Surgical Research: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice

Front Matter....Pages i-xxxiii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Toward a Definition of Surgical Research....Pages 3-7
The Ideal of Surgical Research: From the Bedside to the Laboratory and Back....Pages 9-14
Developing New Knowledge in Community Practice....Pages 15-22
Selected Historical Perspectives on the Evolution of Surgical Science....Pages 23-38
Surgeons Who Have Won the Nobel Prize....Pages 39-47
The Historical Evolution of Clinical Research....Pages 49-56
Front Matter....Pages 57-57
Appraising New Information....Pages 59-68
How I Read and Assess a Scientific Paper....Pages 69-74
Publications Do Not Always Reflect the Real World....Pages 75-81
Computer-Based Literature Searches....Pages 83-95
Facing the Blank Page/Screen....Pages 97-104
Getting Your Abstract on the Program....Pages 105-109
Writing a Scientific Paper....Pages 111-117
Where Should You Publish Your Paper?....Pages 119-126
What to Do When You Are Asked to Write a Chapter....Pages 127-129
Organizing Your Reference Material....Pages 131-136
Reviewing Books and Refereeing Scientific Papers....Pages 137-143
Front Matter....Pages 145-145
The 10-Minute Presentation....Pages 147-150
Asking and Responding to Questions....Pages 151-152
The Longer Talk....Pages 153-158
Front Matter....Pages 145-145
Slides, Transparencies, and Videos....Pages 159-166
Chairing a Session....Pages 167-170
Organizing Meetings, Panels,Seminars, and Consensus Conferences....Pages 171-179
Speaking at International Meetings: Surviving on the Road....Pages 181-188
Front Matter....Pages 189-189
Turning Clinical Problems into Research Studies....Pages 191-196
Clinical Trials....Pages 197-209
Multicenter Collaborative Clinical Trials....Pages 211-222
Selected Nonexperimental Methods: An Orientation....Pages 223-234
Qualitative Research....Pages 235-241
Estimating Risk and Prognosis....Pages 243-256
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value....Pages 257-269
Scaling, Scoring, and Staging....Pages 271-281
Surgical Examples of Scoring Systems....Pages 283-292
Developing a Measuring Instrument....Pages 293-301
How to Choose a Relevant Endpoint....Pages 303-319
Introductory Biostatistics Texts: Selected Annotated Bibliography....Pages 321-327
A Surgeon’s Guide to Biostatistical Inferences: How to Avoid Pitfalls....Pages 329-340
Systematically Reviewing Previous Work....Pages 341-355
Statistical Consultation in Clinical Research: A Two-Way Street....Pages 357-360
Front Matter....Pages 361-361
Formulating an Initial Research Plan....Pages 363-365
Front Matter....Pages 361-361
Ten Tips on Preparing Research Proposals....Pages 367-372
Funding Research in North America: The United States....Pages 373-377
Funding Research in North America: Canada....Pages 379-382
Applying for Funding from the NIH: A Useful Paradigm for Most Applications....Pages 383-390
What a Grant Review Committee Looks For....Pages 391-396
Funding Research in Europe....Pages 397-405
Front Matter....Pages 407-407
From Concept to Clinical Reality: Implementing Pancreatic Transplantation....Pages 409-417
Animal Experimentation....Pages 419-433
The Isolated Organ in Research....Pages 435-452
Computer Models....Pages 453-470
The Operating Room as a Laboratory....Pages 471-480
Research in the Intensive Care Unit....Pages 481-495
Research in Surgical Education....Pages 497-502
The Nature of Surgical Research: Phenomenology to Molecular Biology and Back....Pages 503-510
Front Matter....Pages 511-511
Outcome: Definition and Methods of Evaluation....Pages 513-520
Quality Improvement: Applying Outcomes Analysis to Patient Care....Pages 521-531
Health Services Research....Pages 533-554
Decision Analysis, Cost-Benefit Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Surgical Research....Pages 555-570
Technology Assessment....Pages 571-577
Front Matter....Pages 579-579
Ethical Principles in Research....Pages 581-604
Front Matter....Pages 579-579
Scientific Integrity: Dealing with Scientific Fraud....Pages 605-612
Front Matter....Pages 613-613
Pentathlete: The Many Roles of an Academic Surgeon....Pages 615-621
The Clinician with a Basic Science Laboratory....Pages 623-631
The Academic Surgeon as Administrator....Pages 633-635
Surgical Research around the World....Pages 637-654
International Exchange for Surgical Education....Pages 655-657
Survival Essentials for the Surgeon-Scientist in Training....Pages 659-661
Future Horizons in Surgical Research....Pages 663-671
Back Matter....Pages 673-695