Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 in Telecoms

Title Page
......Page 2
Copyright
......Page 3
Contents
......Page 4
Foreword......Page 9
Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 24
I.1. The importance of synchronization in future telecommunications networks......Page 29
I.2. Purpose of this book......Page 30
I.3. Differences between frequency and phase/time......Page 36
I.4. From traditional TDM synchronization to new mobile applications......Page 39
I.5. Structure of the book......Page 41
I.6. Standardization......Page 43
I.7. Bibliography......Page 47
1.1. Introduction......Page 48
1.2.1. Plesiochronous digital hierarchy and public switch telephone networks......Page 50
1.2.2. Evolution toward SDH and synchronous optical network......Page 54
1.2.3. Introduction of optical transport network in transport networks......Page 58
1.3. Migration and evolution in the next-generation networks: from time division multiplexing to packet networks......Page 59
1.3.1. Circuit emulation synchronization requirements......Page 61
1.4. Mobile networks and mobile backhaul......Page 64
1.4.1. Synchronization requirements in mobile networks......Page 69
1.5. Synchronization requirements in other applications......Page 74
1.6. The need to define new synchronization technologies......Page 75
1.7. Bibliography......Page 77
2.1. Fundamental aspects related to network synchronization......Page 79
2.2.1. Synchronous Ethernet......Page 88
2.3.1. Packet timing using traffic data......Page 93
2.3.2. Packet-based methods......Page 98
2.4. IEEE 1588 and its Precision Time Protocol......Page 101
2.4.1. Some essentials of IEEE 1588......Page 102
2.4.2. IEEE 1588-2002: origin and limitations......Page 110
2.4.3. IEEE 1588-2008 and PTPv2......Page 114
2.5. The concept of “profiles?......Page 121
2.5.1. Frequency profile......Page 123
2.5.2. Phase and time profile ITU-T G.8275.1......Page 127
2.6.1. Packet-based timing: starting with CES......Page 128
2.6.2. Dedicated timing TDM PW......Page 132
2.6.3. NTP......Page 133
2.6.4. Summary and comparison......Page 137
2.7.1. Global and regional space-based timing system......Page 140
2.7.2. Regional terrestrial systems......Page 148
2.7.3. Comparison......Page 150
2.8. Summary......Page 151
2.9. Bibliography......Page 153
3.1.1. Network layers and abstraction......Page 157
3.1.2. The synchronization layer......Page 162
3.2. Functional modeling......Page 163
3.3.1. Introduction......Page 165
3.3.2. Network topologies......Page 166
3.3.3. Redundancy and source traceability......Page 167
3.3.4.1. DNU, DUS......Page 168
3.3.4.3. Bidirectional linear chain......Page 170
3.3.4.4. Rings with a single external synchronization reference......Page 173
3.3.4.5. Rings with two, or more, external synchronization reference......Page 174
3.3.4.6. Meshed networks......Page 175
3.3.5. Networks involving SSUs......Page 176
3.3.6.1. Bidirectional parallel lines......Page 177
3.3.6.2. Interconnection between different networks......Page 178
3.4. The IEEE 1588 standard and its applicability in telecommunication networks......Page 179
3.5. Frequency synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes using IEEE 1588......Page 180
3.5.1. Redundancy schemes using IEEE 1588......Page 182
3.6. Time synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes......Page 185
3.6.1. Locally distributed PRTC......Page 186
3.6.2. Packet-based method......Page 187
3.6.3. Resiliency and redundancy schemes......Page 188
3.7. Bibliography......Page 192
4.1. High-level principles......Page 194
4.1.1.2. Migration from TDM to Ethernet......Page 197
4.1.1.3. Synchronization evolution......Page 198
4.1.2. Typical mobile networks requirements and evolutions......Page 203
4.1.2.2. Impacts of TDM to packet migration on mobile networks......Page 204
4.2. MAKE or BUY network synchronization strategies......Page 206
4.2.1. Relationships between MAKE or BUY strategies for network connectivity and synchronization......Page 207
4.2.2.1. Off-air?based synchronization sources relying on satellite systems......Page 212
4.2.2.2. Off-air?based synchronization sources relying on terrestrial radio systems......Page 214
4.2.3. Fixed/mobile network scenarios......Page 215
4.2.3.1. Mobile network operator provides synchronization......Page 216
4.2.3.3. Ownership of synchronization reference in multiple operator scenarios......Page 219
4.3. Deployment of timing solutions for frequency synchronization needs......Page 227
4.3.1. Overview of synchronization solutions for frequency needs......Page 228
4.3.2. Synchronous Ethernet deployments......Page 229
4.3.2.1. Rationale for Synchronous Ethernet deployments......Page 230
