Surgery of the Breast: Principles and Art, Third Edition (Two Volume Set)

Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contributing Authors
Foreword
Foreword to 2nd Edition
Foreword to 1st Edition
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
SECTION I: Oncology and Oncoplastic Surgery
	CHAPTER 1: The Epidemiology of Breast Cancer: Incidence and Risk Factors
		RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER
		CHANGING INCIDENCE OF BREAST CANCER
		PREVENTION TRIALS: TAMOXIFEN AND STUDY OF TAMOXIFEN AND RALOXIFENE TRIALS
		GENETIC STUDIES
		RISK MODELS OF BREAST CANCER RISK
		HETEROGENEITY OF BREAST CANCER
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 2: Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis
		BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION
		MAMMOGRAPHY
		SONOGRAPHY
		MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
		NUCLEAR IMAGING
		SCINTIMAMMOGRAPHY
		DIAGNOSIS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 3: Imaging of the Surgically Altered Breast
		INTRODUCTION
		MAMMOGRAM: BASIC PRINCIPLES
		ULTRASOUND: BASIC PRINCIPLES
		MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: BASIC PRINCIPLES
		PREOPERATIVE IMAGING
		BENIGN BIOPSY CHANGES
		SPECIMEN IMAGING
		IMAGING THE POSTREDUCTION MAMMOPLASTY BREAST
		IMAGING THE CONSERVATIVELY TREATED BREAST
		IMAGING THE POSTMASTECTOMY BREAST WITHOUT RECONSTRUCTION
		IMAGING THE POSTMASTECTOMY BREAST WITH AUTOGENOUS RECONSTRUCTION
		IMAGING THE POSTMASTECTOMY BREAST WITH NONAUTOGENOUS RECONSTRUCTION
		IMAGING THE IMPLANT-AUGMENTED BREAST
		IMAGING THE POSTEXPLANTATION BREAST
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 4: Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment in Augmented Women
		INTRODUCTION
		IMPLANTS AND CANCER RISK
		PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE AUGMENTED BREAST
		RADIOLOGICAL IMAGING OF THE AUGMENTED BREAST
		EFFECTS OF IMPLANTS ON DISEASE STAGE AND PROGNOSIS
		TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER IN AUGMENTED PATIENTS
		CONCLUSIONS
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 5: Pathology of Breast Disorders
		BENIGN DISORDERS
		BENIGN NEOPLASMS
		MISCELLANEOUS LESIONS
		INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS
		LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU
		DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU
		PAGET’S DISEASE OF THE NIPPLE
		INVASIVE CARCINOMA
		OTHER TYPES OF INVASIVE CARCINOMA
		PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF INVASIVE CARCINOMA
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 6: Defining and Managing the High-risk Patient
		DEFINING RISK BASED ON HISTOLOGIC LESIONS
		NONPROLIFERATIVE LESIONS
		PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS
		ATYPICAL LESIONS
		EFFECT OF OTHER FACTORS ON BENIGN BREAST DISEASE AND BREAST CANCER RISK
		SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF HIGH-RISK PATHOLOGIC LESIONS
		BREAST CANCER RISK MODELS
		MAMMOGRAPHIC DENSITY
		BREAST CANCER PREVENTION AGENTS
		SURGICAL RISK REDUCTION
		PREVENTION RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 7: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: An Oncoplastic Treatment Approach
		INTRODUCTION
		THE CHANGING NATURE OF DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU
		PATHOLOGY
		DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS
		TREATMENT
		DISTANT DISEASE AND DEATH
		THE PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIALS
		LIMITATIONS OF THE PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIALS
		PREDICTING LOCAL RECURRENCE IN CONSERVATIVELY TREATED PATIENTS WITH DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU
		CURRENT TREATMENT TRENDS
		THE USE OF MARGIN WIDTH AS THE SOLE PREDICTOR OF LOCAL RECURRENCE
		TREATMENT OF THE AXILLA FOR PATIENTS WITH DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU
		ONCOPLASTIC BREAST SURGERY
		ONCOPLASTIC RESECTION
		ONCOPLASTIC STEPS
		ONCOPLASTIC EXCISIONS
