SysML for Systems Engineering: A Model-Based Approach

SysML for Systems
Engineering,
2nd Edition: A model-based approach......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 18
Part 1:
Introduction......Page 20
1.1 Introduction......Page 22
1.2.1 Systems engineering......Page 23
1.2.2 Model-based systems engineering......Page 25
1.3 Understand why we do what we do and define an approach......Page 26
1.6 Understand how to implement such an approach in
real organisations......Page 28
1.7 Using this book......Page 29
References......Page 30
2.1.1 The fundamental approach – I know an old lady......Page 32
2.1.2 Writing conventions adopted in the book......Page 34
2.2 The approach......Page 35
2.2.1 The ‘MBSE Ontology’......Page 36
2.2.3 The ‘View’......Page 39
2.2.3.1 Defining Viewpoints and creating Views......Page 40
2.3 Summary......Page 41
References......Page 42
3.1.1 Provenance of the MBSE Ontology......Page 44
3.1.2 The Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK)......Page 46
3.1.3 Disagreements with the MBSE Ontology......Page 47
3.2.1.1 System-related concepts as described by the International
Standards Organisation (ISO)......Page 48
3.2.1.2 System-related concepts as described by the International
Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)......Page 51
3.2.1.3 System-related concepts as described by the US Department
of Defense......Page 52
3.2.1.4 The MBSE Ontology definition for System-related concepts......Page 53
3.2.2.2 Need-related concepts as described by the International
Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)......Page 55
3.2.2.3 Need-related concepts as described by the
Modelling Community......Page 56
3.2.2.4 Need-related concepts as described by the International
Standards Organisation (ISO)......Page 57
3.2.2.5 The MBSE Ontology definition for Need-related concepts......Page 58
3.2.3.1 Architecture-related concepts as described by the
International Standards Organisation (ISO)......Page 59
3.2.3.2 Architecture-related concepts as described by the
International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)......Page 60
3.2.3.4 The Zachman Framework......Page 61
3.2.3.5 Defence-based Architecture frameworks......Page 63
3.2.3.7 The MBSE Ontology definition for Architecture......Page 65
3.2.4.1 Life Cycle-related concepts as described by the International
Standards Organisation (ISO)......Page 68
3.2.4.2 Life Cycle-related concepts as described by the Capability
Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)......Page 69
3.2.4.3 The MBSE Ontology definition......Page 70
3.2.5.1 Process-based concepts as described by the International
Standards Organisation (ISO)......Page 71
3.2.5.2 Process-based concepts as described by the Capability
Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)......Page 72
3.2.5.3 The MBSE Ontology definition for Process-related concepts......Page 74
3.2.6.3 The Competence-related concepts as described
by Competency Framework Community......Page 75
3.2.6.4 UKSPEC......Page 76
3.2.6.5 INCOSE competencies framework......Page 77
3.2.6.7 The MBSE Ontology for Competence-related concepts......Page 79
3.2.7.1 The Project-related concepts as described by the
International Standards Organisation (ISO)......Page 81
3.2.7.3 The Project-related concepts as described by the
US Project Management Institute (PMI)......Page 82
3.2.7.5 MBSE Ontology definition for Project-related concepts......Page 84
3.3 Summary......Page 85
References......Page 87
Part 2:
Modelling......Page 90
4.2.1 The kennel (doghouse)......Page 92
4.2.2 The house......Page 94
4.2.3 The office block......Page 96
4.2.4 The point......Page 97
4.3.1 Complexity......Page 98
4.3.2 Lack of understanding......Page 100
4.3.3 Communication......Page 101
4.4.1 SysML’s Relationship with UML......Page 102
4.4.2 A brief history of SysML......Page 104
4.5.1 Defining modelling......Page 105
4.5.4 Connection to reality......Page 106
4.6 The SysML diagrams......Page 107
