Sustainable Mass Transit Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Public Transportation

Sustainable Mass Transit......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Dedication......Page 5
Sustainability and Energy Use......Page 7
Sustainability Elements......Page 9
Growing and Revitalizing a City......Page 10
Subway, Light Rail, or Bus Rapid Transit......Page 11
Commuter Rail......Page 12
The Four Categories of Commuting......Page 13
An International Ideology......Page 14
The Human Element......Page 15
Marketing......Page 16
Government Participation......Page 17
Federal Transit Administration......Page 18
Conclusion......Page 19
Further Reading......Page 20
Introduction......Page 21
History......Page 22
Considering the Climate......Page 23
Train Infrastructure......Page 24
Electrification......Page 25
Stations and Terminals......Page 26
Signal and Communications......Page 27
Line Equipment......Page 28
Light Rail Systems......Page 29
Train Cars......Page 30
Bus Service......Page 31
Bus Depots......Page 32
Bus Rapid Transit......Page 33
Conclusion......Page 34
Further Reading......Page 35
Fossil Fuels......Page 36
Electricity for Train Service......Page 37
Diesel Fuel and the Internal Combustion Engine......Page 39
Combustion and the Greenhouse Gas Effect......Page 40
Financial Aspect of Energy in Mass Transit......Page 42
Renewable Energy......Page 43
Hydroelectric......Page 44
Wind......Page 45
US Electricity Generation and Clean Power Plan......Page 46
Conclusion......Page 48
Further Reading......Page 49
Introduction......Page 50
Noise and Vibration......Page 51
Noise Pollution......Page 52
Water Impacts......Page 53
Lead-Based Paint......Page 54
Polychlorinated Biphenyls......Page 55
Asbestos......Page 56
Maintenance Shop Impacts......Page 57
Air Pollution......Page 58
The Clean Air Act......Page 59
Bus Depot Impacts......Page 60
Oil Water Separators......Page 61
Light Pollution......Page 62
Conclusion......Page 63
Further Reading......Page 64
Sustainability Assessment......Page 65
The Demand for Energy......Page 66
Regenerative Braking......Page 67
On-Board Energy Storage......Page 68
Batteries and Capacitors......Page 69
Light Emitting Diodes......Page 70
Natural Lighting......Page 72
Natural Ventilation......Page 73
White Roofs and the Heat Island Effect......Page 74
Solar Thermal......Page 75
Environmental Mitigation......Page 76
Noise and Vibration Mitigation......Page 77
Railroad Ties......Page 78
Sensors, Timers, and Monitors......Page 79
Conclusion......Page 80
Further Reading......Page 81
Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel......Page 82
Advanced Emission Control Devices......Page 83
Biodiesel......Page 84
Hybrid Buses......Page 86
Historic Reduction......Page 87
Electric Buses......Page 88
Environmental Protection Agency Emission Standards......Page 89
Bus Depots......Page 90
Green Roofs......Page 91
Recycle Bus Washers......Page 93
Strategic Initiatives......Page 94
Conclusion......Page 95
Further Reading......Page 96
Introduction......Page 97
All-Electric Bus Fleet......Page 98
Electrical Energy Storage......Page 99
Historic Power Generation......Page 100
Beneficial Use of Dewatering......Page 101
Geothermal......Page 102
Green Infrastructure......Page 103
Climate Adaptation......Page 104
Combinations......Page 105
Electric Bicycle......Page 106
Piezoelectricity......Page 107
Conclusion......Page 108
Further Reading......Page 109
Environmental Review......Page 110
Recycling......Page 111
Beneficial Reuse of Excavated Soils......Page 113
Wetlands......Page 114
Asbestos Removal and Disposal......Page 116
Hazardous Waste......Page 117
Construction Material With a Recycled Content......Page 118
Staging......Page 119
Dust Control......Page 120
Conclusion......Page 121
Further Reading......Page 123
Environmental Management Systems......Page 124
Aspects and Impacts......Page 126
Environmental Benefit Programs......Page 128
Legal Environmental Requirements......Page 129
National Environmental Policy Act......Page 130
ISO 14001 Environmental Management System Standard......Page 132
ISO 14001 Environmental Management System Certification......Page 133
The Environmental Management System Fence Line in Mass Transit......Page 134
Monitoring and Measuring......Page 135
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design......Page 136
Envision......Page 137
Environmental Training......Page 138
Benefits of an Environmental Management System......Page 139
Further Reading......Page 140
At the Forefront......Page 141
Transit Oriented Development......Page 142
Energy and Mass Transit......Page 143
Facing the Challenges Ahead......Page 145
Sustainability Champion......Page 147
Opportunities for Sustainability......Page 148
Leadership in the Mass Transit Industry......Page 149
The Transportation Research Board......Page 150
The Federal Transit Administration Environmental Management Systems Training Program......Page 151
Sustainability Reporting......Page 152
Environmental Engineering......Page 153
The Sustainability Professional......Page 154
Mass Transit: A Sustainability Solution......Page 155
Further Reading......Page 157
Case Studies of Mass Transit Agencies......Page 158
Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transit Authority, Los Angeles, California......Page 159
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, Northern California......Page 160
Foothill Transit, Southern California......Page 161
Tri Met, Portland Oregon......Page 162
Utah Transit Authority......Page 163
Chicago Transit Authority......Page 164
The Kansas City Streetcar, Kansas City Missouri......Page 165
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, Boston......Page 166
Metropolitan Transportation Authority New York City Transit, New York City......Page 167
Metrolinx, Toronto, Canada......Page 168
Metro de Santiago, Chile......Page 169
Nanjing Wireless Tram, China......Page 170
The Selected Case Studies......Page 171
Appendix A Glossary of Terms......Page 172
Appendix B Environmental Acronyms......Page 187
Appendix C Photos......Page 189
Index......Page 208