		SUMMARY
		THE FUTURE
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 8: Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
		INTRODUCTION
		STAGING OF BREAST CANCER
		MASTECTOMY
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 9: Sentinel Node Biopsy and Axillary Dissection
		INTRODUCTION
		HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
		CASE SELECTION FOR SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY
		TECHNIQUE OF SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY
		CASE SELECTION FOR AXILLARY LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
		TECHNIQUE OF AXILLARY LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
		COMPLICATIONS OF SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY AND AXILLARY LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
		AXILLARY STAGING: FUTURE DIRECTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 10: Breast Conservation: Oncologic Issues
		COST OF BREAST CONSERVATION VERSUS MASTECTOMY
		FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CHOICE OF BREAST CONSERVATION VERSUS MASTECTOMY
		THE USE OF NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND BREAST CONSERVATION
		IMPACT OF BREAST TUMOR RECURRENCE ON OUTCOME
		RADIATION TREATMENT
		DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU AND BREAST CONSERVATION
		DETECTION OF LOCAL RECURRENCE
		BREAST CONSERVATION AND ONCOPLASTIC SURGERY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 11: Oncoplastic Surgery: Managing Common and Challenging Problems
		INTRODUCTION
		MANAGING COMMON PROBLEMS
		OUTCOME OF ONCOPLASTIC BREAST SURGERY
		MANAGING CHALLENGING PROBLEMS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 12: Reconstruction of Partial Mastectomy Defects: Classifications and Methods
		INTRODUCTION
		UNDERSTANDING THE DEFECT
		CLASSIFYING THE PARTIAL MASTECTOMY DEFECT
		PREVENTING THE PARTIAL MASTECTOMY DEFECT
		INDICATIONS FOR PARTIAL BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		CLASSIFICATION OF THE RECONSTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES
		TREATMENT ALGORITHM
		TIMING OF PARTIAL BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		MANAGEMENT OF MARGINS
		SURVEILLANCE
		COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 13: Special Problems in the Treatment and Reconstruction of Breast Cancer
		INTRODUCTION
		THIN PATIENTS
		OBESE PATIENTS
		PTOSIS
		OTHER OPTIONS FOR WOMEN WITH MACROMASTIA
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 14: The Osnabrueck Experience With Reconstruction of the Partial Mastectomy Defect
		ONCOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
		BREAST-CONSERVING THERAPY AS THE STANDARD OF SURGICAL CARE IN PRIMARY BREAST CANCER
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
		SURGICAL MANAGEMENT TO IMPROVE BREAST-CONSERVING THERAPY
		CASE 1
		EXCISION OF A SMALL BREAST MASS (LUMPECTOMY)
		EXCISION OF A LARGER BREAST MASS
		LUMPECTOMY USING A PERIAREOLAR ACCESS
		CASE 2
		EXCISION OF A SKIN ELLIPSE
		CLOSURE OF A PARTIAL MASTECTOMY DEFECT VIA REMODELING: MASTOPEXY
		CLOSURE OF A PARTIAL MASTECTOMY DEFECT VIA REMODELING: REDUCTION
		CLOSURE VIA SUBCUTANEOUS REDUCTION MAMMAPLASTY
		CASE 3
		CLOSURE VIA INSERTION OF A LOCAL FLAP
		CLOSURE VIA DISTANT FLAP
		CASE 4
		CASE 5
		OTHER NONONCOLOGIC INDICATIONS FOR WIDE EXCISION OR PARTIAL MASTECTOMY
		CASE 6
		CASE 7
		REOPERATIVE SURGERY AFTER BREAST-CONSERVING THERAPY
		CASE 8
		CASE 9
		CASE 10
		CASE 11
		CASE 12
		CASE 13
		CASE 14
		CONCLUSION
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 15: Reconstruction of the Breast Conservation Patient
		TECHNIQUE OF BREAST CONSERVATION
		COSMETIC RESULTS AFTER BREAST CONSERVATION
		TIMING OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PARTIAL MASTECTOMY DEFECT
		CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST DEFORMITIES AFTER CONSERVATIVE CANCER SURGERY AND RADIATION THERAPY
		PATIENT SELECTION AND EVALUATION
		RECONSTRUCTION: WHAT METHOD IS BEST?
