Synergies in Minority Protection: European and International Law Perspectives

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 9
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 11
1 Broad developments in relation to minority protection at global and regional level......Page 15
2 Synergies......Page 22
2.1 Express cross-referencing......Page 23
2.2 Substantive convergences......Page 24
2.3 Emergence of similar working methods......Page 28
3 By way of conclusion: limits of and future prospects for synergies in minority protection......Page 32
Part A Minorities-specific instruments, provisions and institutions......Page 35
Introduction......Page 37
1 The minority concept......Page 39
2 Membership in a group......Page 42
3 Positive state obligations and the group dimension of the minority phenomenon......Page 44
4 Minorities and indigenous peoples......Page 46
5 The right of self-determination......Page 50
6 Synergies with other general human rights......Page 55
7 Procedural issues......Page 56
8 References to other standards or procedures......Page 58
9 Conclusion......Page 59
Introduction......Page 60
1.1 The UN and the problem of minorities......Page 64
1.3 Institutional framework and WGM modus operandi......Page 65
1.3.1 Broad-based consultation at dialogue sessions......Page 66
1.3.2 Participation of other human rights bodies......Page 67
1.3.3 Utility and limits of the dialogue process......Page 69
1.3.5 Visits......Page 71
2.1 The declaration and \'national minorities\'......Page 72
2.2 Contentious issues and flexible approaches in identifying minority groups......Page 74
2.3 Groups: peoples, indigenous groups and minorities......Page 77
3 Synergies in standard-setting......Page 80
3.1 Developing minority declaration standards......Page 81
3.2 Engaging with regional minority regimes and standard-setting synergies......Page 82
3.3 Exploring minority standards......Page 83
3.3.1.1 National decision-making......Page 84
3.3.1.2 Self-determination and autonomy......Page 85
3.3.1.3 Socio-economic rights/development......Page 87
4 Cultivating the WGM\'S global mandate by going regional......Page 89
5 Conclusion......Page 93
6 Postscript The United Nations Independent Expert on Minority Issues......Page 95
6.1 Synergies within OHCHR......Page 96
6.2 Synergies with other mandates......Page 97
6.3 Synergies with the wider UN system......Page 98
6.4 Working with civil society partners......Page 100
Introduction......Page 102
1 Brief overview of the High Commissioner\'s mandate and working methods......Page 104
2.1 General observations......Page 118
2.2.1 Are the new recommendations of additional value?......Page 125
3 Thematic recommendations regarding new minorities?......Page 126
4 Conclusion......Page 131
Introduction......Page 133
1.1 The human rights perspective......Page 135
1.2 States parties\' approach to the scope of application......Page 138
1.3 The approach of the Advisory Committee......Page 139
2.1 Legal measures prohibiting discrimination......Page 141
2.2 Problems in the equality before the law and equal protection of the law......Page 142
2.3 On availability of remedies......Page 143
2.4 Citizenship allocation and its impact on inequality......Page 144
2.5 Poverty and deprivation of the Roma......Page 145
3 Promoting conditions for minority culture and identity......Page 146
3.1 On support for minority associations and their cultural activities......Page 148
3.2 Diversity, separation or integration......Page 150
4 Creating conditions for effective participation......Page 152
4.1 On participation in public life......Page 153
4.2 On effective participation in social and economic life......Page 155
4.3 Contexts of participation faced by the Advisory Committee......Page 156
5.1 Outline of the monitoring procedure......Page 159
5.2 Assessment of the procedure......Page 163
6.1 The concept of \'minorities\'......Page 165
6.2 Integration versus separation......Page 166
6.3 The monitoring process......Page 167
6.4 Note on source documentation......Page 168
Introduction......Page 169
1 Scope of application of the Charter......Page 172
1.1 Application to so-called \'new minorities\'......Page 177
1.2 Self-determination......Page 180
2 Structure and content of the Charter......Page 181
3 Implementation of the Charter......Page 185
3.1 Working methods......Page 187
3.2 Substantive developments arising from the monitoring process......Page 191
4 Relationship of the Charter with other instruments......Page 195
5 Conclusion......Page 199
PART B Non-minorities-specific instruments, provisions and institutions......Page 201
Introduction......Page 203
1 Identifying the group......Page 208
2 \'Cultural\' genocide and the Convention......Page 213
3 Crimes against humanity and the protection of minorities......Page 219
