“Pushed by necessity but enabled by its existing social and
educational policies, Cuba in the 1990s launched the most
extensive program of urban sustainable agriculture in the
world. This study is to date the only book-length
investigation in either English or Spanish of this
important national experiment in transforming the
environmental, economic, and social nature of today’s
dominant system of producing food.”—Al Campbell, University
of Utah
As large-scale industrial agriculture comes under
increasing scrutiny because of its petroleum- and
petrochemical-based input costs and environmentally
objectionable consequences, increasing attention has been
focused on sustainable, local, and agro-ecological
techniques in food production. Cuba was forced by
historical circumstances to be one of the pioneers in the
massive application of these techniques.
After the demise of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s,
Cuba was left without access to external support needed to
carry on with industrial agriculture. The economic crisis
led the country to reconsider their former models of
resource management. Cuba retooled its agricultural
programs to focus on urban agriculture—sustainable,
ecologically sound farming close to densely populated
areas. Food now takes far less time to get to the people,
who are now better nourished because they have easier
access to whole foods. Moreover, urban farming has become a
source of national pride—Cuba has one of the best urban
agriculture programs in the world, with a thousand-fold
increase in urban agricultural output since 1994.
Sinan Koont has spent the last several years researching
urban agriculture in Cuba, including field work at many
sustainable farms on the island. He tells the story of why
and how Cuba was able to turn to urban food production
on a large scale with minimal use of chemicals, petroleum,
and machinery, and of the successes it achieved—along with
the continuing difficulties it still faces in reducing its
need for food imports.
Sinan Koont is associate professor of economics at
Dickinson College.
A volume in the series Contemporary Cuba,
edited by John M. Kirk