4.7 Structural modelling......Page 110
4.7.1 Adding more detail to relationships......Page 114
4.8 Behavioural modelling......Page 117
4.8.1 Behavioural modelling – a simple example......Page 119
4.8.1.1 Simple behaviour......Page 120
4.8.1.2 Adding more detail......Page 121
4.8.1.3 Ensuring consistency......Page 122
4.8.1.4 Solving the inconsistency......Page 123
4.9 The relationships between behavioural diagrams and
structural level......Page 126
4.10 Identifying complexity through levels of abstraction......Page 131
4.10.2 Structural view......Page 133
4.10.3 Behavioural views......Page 134
References......Page 139
5.1.2 The worked example......Page 140
5.2 The structure of SysML diagrams......Page 141
5.3 Stereotypes......Page 142
5.5.1.1 Diagram elements......Page 146
5.5.1.2 Examples......Page 154
5.5.2.1 Diagram elements......Page 160
5.5.2.2 Examples......Page 166
5.5.3.1 Diagram elements......Page 172
5.5.3.2 Examples......Page 174
5.5.4.1 Diagram elements......Page 177
5.5.4.2 Examples......Page 180
5.5.4.3 Summary......Page 186
5.5.5.1 Diagram elements......Page 188
5.5.5.2 Examples......Page 191
5.5.6.1 Diagram elements......Page 196
5.5.6.2 Examples......Page 201
5.5.6.3 Summary......Page 204
5.5.7.1 Diagram elements......Page 205
5.5.7.2 Examples......Page 212
5.5.7.3 Summary......Page 215
5.5.8.1 Diagram elements......Page 216
5.5.8.2 Examples......Page 222
5.5.9 Use case diagrams......Page 226
5.5.9.1 Diagram elements......Page 227
5.5.9.2 Examples......Page 230
5.6 Auxiliary constructs......Page 237
5.7 Summary......Page 240
References......Page 241
6.2 Naming conventions......Page 242
6.2.1 Structural diagrams......Page 243
6.2.2 Behavioural diagrams......Page 245
6.3 Diagram frame labels......Page 247
6.4.1 Block and internal block diagrams – showing interfaces......Page 250
6.4.2 Block and internal block diagrams – showing item flows......Page 251
6.4.4.1 The use of colour......Page 252
6.5 Model structure......Page 256
Reference......Page 259
Part 3:
Applications......Page 260
7.1.1 Background......Page 262
7.2.1 The MBSE Ontology (revisited)......Page 265
7.2.2 The Framework......Page 266
7.2.3.1 The Requirement Context View......Page 268
7.2.3.2 The Stakeholder View......Page 272
7.2.3.3 The Process Structure View......Page 277
7.2.3.4 The Process Content View......Page 280
7.2.3.5 The Process Behaviour View......Page 285
7.2.3.6 The Information View......Page 288
7.2.3.7 The Process Instance View......Page 293
7.3 The Process Modelling Framework......Page 296
7.4.1 Analysing existing processes......Page 297
7.4.2 Creating a new process document from scratch......Page 298
7.4.3 Abstracting tacit process knowledge for a new System......Page 300
7.4.4 Abstracting tacit process knowledge for an existing System......Page 301
7.4.6 Summary......Page 302
References......Page 303
8.1.1 Background......Page 304
8.2.1.1 ISO 15288 – Requirement Context View......Page 306
8.2.1.3 ISO 15288 – Process Structure View......Page 308
8.2.1.4 ISO 15288 – Process Content View......Page 311
8.2.2 Summary......Page 312
8.3 Expanded Process modelling – compliance mapping......Page 314
8.3.1.1 PoMP – Process Structure View......Page 315
8.3.1.3 PoMP – Stakeholder View......Page 316
8.3.1.4 PoMP – Process Content View......Page 317
8.3.2.1 The ‘Process Identification’ Process......Page 319
8.3.2.2 The ‘Process Model set-up’ Process......Page 322
8.3.2.3 The ‘Process analysis’ Process......Page 323
8.4.1 The expanded MBSE Ontology......Page 326
8.4.3.1 The Framework View......Page 328
8.4.3.2 The Applicable Competency View......Page 331
8.4.3.3 The Competency Scope View......Page 334
8.4.3.4 The Competency Profile View......Page 337
8.5 Expanded Process modelling – Life Cycle modelling......Page 341
8.5.1 The expanded MBSE Ontology......Page 342
8.5.1.1 The Framework......Page 343
8.5.1.2 The Life Cycle View......Page 344
8.5.1.3 The Life Cycle Model View......Page 346
8.5.1.4 The Interaction Identification View......Page 349
