Surveillance, Privacy And Security: Citizens’ Perspectives

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of contributors......Page 9
Foreword: Ethical experimentations of security and surveillance as an inquiry into the Open Beta Society......Page 16
Introduction: surveillance, privacy and security......Page 28
PART I: Citizens’ perceptions on security and privacy – empirical findings......Page 40
Introduction......Page 42
The vignettes – situations presented to European citizens......Page 43
The composition of the sample......Page 45
Dependent variable......Page 46
Analysis of dependent and independent variables......Page 47
Main results of the vignettes......Page 48
Detailed presentation of the findings of two vignettes......Page 51
Conclusions......Page 55
Notes......Page 56
References......Page 57
Appendix A – description of the vignettes......Page 59
Appendix B – overview of survey questions......Page 60
Culture, privacy and beyond......Page 63
Research background......Page 64
National culture......Page 67
Survey methodology and indices......Page 70
Results and discussion......Page 74
Concluding remarks and future research......Page 75
References......Page 76
Introduction......Page 79
Framing......Page 80
Factors that contribute to technology acceptance......Page 82
Research questions and hypotheses......Page 83
Dependent variable......Page 84
Independent variables......Page 85
Analyses......Page 86
Does framing affect pre-existing attitudes?......Page 87
Relationship between risk perception, trust, privacy acceptance and total acceptability scores......Page 88
Privacy concerns......Page 89
Risk perception......Page 90
Discussion and conclusion......Page 91
References......Page 94
Introduction......Page 98
Digital surveillance, individual privacy concerns and technological acceptance......Page 99
The distinction between public acceptance and acceptability of DPI......Page 100
Deep Packet Inspection......Page 102
Summit participants’ perceptions of Deep Packet Inspection......Page 103
Factors influencing public acceptance of DPI......Page 110
Discussion and conclusion......Page 114
Bibliography......Page 116
Introduction......Page 118
To be mobile or to be secure?......Page 119
Context, methods and scope of the research......Page 121
Does security work?......Page 123
Does security make sense?......Page 125
Conclusions......Page 127
Notes......Page 129
References......Page 130
PART II: Emergent security and surveillance systems......Page 132
Introduction: the EU and the techno-securitization of borders......Page 134
The metamorphosis of the drone: from warfare drone to a border defence drone......Page 136
Surveillance networks in border surveillance: EUROSUR......Page 137
Drone deployment in border surveillance in Europe: some examples......Page 138
Drones, privacy and data protection......Page 140
The normative framework of privacy and data protection......Page 142
Conclusions......Page 144
Notes......Page 145
References......Page 146
Introduction: video surveillance as ‘normality\'......Page 150
Statistics and preferences: converging, diverging and contradictory results......Page 152
A short history of CCTV in Greece......Page 154
Privacy in public places and security......Page 156
Historical context and privacy perceptions and preferences: vigilance against the state surveillance and institutional distrust......Page 157
Tolerance towards private videosurveillance and ‘function creep’......Page 158
The ‘Greek crisis’ and the trade-off of security and privacy: some concluding remarks......Page 160
Notes......Page 161
References......Page 163
8 Urban security production between the citizen and the state......Page 166
Urban (in-)securities......Page 167
Neoliberal crises and the re-appropriation of the urban......Page 169
Security problems......Page 171
Security actors......Page 173
Security solutions......Page 174
Conclusions......Page 176
References......Page 177
PART III: Governance of security and surveillance systems......Page 180
The trade-off model and its critiques......Page 182
The legal approach – the anatomy of the test......Page 184
The privacy/security conflict in the practice of the ECtHR......Page 186
Information privacy, data protection and the ECtHR’s jurisdiction......Page 187
Security as a legitimate aim......Page 189
Superseding the trade-off model within the test......Page 191
The application of the test in decision support......Page 194
The list of questions......Page 195
Conclusion......Page 199
Notes......Page 200
References......Page 202
Introduction......Page 204
Rights of all......Page 205
Rights protected with special safeguards......Page 206
Limited possibilities of waiver......Page 207
Individual perceptions and the scope of private life......Page 208
Can public perceptions legitimise interferences?......Page 209
The role of consent......Page 211
The views of data subjects in data protection impact assessments......Page 213
Concluding thoughts......Page 214
Notes......Page 215
Bibliography......Page 216
Introduction......Page 218
The SurPRISE events’ methodology, in brief......Page 219
Citizens’ recommendations: law as a solution to real concerns......Page 220
Better applicable law......Page 221
Law enforcement......Page 222
Watching the watchers: an oversight agency......Page 223
The manifold significance of citizens’ views......Page 224
Citizens’ recommendations vis-à-vis the SurPRISE project’s scholarship......Page 225
Lesson for research: greater integration between law and empirical research, especially in the AFSJ......Page 226
The lesson for policy-making: a litmus test for current policy initiatives......Page 228
Conclusion: embed participation in decision-making......Page 230
Annex 1: coding of the recommendations......Page 231
Notes......Page 236
References......Page 237
Introduction......Page 239
Political and economic surveillance in Greece......Page 240
The relation between (electronic) surveillance and participation......Page 242
Methodology......Page 244
Main results......Page 246
Concerns about state surveillance and the importance of personal ideology......Page 247
A critical investigative journalist, infers the same democratic safeguard:......Page 252
Technical vs. legal knowledge and/or perceptions......Page 253
The large category of apolitical citizens......Page 254
Discussion......Page 255
Limitations......Page 257
References......Page 258
13 In quest of reflexivity: towards an anticipatory governance regime for security......Page 260
Security as a ‘wicked problem’ in public policy......Page 262
The wicked ambiguity between security and privacy......Page 265
The elusive evidence base and the need for socially robust knowledge for security......Page 267
Reflexiveness and the mechanism of impact assessments......Page 270
Establishing an anticipatory governance regime for security......Page 273
Outlook: how to inform responsive and responsible security research......Page 275
Notes......Page 278
References......Page 279
Introduction......Page 282
Securitization and paradigm shifts in security policy......Page 283
From security continuum to privacy vacuum?......Page 285
The trade-off fallacy......Page 286
Normalizing privacy interference......Page 287
Main outcome of the citizen summits......Page 288
Citizens’ attitudes and concerns......Page 289
\'Nothing-to-hide’ unscrambled......Page 291
Effectiveness, intrusiveness and trust......Page 292
Summary and conclusions......Page 296
Notes......Page 297
References......Page 298
Index......Page 300