		FLAP SELECTION
		SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND INTRAOPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		ROLE OF BIOPSY
		CORRELATION OF DEFECT AND DONOR TISSUES
		FLAP ELEVATION AND INSETTING
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		CLINICAL RESULTS
		RECURRENT BREAST CANCER AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BREAST CONSERVATION PATIENT: ROLE OF MAMMOGRAPHY
		LONG-TERM COSMETIC RESULTS AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF BREAST CONSERVATION-ASSOCIATED DEFORMITIES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 16: Reduction Mammaplasty as Part of Breast Conservation Therapy of the Large-breasted Patient
		INTRODUCTION
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 17: Follow-up After Surgery for Primary Breast Cancer: Breast-conserving Therapy and Mastectomy
		SURVEILLANCE AFTER PRIMARY TREATMENT FOR BREAST CANCER
		FOLLOW-UP AFTER BREAST-CONSERVING THERAPY
		FOLLOW-UP AFTER MASTECTOMY
		EMOTIONAL IMPACT OF FOLLOW-UP AFTER PRIMARY TREATMENT FOR BREAST CANCER
		CONTRALATERAL OR NEW OCCURRENCE
		SYSTEMIC RECURRENCE
		SUGGESTED APPROACH TO FOLLOW-UP AFTER TREATMENT FOR PRIMARY BREAST CANCER
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 18: Adjuvant Systemic Therapy
		PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
		PRINCIPLES OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
		PRINCIPLES OF ADJUVANT ENDOCRINE THERAPY
		BIOLOGIC AGENTS
		TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 19: Radiation Therapy Following Breast-conserving Surgery
		INTRODUCTION
		INVASIVE DISEASE
		DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU
		WHOLE-BREAST RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES
		ACCELERATED PARTIAL BREAST IRRADIATION
		PATIENT SELECTION FOR ACCELERATED PARTIAL BREAST IRRADIATION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 20: Invasive Carcinoma: Radiation Therapy After Mastectomy
		INTRODUCTION
		EFFECT OF POSTMASTECTOMY RADIATION THERAPY ON OVERALL SURVIVAL
		CRITICISM OF THE DANISH TRIALS OF POSTMASTECTOMY RADIATION
		WHICH PATIENTS SHOULD RECEIVE ADJUVANT RADIATION AFTER MASTECTOMY?
		SEQUENCING OF MASTECTOMY, CHEMOTHERAPY, ENDOCRINE THERAPY, AND RADIOTHERAPY
		NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND INDICATIONS FOR POSTMASTECTOMY RADIATION
		RADIATION TARGET VOLUMES
		RADIATION TECHNIQUES
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 21: Hereditary Breast Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Testing, and Management Options
		HEREDITARY BREAST CANCER SYNDROMES AND ASSOCIATED CANCER RISKS
		RISK ASSESSMENT
		MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS AT HIGH RISK OF BREAST CANCER
		CONCLUSION
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 22: Prophylactic Simple Mastectomy and Reconstruction, Including Prosthetic, Latissimus, and Transverse Rectus Abdominus Myocutaneous Flap Techniques
		INTRODUCTION
		PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
		OPERATIVE PLANNING
		INCISION PATTERN
		RECONSTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUE
		AREOLA-SPARING MASTECTOMY
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 23: Nipple-sparing Mastectomy and Reconstruction: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes
		INTRODUCTION
		INDICATIONS
		DISCUSSION: OPERATIVE APPROACH AND OPTIMIZING OUTCOMES
		COMPLICATIONS
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 24: Nipple-sparing Mastectomy
		INTRODUCTION
		HISTORY
		NIPPLE-AREOLAR ANATOMY
		RISK REDUCTION MASTECTOMY
		MASTECTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER
		EVALUATION
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 25: Breast Cancer in Men: Oncologic and Reconstructive Considerations
		INTRODUCTION
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		PRESENTATION
		HISTOLOGY
		DIAGNOSIS
		MANAGEMENT AND PROGNOSIS
		RECONSTRUCTION
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 26: Psychological Impact of Treatments for Breast Cancer
		FACTORS AFFECTING PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT
		SPECIAL ISSUES
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
SECTION II: Breast Reconstruction
	CHAPTER 27: Informed Consent: Medicolegal Considerations in Breast Surgery
		STANDARDS FOR INFORMED CONSENT
		WHO MAY PROVIDE INFORMED CONSENT?