4 Conclusion......Page 225
Introduction......Page 227
1.1 Non-discrimination, self-determination and the introduction of \'collective\' and \'dynamic\' components......Page 231
1.2 The protection of the family and children......Page 235
1.3 The protection of education......Page 237
1.4 The protection of culture......Page 238
2 The interpretation of the Covenant\'s text......Page 240
2.1 Direct state statements......Page 241
2.2.1.1 Recognition and scope of protection......Page 244
2.2.1.2 Education......Page 247
2.2.1.4 Gender......Page 250
2.2.1.5 Creation and authorship......Page 251
2.2.1.6 Inter-state relations......Page 253
2.2.2 The Committee\'s assessment of individual state performance......Page 254
3 Conclusion......Page 261
Introduction......Page 263
1 Scope of application of ICERD: the concept of racial discrimination......Page 264
2 Monitoring of the implementation of the ICERD......Page 270
3.1 Equality issues......Page 273
3.2 Linguistic issues......Page 276
3.3 Education......Page 277
3.4 Roma......Page 278
3.5 Virulent racial discrimination......Page 279
3.6 Self-determination......Page 281
4 Relative successes and failures in implementation......Page 283
4.1 Changes to domestic laws......Page 284
4.2 CERD/C\'s \'good offices\'......Page 285
4.3 Interaction with other international bodies......Page 287
4.4 Continuing obstacles......Page 288
5 Conclusion......Page 291
Introduction......Page 292
1 Reporting, monitoring, concluding observations......Page 293
2.1 Some general remarks......Page 296
2.2 Article 2: non-discrimination......Page 298
2.3 Article 17: right to information......Page 300
2.4 Article 29: aims of education......Page 301
2.5 Article 30: specific rights of minority groups......Page 302
2.6 Reservations/declarations to Article 30......Page 303
2.7 Concluding observations concerning Article 30......Page 304
2.8 Indigenous children......Page 306
3 Some final remarks......Page 309
Introduction......Page 311
1 UNESCO\'s mandate in the field of human rights......Page 312
2.1 The general provisions......Page 313
2.2 The minority provision......Page 316
3 CADE\'s supervisory mechanism......Page 319
4 CCR\'s examination of minority issues......Page 321
5 An assessment of CCR\'s examination of minority issues......Page 325
Introduction......Page 328
1 Synergies \'sensu stricto\'?......Page 329
1.1 Equality and non-discrimination......Page 330
1.2 Participatory rights......Page 344
1.2.1 Article 3, First Additional Protocol......Page 345
1.2.1.1 A linguistic component......Page 346
1.2.2 Freedom of association......Page 348
1.3 Educational rights......Page 352
1.4 Linguistic rights......Page 354
1.5 Special attention to Roma......Page 356
2.1 The right to respect for one\'s own way of life......Page 357
2.2 Freedom of religion......Page 359
2.3 Freedom of expression......Page 366
2.3.1 Protection against hate speech......Page 368
2.3.2 Protecting religious sensitivities?......Page 370
3 Overall assessment of the ECHR\'s jurisprudence and minority protection successful and failed synergies......Page 372
4.1 ECRI......Page 374
4.2 Venice Commission - commission of democracy through law......Page 376
4.3 Committee of Experts on Issues Relating to the Protection of National Minorities (DH-MIN)......Page 377
Introduction a fragmented regime......Page 379
1.1 The rights of EU citizens and third-country nationals......Page 382
1.2 The policy on race and ethnic discrimination......Page 384
1.3 Education and culture......Page 388
1.4 External relations......Page 391
2 A note on monitoring......Page 394
3 Conclusion......Page 396
Introduction......Page 399
1 Situating minorities in Africa......Page 400
2 The African Charter on Human and Peoples\' Rights......Page 401
2.1 The concept of peoples......Page 402
3 The African Commission on Human and Peoples\' Rights......Page 403
3.1 Procedure of the Commission......Page 404
4.1 The case of the Ogoni of Nigeria......Page 405
4.2 The Katanga case......Page 408
5 The prospects for enhancing minority protection in Africa......Page 409
6 The African Court of Human and Peoples\' Rights......Page 411
7 Conclusion......Page 413
Introduction......Page 415
1.1 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)......Page 417
1.1.1 Normative frameworks......Page 418
1.1.2 Procedural mechanisms on conflict prevention......Page 422
1.2 ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)......Page 423
1.3 Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)......Page 425
2.1 \'Human rights\' entry and regional approaches to minority protection......Page 428
2.2 \'Security\' entry and regional approaches to minority protection......Page 430
2.3 Overview of domestic experiences of minority protection......Page 432
3 Conclusion......Page 435
Index......Page 439