8.5.1.5 The Interaction Behaviour View......Page 352
8.6 Expanded Process modelling – project management......Page 355
8.6.2 The Framework......Page 356
8.6.3.1 The Project Schedule View......Page 358
8.6.3.2 The Programme Structure View......Page 362
8.7 Summary......Page 364
References......Page 365
9.1.1 Background......Page 366
9.2.1 The MBSE Ontology (revisited)......Page 367
9.2.1.1 The ‘Need’ concept......Page 368
9.2.1.2 The ‘Need Description’ concept......Page 370
9.2.1.4 The ‘Rule’ concept......Page 371
9.2.1.5 The ‘Scenario’ concept......Page 372
9.2.1.7 Stakeholder Context......Page 373
9.2.1.8 System Contexts......Page 375
9.2.1.9 The ‘Use Case’ concept......Page 376
9.2.2 The Framework......Page 377
9.2.3.1 The Source Element View......Page 378
9.2.3.2 Requirement Description View......Page 383
9.2.3.3 Definition Rule Set View......Page 390
9.2.3.4 Requirement Context View......Page 394
9.2.3.5 Context Definition View......Page 399
9.2.3.6 Validation View......Page 403
9.2.3.7 The traceability Views......Page 412
9.3 The Requirements modelling Framework......Page 416
9.4 Using the Requirements modelling Framework......Page 417
9.4.1 The ACRE Process – Process Content View......Page 418
References......Page 419
10.1.1 Background......Page 420
10.1.3 Types of Systems of Systems......Page 423
10.2.1 The MBSE Ontology (revisited)......Page 425
10.2.2.1 Changes to the Framework......Page 430
10.2.3.1 The Context Interaction View......Page 431
10.2.3.2 The Validation Interaction View......Page 435
10.3 Using the Requirements modelling for Systems
of Systems Framework......Page 441
References......Page 442
11.1.1 Background......Page 444
11.2.2 The Framework......Page 448
11.2.3 The Viewpoints......Page 451
11.2.3.1 The AF Context Viewpoint......Page 452
11.2.3.2 The Ontology Definition Viewpoint......Page 457
11.2.3.3 The Viewpoint Relationships Viewpoint......Page 460
11.2.3.4 The Viewpoint Context Viewpoint......Page 467
11.2.3.5 The Viewpoint Definition Viewpoint......Page 471
11.2.3.6 The Rules Definition Viewpoint......Page 476
11.4 Using the FAF......Page 481
11.5 Summary......Page 483
References......Page 485
Part 4:
Case study......Page 486
12.1.1 Background......Page 488
12.2.1 The AF Context View......Page 490
12.2.3 The Viewpoint Relationships View......Page 492
12.2.4 The Rules Definition View......Page 497
12.2.5 Viewpoint Definitions......Page 498
12.2.5.1 The Post Structure Viewpoint......Page 499
12.2.5.2 The System Structure Viewpoint......Page 501
12.3 Defining Viewpoints using SysML Auxiliary Constructs......Page 505
12.4 Summary......Page 506
Reference......Page 507
13.2 The Need Perspective......Page 508
13.2.2 The Definition Rule Set View......Page 509
13.2.3 The Requirement Description View......Page 511
13.2.4 The Context Definition View......Page 513
13.2.5 The Requirement Context View......Page 516
13.2.6 The Validation View......Page 517
13.2.7 The Traceability View......Page 523
13.3 The System of Systems Perspective......Page 524
13.3.1 The Context Interaction View......Page 527
13.4.1 Life Cycle View......Page 529
13.4.2 The Life Cycle Model View......Page 533
13.5.2 Requirement Context View......Page 536
13.5.3 Process Content View......Page 539
13.5.5 Information View......Page 541
13.5.7 Process Instance View......Page 543
13.6 The Project Perspective......Page 545
13.6.1 The Programme Structure View......Page 546
13.6.2 The Project Schedule View......Page 547
13.7.1 The Organisation Unit Structure View......Page 549
13.7.2 The Organisation Unit Instance View......Page 551
13.7.4 The Post Structure View......Page 552
13.7.5 The Post Instance View......Page 556
13.7.6 The Post to Role View......Page 557
13.7.7 The Martian Instance View......Page 558
13.8.2 Applicable Competency View......Page 559
13.8.3 Competency Scope View......Page 561
13.9.1 System Identification View......Page 563
13.9.2 System Structure View......Page 565
13.9.3 Interface Definition View......Page 569