		COMPONENTS OF LEARNING INFORMED CONSENT
		INCLUSIONS OF INFORMED CONSENT
		DISSATISFACTION WITH COSMETIC RESULTS
		“THE $75,000 BREAST”
		FUTURE CARE
		DOCUMENTATION
		IMPACT IN A LAWSUIT
		THE MEDICOLEGAL CONSIDERATIONS OF BREAST SURGERY
	CHAPTER 28: Silicone Gel Breast Implants
		SILICONE
		SILICONE GEL BREAST IMPLANTS: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE?
		LOCAL COMPLICATIONS OF BREAST IMPLANTS
		SYSTEMIC COMPLICATIONS OF BREAST IMPLANTS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 29: Breast Implants: Materials and Manufacturing Past, Present, and Future
		INTRODUCTION
		SILICONE
		MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS
		IMPLANT GENERATIONS
		IMPLANT FILLER
		SURFACE TEXTURE
		MANUFACTURING PROCESS
		BREAST IMPLANTS AND THE U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
		CURRENT CONCERNS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 30: One-stage Immediate Breast Reconstruction With Adjustable Implants
		INTRODUCTION
		TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
		IMPLANT SELECTION
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 31: Immediate and Delayed Breast Reconstruction With Shaped Adjustable Implants
		PLANNING THE RECONSTRUCTION
		SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN IMMEDIATE BREAST RECONSTRUCTIONS
		COMPLICATIONS
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 32: Immediate Two-stage Breast Reconstruction Using a Tissue Expander and Implant
		PATIENT SELECTION
		PLANNING
		TISSUE EXPANDER PLACEMENT
		SECOND STAGE
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 33: Acellular Dermis-assisted Breast Reconstruction
		THE EVOLUTION OF PROSTHETIC BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		RESULTS
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 34: Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction With Acellular Dermal Matrix
		THE CONSULTATION
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
		TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		COMPLICATIONS
		DISCUSSION
		SUGGESTED READING
	CHAPTER 35: Delayed Two-stage Tissue Expander–Implant Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		INDICATIONS
		TIMING
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		RISKS OF THE PROCEDURE
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 36: Breast Reconstruction With Form-stable Implants
		HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
		AIM OF EXTRA-PROJECTION, IMPLANT BASED RECONSTRUCTIVE STRATEGY
		INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		PERSONAL EXPERIENCE, RISKS OF PROCEDURE, AND DATA FROM LITERATURE
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 37: Skin-preserving Delayed-Immediate Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		THE INCREASING USE AND EVOLVING INDICATIONS FOR POSTMASTECTOMY RADIATION THERAPY
		CHOOSING BETWEEN IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		TWO POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH RADIATION THERAPY AFTER IMMEDIATE BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		DELAYED-IMMEDIATE BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 38: Immediate Two-stage Breast Reconstruction Using Semilunar Expander and Purse-string Closure
		ONCOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS AND PATIENT SELECTION
		CONCEPTS IN EXPANSION
		COMPLICATIONS
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		CLINICAL CASES
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 39: Prosthetic Reconstruction in the Radiated Breast
		HISTORY
		INDICATIONS
		PATIENT SELECTION
		TECHNIQUE
		RADIATION DURING RECONSTRUCTION
		COMPLICATIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 40: Secondary Prosthetic Cases
		CHOOSING AN APPROPRIATE IMPLANT
		APPROPRIATE POSITION
		ALTERATION OF THE CONTRALATERAL BREAST
		NIPPLE POSITION
		CONTOUR DEFORMITIES
	CHAPTER 41: Recreating the Inframammary Fold: The External Approach
		REFERENCE
	CHAPTER 42: Re-creating the Inframammary Fold: The Internal Approach
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 43: Recreating the Inframammary Fold With the Superficial Fascial System
		AESTHETICS OF THE INFRAMAMMARY FOLD UNIT
		ANATOMY OF THE INFRAMAMMARY FOLD: THE SUPERFICIAL FASCIAL SYSTEM
		SURGICAL PROCEDURES
		PATIENT SELECTION: INDICATIONS
		SPECIAL CASES
		ADVANTAGES, SIDE EFFECTS, AND DISADVANTAGES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 44: Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap Breast Reconstruction
		ANATOMY
		INDICATIONS
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		TISSUE EXPANDER VERSUS IMPLANT?
