Sustainable Ammonia Production (Green Energy and Technology)

Contents
Earth Abundant Catalysis for Ammonia Synthesis
	1 Introduction
	2 Catalysts Based on Process
		2.1 Thermocatalytic Process
		2.2 Electron-Driven Process
		2.3 Alternative Sustainable Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis
	3 Conclusion
	References
Reactor Design, Modelling and Process Intensification for Ammonia Synthesis
	1 Introduction
	2 Kinetics and Modelling Issues
	3 Commercial Processes for Ammonia Synthesis
		3.1 Steam Reforming
		3.2 Partial Oxidation
		3.3 Gasification
		3.4 CO Removal
		3.5 CO2 Removal
		3.6 Final Purification
		3.7 Synthesis Gas Compression
	4 Reactors and Loops Design
		4.1 Structure of the Ammonia Synthesis Loop
		4.2 Converter Design
		4.3 Ammonia Separation
	5 Process Intensification
	6 Conclusions
	References
A Review on Ammonia Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Metals and Alloys
	1 Introduction
	2 Ammonia Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors
	References
Ammonia from Steelworks
	1 Background
	2 Production
	3 Ammonia Removal Processes
		3.1 Ammonia Removal from Flushing Liquors
		3.2 Ammonia Removal from COG
	4 Utilization of Ammonia from Steelworks
		4.1 Ammonium Sulfate
		4.2 Incineration
		4.3 Concentrated Ammonia Liquor
		4.4 Catalytic Destruction
		4.5 Final Remarks
	References
Catalytic Ammonia Decomposition for Hydrogen Production: Utilization of Ammonia in a Fuel Cell
	1 Introduction
	2 Hydrogen
	3 Ammonia
	4 Ammonia Decomposition for Hydrogen Production
	5 Ammonia Decomposition Catalyst
		5.1 Ruthenium-Based Catalysts
		5.2 Monometallic Catalysts (Non-Ruthenium-Based Catalysts)
		5.3 Transition Metal (Co, Ni, Fe) Catalyst
		5.4 Bimetallic (Transition Metal) Catalysts
		5.5 Transition Metal Nitrides
	6 Conclusions
	References
Electrocatalytic Nitrogen (N2) Reduction
	1 Introduction
	2 Efficient NRR Electrocatalysts Design Strategies
		2.1 Engineering Size and Morphology
		2.2 Defect Engineering
		2.3 Crystal Facet Engineering
		2.4 Noble Metals
		2.5 Transition Metal
		2.6 Single-Atom Catalyst
		2.7 Carbon-Based Composites
	3 Conclusion
	References
Low-Pressure Ammonia Production
	1 Introduction
	2 The Haber–Bosch Process
	3 Manufacturing of Ammonia
		3.1 Ammonia Production
		3.2 Stage 1: Catalytic Reforming
		3.3 Stage 2: Synthesis Gas Purification
		3.4 Stage 3: Compression Process
		3.5 Stage 4: Synthesis Loop
		3.6 Accidental Releases of Ammonia
	4 Electron/Proton Driven Processes for NH3 Production
		4.1 Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis
		4.2 Electrochemical NH3 Synthesis
		4.3 Photocatalytic NH3 Synthesis
		4.4 Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
		4.5 Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
	5 Grand Challenges
	6 Critical Steps of the Reaction-Absorption Process
	7 Conclusions
	References