Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology

Book Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
List of plates......Page 9
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgments......Page 12
The climate system and its study......Page 18
Introduction......Page 20
Time and space scales of weather and climate processes......Page 27
Dynamic and synoptic climatology......Page 30
The structure of the book......Page 31
Climate data and their analysis......Page 33
Remotely sensed data......Page 34
Climate variables and their statistical description......Page 48
Analytical tools for spatial data......Page 57
Time series......Page 80
Empirical orthogonal function analysis, clustering, and classification......Page 95
Eulerian and Lagrangian methods......Page 101
Dynamic climatology......Page 124
Global climate and the general circulation......Page 126
Basic controls of the atmospheric circulation and its maintenance......Page 130
Circulation cells......Page 160
The Earth\'s geography......Page 170
Climate system feedbacks......Page 172
General circulation models......Page 178
The global circulation    description......Page 183
Centers of action......Page 226
Global climatic features......Page 240
Air masses......Page 252
Potential vorticity......Page 257
Large-scale circulation and climatic characteristics......Page 280
Jetstreams......Page 287
Planetary waves......Page 295
Zonal index......Page 319
Zonal and blocking flow modes......Page 325
Blocking mechanisms......Page 330
Low-frequency circulation variability and persistence......Page 339
Intraseasonal oscillations......Page 349
Spectral harmonic functions......Page 357
Eliassen  Palm flux......Page 358
Normal modes......Page 359
Global teleconnections......Page 375
The Southern Oscillation and El Nio......Page 378
ENSO mechanisms......Page 393
Teleconnections with ENSO......Page 401
Extratropical teleconnection patterns......Page 413
North Atlantic Oscillation......Page 414
North Pacific Oscillation......Page 420
Zonally symmetric oscillations......Page 421
The southern hemisphere......Page 425
Tropical  extratropical teleconnections......Page 427
Teleconnections and synoptic-scale activity......Page 431
Interannual to interdecadal oscillations......Page 435
Partitioning between equatorially symmetric and antisymmetric components......Page 441
Synoptic climatology......Page 456
Synoptic systems......Page 458
Climatology of cyclones and anticyclone......Page 459
Development of cyclones......Page 467
Storm tracks......Page 482
Satellite-based climatologies of synoptic features......Page 493
Synoptic-scale systems in the tropics......Page 523
The Q-vector formulation......Page 541
Synoptic climatology and its applications ROGER G. BARRY AND ALLEN H. PERRY......Page 564
Subjective typing procedures......Page 566
Objective typing procedures......Page 568
Principal catalogs and their uses......Page 578
Regional applications......Page 591
Analogs......Page 595
Climatic trends......Page 604
Environmental applications......Page 606
Retrospect and prospect......Page 621
Further reading......Page 623
Index......Page 628