		MANAGEMENT OF THE OPPOSITE BREAST
		DELAYED BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		IMMEDIATE BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		AUTOGENOUS LATISSIMUS RECONSTRUCTION
		RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PARTIAL MASTECTOMY DEFECT
		SALVAGE RECONSTRUCTION
		COMPLICATIONS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 45: Endoscopic Delayed-Immediate Autologous Reconstruction with Latissimus Muscle Only Flaps
		HISTORY OF THE PROCEDURE
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		CASE PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION
		OUTCOMES AND FAILURES
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 46: The Latissimus Dorsi Flap in Reconstruction of the Radiated Breast
		INTRODUCTION
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 47: Breast Reconstruction With an Autologous Latissimus Dorsi Flap With and Without Immediate Nipple Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE AUTOLOGOUS LATISSIMUS DORSI FLAP
		THE OBJECTIVES OF BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		RESULTS
		COMPLICATIONS
		ADVANTAGES OF THE AUTOLOGOUS LATISSIMUS DORSI FLAP
		DRAWBACKS OF THE AUTOLOGOUS LATISSIMUS DORSI FLAP
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 48: Aesthetic Subunits of the Breast
		INTRODUCTION
		SUBUNIT PRINCIPLE
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 49: Reconstruction of the Irradiated Breast
		INTRODUCTION
		ONCOLOGIC NEED FOR RADIOTHERAPY
		LOCAL TISSUE EFFECTS OF RADIOTHERAPY
		TIMING OF RADIOTHERAPY
		PROSTHETIC-BASED RECONSTRUCTION
		AUTOLOGOUS TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION: PEDICLED TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP
		AUTOLOGOUS TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION: FREE TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP
		AUTOLOGOUS TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION: DEEP INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC PERFORATOR FLAP
		COMBINED AUTOLOGOUS AND PROSTHETIC RECONSTRUCTION: LATISSIMUS DORSI FLAP
		THE PREVIOUSLY AUGMENTED BREAST AND RADIOTHERAPY
		BREAST CONSERVATION THERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY
		RECONSTRUCTION FOLLOWING BREAST CONSERVATION THERAPY
		FUTURE ADVANCES: OPTIMIZATION OF RADIOTHERAPY
		FUTURE ADVANCES: FAT GRAFTING
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 50: One-stage Reconstruction of the Breast Using Autologous Tissue With Immediate Nipple Reconstruction
		COMPONENTS OF BREAST SHAPE
		INDICATIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS
		TECHNIQUES
		CASE PRESENTATIONS/DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 51: Bipedicle TRAM Flap Reconstruction
		OVERVIEW
		PATIENT SELECTION
		PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		COMPLICATIONS
		REFERENCES
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 52: Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap Reconstruction: The Single-pedicle, Whole-muscle Technique
		FLAP ELEVATION
		ABDOMINAL CLOSURE
		SHAPING THE BREAST
		CASE PRESENTATION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 53: Breast Reconstruction With the Unipedicle TRAM Operation: The Muscle-splitting Technique
		INTRODUCTION
		PATIENT SELECTION AND EVALUATION
		PREPARATION FOR SURGERY
		OPERATIVE PLANNING
		OPERATION
		AFTERCARE
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 54: Bilateral Transverse Rectus Abdominus Myocutaneous Flaps
		AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES FOR BILATERAL TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINUS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAPS
		BILATERAL CONVENTIONAL TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINUS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAPS
		BILATERAL FREE TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINUS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAPS
		CLOSURE OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
		RESULTS
		COMPLICATIONS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 55: Free Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
		INDICATIONS AND PATIENT SELECTION
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		INTRAOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		RISKS OF THE PROCEDURE
		DISCUSSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 56: Immediate Reconstruction After Skin-sparing Mastectomy Through a Periareolar Approach
		HISTORY
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND MARKING
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		INTRAOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		REPRESENTATIVE CASES
		GENERIC RISKS OF PROCEDURE
		OUTCOMES AND FAILURES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 57: Immediate Reconstruction After Skin-sparing Mastectomy Using the Omental Flap and Synthetic Mesh
		INTRODUCTION