13.9.4 System Configuration View......Page 570
13.9.5 System State View......Page 572
13.9.6 System Behaviour View......Page 574
13.9.7 System Interaction View......Page 578
13.9.8 System Parametric View......Page 582
References......Page 584
Part 5:
Deploying MBSE......Page 586
14.1 Introduction......Page 588
14.3 Teaching guide......Page 590
14.3.1 Different types of teaching......Page 592
14.3.2.1 Teaching Context – Stakeholder Roles......Page 594
14.4.1 Teaching Context – Stakeholder Roles and Use Cases......Page 595
14.4.2.1 The ‘Introduction’ section......Page 596
14.4.2.2 The ‘Modelling Notation’ section......Page 597
14.4.2.4 The ‘Example’ section......Page 598
14.4.2.6 Developing ‘Course Work’......Page 599
14.4.3 Summary......Page 600
14.5 Competence......Page 601
14.6 The MBSE Stakeholder Roles......Page 602
14.7 Generic Competencies......Page 608
14.7.1 Example Competency Scope......Page 611
14.8 Bespoke Competencies......Page 612
14.9 Generic vs. specific Competencies......Page 614
14.10 Defining a bespoke Competency Framework......Page 616
14.10.1.3 The ‘identify competencies’ Activity......Page 618
14.10.1.4 The ‘define concept-related competencies’ Activity......Page 619
14.10.1.5 The ‘define process-related competencies’ Activity......Page 620
14.10.2.1 The ‘analyse bespoke framework’ Activity......Page 622
14.10.2.2 The ‘define levels’ Activity......Page 623
14.10.2.4 The ‘review’ Activity......Page 624
14.11 Summary......Page 625
References......Page 626
15.1 Introduction......Page 628
15.2 MBSE Ontology revisited......Page 630
15.3.2 The ACRE Process – the Process Content View (PCV)......Page 631
15.4 Using the Process......Page 634
15.4.1 Example use – quick and dirty Process......Page 637
15.4.2 Example use – semi-formal Process......Page 638
15.4.3 Example use – formal Process......Page 639
15.5 Deploying the Process......Page 641
15.5.1 ‘Make process available’......Page 642
15.5.3 ‘Ensure awareness of process’......Page 643
15.5.6 ‘Provide feedback mechanism’......Page 644
15.6 Compliance mapping with best practice......Page 645
15.7 Summary......Page 649
References......Page 650
16.1 Introduction......Page 652
16.2 Considering the types of Tools available......Page 654
16.2.2 The ‘Tool Chain’......Page 655
16.2.2.4 The ‘Integrated’ Tool Chains......Page 656
16.2.3.1 ‘Office Capability’......Page 657
16.2.3.2 ‘Support Capability’......Page 658
16.2.4 Summary......Page 659
16.3.1 Pemberton’s cooking analogy......Page 660
16.4 Using Tools with existing Processes......Page 661
16.4.1 Example Tool realisation – quick and dirty Process......Page 662
16.4.2 Example tool realisation – semi-formal process......Page 665
16.4.3 Example Tool realisation – formal Process......Page 669
16.4.4 Guidance for using Tools......Page 673
16.5 Considering Tool selection......Page 674
16.5.3 ‘Understand operational environment’......Page 675
16.5.5 ‘Ensure vendor’s quality of service’......Page 676
16.5.7 ‘Provide capability’......Page 677
16.6.1 The MonTE Processes......Page 678
16.6.3 Information View......Page 679
16.6.4 Process Instance View......Page 681
16.7 Summary......Page 683
Part 6:
Annex......Page 684
Appendix A:
Ontology and glossary......Page 686
B.2 Structural diagrams......Page 692
B.2.1 Block definition diagrams......Page 693
B.2.2 Internal block diagrams......Page 697
B.2.3 Package diagrams......Page 698
B.2.4 Parametric diagram......Page 700
B.2.5 Requirement diagrams......Page 703
B.3 Behavioural diagrams......Page 706
B.3.1 State machine diagrams......Page 707
B.3.2 Sequence diagrams......Page 710
B.3.3 Activity diagrams......Page 713
B.3.4 Use case diagrams......Page 718
B.4.1 Allocations......Page 721
B.4.2 Auxiliary constructs......Page 723
B.5 Relationships between diagrams......Page 724
C.2.2 Behavioural diagrams......Page 726
C.3 Diagram frame labels......Page 728
C.4.2 Block and internal block diagrams – showing item flows......Page 731
C.4.4 Use of colour......Page 733
C.5 Model structure......Page 734