4.3.2.2. Architectures typically considered with Synchronous Ethernet deployments......Page 231
4.3.2.3. Deploying Synchronous Ethernet over Optical Transport Networks......Page 235
4.3.2.4. Usual protection schemes with Synchronous Ethernet......Page 239
4.3.2.5. Summary of main aspects of Synchronous Ethernet deployments......Page 240
4.3.3.1. Rationale for IEEE 1588 end-to-end deployments......Page 241
4.3.3.2. Architectures typically considered with IEEE 1588 end-to-end deployments......Page 248
4.3.3.3. Performance aspects of IEEE 1588 end-to-end deployments......Page 257
4.3.3.4. Usual protection schemes with IEEE 1588 end-to-end......Page 262
4.3.3.5. Summary of main aspects of IEEE 1588 end-to-end deployments......Page 264
4.4. Deployment of timing solutions for accurate phase/time synchronization needs......Page 265
4.4.1. GNSS deployments and associated issues......Page 266
4.4.2.1. Rationale for considering IEEE 1588 full timing support compared to a partial timing support deployment scenario......Page 270
4.4.2.2. Combined Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 full timing support deployments......Page 272
4.4.2.3. Link asymmetry issue and possible solutions......Page 273
4.4.2.4. IEEE 1588 full timing support over OTN......Page 275
4.4.2.5. Mechanisms to carry phase/time over access technologies and interworking with IEEE 1588 full timing support......Page 279
4.4.2.6. Carrying accurate phase/time synchronization across multiple operator domains......Page 280
4.4.3. Possible migration paths toward IEEE 1588 phase/time profile......Page 281
4.5. Bibliography......Page 282
5.1. Introduction......Page 284
5.2. Network management systems and the telecommunications management network TMN......Page 285
5.3. Synchronization Network management: the synchronization plan and protection......Page 287
5.4. Provisioning and setup: manual versus automatic......Page 290
5.5. Monitoring functions......Page 291
5.6. Management issues in wireless backhaul......Page 294
5.7. Network OS integration: M.3000 versus SNMP......Page 295
5.8. Bibliography......Page 297
6.1. Security and synchronization......Page 299
6.1.1. Terminology used in security......Page 301
6.1.2. Synchronization in network security ensemble......Page 303
6.2. Security of the timing source......Page 305
6.2.1. Access security to device......Page 306
6.2.2. GNSS signal vulnerability......Page 307
6.2.3. Protecting and mitigating from compromise signal......Page 314
6.3. Security of synchronization distribution......Page 318
6.3.1. Security aspects of physical timing transmission......Page 319
6.3.2. Security aspects of packet-based timing transmission......Page 321
6.4. Synchronization risk management......Page 326
6.5. Bibliography......Page 328
7.2. Traditional metrics......Page 331
7.3. Equipment configuration......Page 336
7.5. Testing Synchronous Ethernet......Page 337
7.5.1. Testing the performance of SyncE EEC......Page 338
7.5.2. Testing the ESMC protocol......Page 348
7.6.1. Testing the telecom profile ? protocol......Page 352
7.6.1.1. Testing message formats......Page 353
7.6.1.2. Testing message rates......Page 357
7.6.1.3. Testing alternate BMCA ? master selection process......Page 358
7.6.1.4. Testing alternate BMCA ? packet timing signal fail condition......Page 359
7.6.2. Testing the telecom profile ? performance of packet networks......Page 360
7.6.3.1. Testing packet slave clock ? noise generation using an ideal input......Page 363
7.6.3.2. Testing packet slave clock ? holdover......Page 365
7.6.3.3. Testing packet slave clock ? tolerance to input PDV patterns......Page 366
7.6.3.4. Testing packet slave clock ? scenarios based on G.8261 Appendix VI......Page 367
7.7. Bibliography......Page 370
A1.1. Introduction......Page 372
A1.2.1. Network level......Page 373
A1.2.2. Equipment level......Page 374
A1.3. Summary of standards......Page 375
A1.3.1. Standards related to SyncE......Page 376
A1.3.2. Standards related to IEEE 1588 end-to-end telecom profile for frequency......Page 378
A1.3.3. Standards related to IEEE 1588 full timing support telecom profile for phase and time transport......Page 380
A1.4. Bibliography......Page 382
A2.1. Mathematical definition of JESS......Page 384
A2.2. Mathematical definition of JESS-w......Page 385
European Telecommunication Standards Institute ETSI/Third-Generation Partnership Project 3GPP......Page 387
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE......Page 388
International Telecommunication Union ITU......Page 389
Others......Page 390
Sébastien Jobert......Page 391
Silvana Rodrigues......Page 392
Stefano Ruffini......Page 393
Index......Page 394