Syria Under Assad: Domestic Constraints and Regional Risks

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original
Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
1. The Study of Syria
	Notes
Part I: The Elements of Syrian Power
	2. The Emergence of Modern
Syria
		Introduction
		The Historical Background
		Obstacles on the Road to National Community
		Socio-political Changes since Independence
		Integration and Ascendancy of the Minorities
		Assad in Power: the Consolidation of Alawi-Ba\'athist Rule
		Conclusion: Can Ba\'athism Persist in the Face of the Muslim Opposition?
		Notes
	3. The Syrian Economy under the Assad Regime
		Introduction
		Population and Manpower
		Economic Growth
		Agriculture
		Oil
		Industry
		Transport and Communications
		Finance and the Balance of Payments
		Conclusion
		Notes
	4. The Evolution of Syrian Power, 1948-1984
		Introduction
		Dimensions of Syrian Power
			The Demographic Dimension
			Economic Power
			Military Power
		Syria\'s Relative Power: A Comparative Perspective
			Distinct Power Indicators
			An Integrated Assessment of Syria\'s Relative Power
		Conclusion: The Political Implications of Syria\'s Power
		Notes
Part II: Syria and its Neighbours
	5. Conflict and Accommodation in Turkish-Syrian Relations
		The Background
		Towards Normalisation and Co-operation
		Some Continuous Bones of Contention
			The Border
			\'Lost Property\'
			The Apportionment of River Waters
			Terrorism
		Conclusion
		Notes
	6. The Odd Couple: Ba\'athist Syria and Khomeini\'s Iran
		Iranian Interests
			The Assets of the Alliance
			The Liabilities of the Alliance
			The Religious-ideological Liability
		The Syrian View of the Alliance
			The Iranian Impact on Lebanon
			The Iranian Impact on Syria\'s Position within the
Arab World
		Conclusion
		Notes
	7. Ideology and Power Politics in Syrian-Iraqi Relations 1968-1984
		Introduction
		The Ba\'ath Party Prior to 1968
		Oil Royalties and Pipeline Policy
		The October 1973 War and its Aftermath
		The Era of Total Alienation, 1975-1978
		To Unity —
Steps and Back, 1978-1982
		Notes
	8. Syria and Jordan: The Politics of Subversion
		Introduction
		Jordan\'s Policy under Abdallah
		The Impact of Hussein
		The Determinants of Jordanian-Syrian Relations
			Hashemite ldeology\" and the \'Greater Syria\' Scheme
			Domestic Social Processes
			The Changing Military Balance
			Jordan\'s Dependence on Syria
		Major Issues Dominating the Bilateral Relations
		Conclusion
		Notes
	9. Syria and Israel: The Politics of Escalation
		Introduction
		The Roots of the Conflict: 1948-1956
		Deterioration Gathers Momentum: The 1956-1967 Period
		The Six Day War and its Aftermath
		The Effects of the Lebanese Conflict
		The Future: Armageddon or Conflict Reduction?
		Notes
	10. The Changing Prism: Syrian Policy in Lebanon as a Mirror, an Issue and an Instrument
		Introduction
		Syrian Politics and the Challenge of Lebanon
		The Civil War, 1975-1976
		From War to War, 1977-1982
		Syria and the Israeli Invasion of Lebanon, 1982-1984
		Notes
	11. On a Short Leash: Syria and the PLO
		Introduction
		The Formative Years, 1964-1975
		Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-1976
		Reconciliation, War and a Renewed Rift, 1977-1984
		Notes
Part III: Syria and the Superpowers
	12. Washington, Damascus and the Lebanon Crisis
		Introduction
		American Policy on Lebanon and Syria\'s Role
		Reagan\'s Middle East Policy
		American-Syrian Relations and the 1982 War
		The Dilemma of the Use of Force
		Notes
	13. Moscow, Damascus and the Lebanon Crisis
		Introduction
		The Soviets, the Syrians and the Middle East
		From the Israeli Invasion until the Death of Brezhnev
(June-November 1982)
		From Andropov\'s Accession to the 1983 War Scares
		Conclusion
		Notes
Part IV: The Syrian Paradox
	14. The Syrian Paradox
		Goals
		Constraints
		Strategy
		Accomplishments
Index