D.4 Flow properties and ports that use them......Page 738
D.5 Parametric constraints......Page 741
D.7 Requirement diagrams......Page 743
E.1 Introduction......Page 746
E.2 Requirement context view......Page 747
E.3 Stakeholder view......Page 748
E.4 Process structure view......Page 749
E.5 Process content view......Page 751
E.5.1 Process content view – agreement processes group......Page 752
E.5.2 Process content view – organisational project-enabling processes group......Page 755
E.5.3 Process content view – project processes group......Page 761
E.5.4 Process content view – technical processes group......Page 771
References......Page 781
F.1 Introduction......Page 782
F.2.1 ACRE – requirements context view (RCV)......Page 786
F.2.2 ACRE – process content view (PCV)......Page 788
F.2.4 ACRE – information view (IV)......Page 790
F.3.1 SoSACRE – requirements context view (RCV)......Page 791
F.3.2 SoSACRE – process content view (PCV)......Page 793
F.3.3 SoSACRE – stakeholder view (SV)......Page 794
F.3.4 SoSACRE – information view (IV)......Page 795
F.3.5 SoSACRE – process behaviour view (PBV)......Page 798
F.4.1 UCAM – requirements context view (RCV)......Page 802
F.4.2 UCAM – process content view (PCV)......Page 803
F.4.4 UCAM – information view (IV)......Page 806
F.4.5 UCAM – process behaviour view (PBV)......Page 812
F.5.1 MonTE – requirements context view (RCV)......Page 818
F.5.2 MonTE – process content view (PCV)......Page 820
F.5.4 Information view (IV) for MonTE......Page 822
F.5.5 Process behaviour views (PBV) for MonTE......Page 825
F.6.1 PoMP – requirements context view (RCV)......Page 830
F.6.2 PoMP – process content view (PCV)......Page 831
F.6.4 PoMP – process instance view (PIV)......Page 834
F.6.4 PoMP – process behaviour view (PBV)......Page 835
F.7.1 STUMPI – requirements context view (RCV)......Page 838
F.7.2 STUMPI – process content view (PCV)......Page 839
F.7.4 Information views (IV) for STUMPI......Page 843
F.7.5 STUMPI – process behaviour view (PBV)......Page 847
F.8.1 ArchDeCon – requirements context view (RCV)......Page 852
F.8.2 ArchDeCon – process content view (PCV)......Page 856
F.8.3 ArchDeCon – stakeholder view (SV)......Page 858
F.8.4 ArchDeCon – information view (IV)......Page 859
F.8.5 ArchDeCon – process behaviour view (PBV)......Page 862
G.2 MBSE competency framework – levels......Page 866
G.2.2 Level 2 – support......Page 869
G.2.3 Level 3 – lead......Page 870
G.2.4 Level 4 – expert......Page 872
G.3.1 Level 1 – awareness......Page 873
G.3.3 Level 3 – lead......Page 874
G.4 MBSE competency framework – competency areas......Page 875
G.5 MBSE competency area – MBSE concepts......Page 876
G.6 MBSE competency area – life cycle process......Page 879
G.7 MBSE competency area – technical skill......Page 883
G.8 MBSE competency area – soft skill......Page 886
G.9 Competency scopes......Page 888
G.10 Generic scopes......Page 890
G.11 Competency scope – ‘configuration manager’......Page 892
G.12 Competency scope – ‘assessment manager’......Page 894
G.13 Competency scope – ‘requirement manager’......Page 896
G.14 Competency scope – ‘process manager’......Page 898
G.15 Competency scope – ‘project manager’......Page 900
G.16 Competency scope – ‘primary assessor’......Page 902
G.17 Competency scope – ‘secondary assessor’......Page 904
G.18 Competency scope – ‘requirement engineer’......Page 906
G.19 Competency scope – ‘systems modeller’......Page 908
G.20 Competency scope – ‘tester’......Page 910
G.21 Competency scope – ‘reviewer’......Page 912
G.22 Competency scope – ‘author’......Page 914
G.23 Competency scope – ‘process modeller’......Page 916
G.24 Competency scope – ‘builder’......Page 918
G.25 Competency scope – ‘SoS engineer’......Page 920
G.26 Competency scope – ‘MBSE champion’......Page 922
G.27 Competency scope – ‘MBSE mentor’......Page 924
G.28 Competency scope – ‘MBSE trainer’......Page 926
H.2 Strange days......Page 930
H.3 Strange days revisited......Page 932
References......Page 933
Index......Page 934