
Selecting the Appropriate Development Methodology......Page 63
Estimating the Project Time Frame......Page 65
Developing the Work Plan......Page 66
Staffing Plan......Page 71
Coordinating Project Activities......Page 74
Refining Estimates......Page 77
Timeboxing......Page 79
Managing Risk......Page 80
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 81
Staffing the Project......Page 82
Coordinating Project Activities......Page 85
Chapter Review......Page 86
Appendix 2A–The Function Point Approach......Page 89
PERT Chart......Page 94
PART TWO ANALYSIS PHASE......Page 97
Introduction......Page 98
The Analysis Phase......Page 99
What Is a Requirement?......Page 101
The Process of Determining Requirements......Page 103
The Requirements Definition Statement......Page 105
Requirements Elicitation Techniques......Page 106
Interviews......Page 107
Joint Application Development (JAD)......Page 114
Questionnaires......Page 118
Document Analysis......Page 120
Observation......Page 121
Selecting the Appropriate Techniques......Page 123
Root Cause Analysis......Page 124
Informal Benchmarking......Page 126
Technology Analysis......Page 127
Activity Elimination......Page 128
Eliciting and Analyzing Requirements......Page 129
System Proposal......Page 130
Chapter Review......Page 132
Introduction......Page 136
The Use Case Concept in a Nutshell......Page 138
Casual Use Case Format......Page 139
Fully Dressed Use Case Format......Page 142
Applying Use Cases......Page 144
Use Cases and Testing......Page 145
Creating Use Cases......Page 146
Identifying the Major Use Cases......Page 160
Elaborating on the Use Cases......Page 161
Chapter Review......Page 165
Introduction......Page 169
Reading Data Flow Diagrams......Page 170
Elements of Data Flow Diagrams......Page 172
Using Data Flow Diagrams to Define Business Processes......Page 174
Creating Data Flow Diagrams......Page 178
Creating the Context Diagram......Page 180
Creating Data Flow Diagram Fragments......Page 181
Creating Level 1 Data Flow Diagrams (and Below)......Page 182
Validating the Data Flow Diagrams......Page 189
Creating the Context Diagram......Page 193
Creating Level 1 Data Flow Diagrams (and Below)......Page 194
Validating the Data Flow Diagrams......Page 199
Chapter Review......Page 200
Introduction......Page 203
Reading an Entity Relationship Diagram......Page 204
Elements of an Entity Relationship Diagram......Page 205
The Data Dictionary and Metadata......Page 209
Building Entity Relationship Diagrams......Page 212
Advanced Syntax......Page 215
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 216
Design Guidelines......Page 219
Balancing Entity Relationship Diagrams with Data Flow Diagrams......Page 222
Chapter Review......Page 224
Appendix 6A: Normalizing the Data Model......Page 227
PART THREE DESIGN PHASE......Page 233
Introduction......Page 234
Transition from Requirements to Design......Page 235
System Acquisition Strategies......Page 237
Custom Development......Page 239
Packaged Software......Page 240
Outsourcing......Page 241
Business Need......Page 244
Project Skills......Page 245
Selecting an Acquisition Strategy......Page 246
Alternative Matrix......Page 247
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 249
Chapter Review......Page 250
Introduction......Page 253
Architectural Components......Page 254
Client-Server Architectures......Page 255
Client-Server Tiers......Page 256
Server-Based Architecture......Page 258
Mobile Application Architecture......Page 259
Advances in Architecture Configurations......Page 260
Comparing Architecture Options......Page 261
Operational Requirements......Page 262
Performance Requirements......Page 263
Security Requirements......Page 265
Cultural and Political Requirements......Page 270
Designing the Architecture......Page 272
Hardware and Software Specification......Page 274
Creating an Architecture Design......Page 276
Hardware and Software Specification......Page 277
Chapter Review......Page 278
CHAPTER 9 User Interface Design......Page 281
The Usability Concept......Page 282
Layout......Page 283
Content Awareness......Page 285
Usage Level......Page 286
Consistency......Page 288
Special Issues of Touch Screen Interface Design......Page 289
User Interface Design Process......Page 290
Understand the Users......Page 291
Organize the Interface......Page 293
Define Standards......Page 295
Interface Design Prototyping......Page 296
Interface Evaluation/Testing......Page 299
Basic Principles......Page 302
Menu Tips......Page 303
Message Tips......Page 305
Basic Principles......Page 308
Input Tips......Page 310
Basic Principles......Page 312
Types of Outputs......Page 314
Media......Page 316
Organize the Interface......Page 317
Interface Template Design......Page 319
Interface Evaluation/Testing......Page 321
Chapter Review......Page 322
CHAPTER 10 Program Design......Page 327
The Physical Data Flow Diagram......Page 328
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 331
Designing Programs......Page 332
Structure Chart......Page 335
Syntax......Page 336
Building the Structure Chart......Page 338
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 340
Design Guidelines......Page 344
Syntax......Page 351
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 355
Chapter Review......Page 357
CHAPTER 11 Data Storage Design......Page 362
Data Storage Formats......Page 363
Files......Page 364
Databases......Page 366
Selecting a Storage Format......Page 370
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 372
The Physical Entity Relationship Diagram......Page 373
Revisiting the CRUD Matrix......Page 375
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 376
Optimizing Data Storage......Page 378
Optimizing Storage Efficiency......Page 379
Optimizing Access Speed......Page 380
Estimating Storage Size......Page 385
Applying the Concepts at Tune Source......Page 387
Chapter Review......Page 389
PART FOUR IMPLEMENTATION PHASE......Page 393
Introduction......Page 394
Assigning Programming Tasks......Page 395
Coordinating Activities......Page 396
Testing......Page 397
Test Planning......Page 398
Unit Tests......Page 400
Acceptance Tests......Page 402
Developing Documentation......Page 404
Designing Documentation Structure......Page 405
Writing Documentation Topics......Page 407
Identifying Navigation Terms......Page 408
Testing......Page 410
Developing User Documentation......Page 412
Chapter Review......Page 413
Introduction......Page 416
Making the Transition to the New System......Page 417
Selecting the Conversion Strategy......Page 418
Preparing a Business Contingency Plan......Page 422
Preparing People for the New System......Page 424
Understanding Resistance to Change......Page 425
Revising Management Policies......Page 426
Assessing Costs and Benefits......Page 427
Motivating Adoption......Page 428
Enabling Adoption: Training......Page 431
System Support......Page 434
System Maintenance......Page 435
Project Assessment......Page 437
Preparing the People......Page 439
Chapter Review......Page 440
CHAPTER 14 The Movement to Objects......Page 443
INDEX......Page 481
EULA......Page 489