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		RESULTS
		DISCUSSION
		ACKNOWLEDGMENT
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 58: Abdominal Flaps and Implants
		INTRODUCTION
		INDICATIONS
		DEVICE SELECTION
		DEVICE INSERTION
		COMPLICATIONS
		OUTCOMES
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 59: Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flaps With Preoperative Delay
		DELAY PHENOMENON DEFINED
		HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
		DELAY PHENOMENON: PHYSIOLOGY
		ANGIOSOMES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL AND THE EFFECT OF DELAY
		VASCULAR ANATOMY OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
		OPERATIVE PROCEDURE
		DISCUSSION
		ADVANTAGES OF TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAPS WITH PREOPERATIVE DELAY
		DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAPS WITH PREOPERATIVE DELAY
		UPDATE ON TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP WITH PREOPERATIVE DELAY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 60: Breast Reconstruction With Free Tissue Transfer: An Algorithmic Approach
		BACKGROUND
		ALGORITHM
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 61: Perforator Flaps in Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PERFORATOR FLAPS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 62: Anatomic Basis of Perforator Flaps
		INTRODUCTION
		METHODS OF STUDYING VASCULAR ANATOMY
		THE PERFORASOME DIRECT AND INDIRECT LINKING VESSELS
		DEEP INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC PERFORATOR FLAP
		THORACODORSAL ARTERY PERFORATOR FLAP
		SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY PERFORATOR FLAPS
		OTHER PERFORATOR FLAPS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 63: Pedicled Perforator Flaps in Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		ANATOMY
		CLASSIFICATION OF FLAPS
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		SURGICAL APPROACH
		FLAP CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULTS
		PRO AND CONS
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 64: Musculofascial-sparing Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flaps
		SUPERIORLY BASED TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCULOCUTANEOUS FLAPS
		INFERIORLY BASED TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAPS
		ABDOMINAL WALL FUNCTION
		EFFECTS ON FLAP PERFUSION
		PATIENT SELECTION
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 65: Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction
		BACKGROUND
		ANATOMY
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PROCEDURE TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		SALVAGE PROCEDURES
		GENERIC RISKS
		CASES
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 66: The Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap in Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		BRIEF HISTORY
		INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PERTINENT ANATOMY
		SUPERIOR VERSUS INFERIOR GLUTEAL FLAP
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
		OPERATIVE PROCEDURE
		RECIPIENT SITE
		DONOR SITE
		ANASTOMOSIS
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		SECOND STAGE
		CASE STUDIES
		OUTCOME
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 67: The Inferior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap for Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		ANATOMY
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
		COMPLICATIONS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 68: The Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Flap in Breast Reconstruction
		BACKGROUND
		HISTORY
		INDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
		PROCEDURE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 69: Gracilis Flaps for Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		HISTORY
		TRANSVERSE UPPER GRACILIS FLAP DESIGN
		RESULTS
		DISCUSSION
		INNER THIGH FLAP DONOR SITE
		GRACILIS PERFORATOR FLAPS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 70: Options for Managing the Opposite Breast in Breast Reconstruction
		ONCOLOGIC ISSUES
		PATIENT SELECTION
		TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGING THE OPPOSITE BREAST
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 71: Issues, Considerations, and Outcomes in Bilateral Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		BILATERAL VERSUS UNILATERAL BREAST RECONSTRUCTION: THE SURGICAL DECISION PROCESS
		IMPLANT-BASED BREAST RECONSTRUCTIONS
		LATISSIMUS DORSI BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		LOWER ABDOMINAL WALL FLAPS
		SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN BILATERAL LOWER ABDOMINAL FLAPS FOR BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		ALTERNATIVE AUTOLOGOUS FLAPS FOR BILATERAL BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		OTHER ISSUES IN BILATERAL BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		PATIENT SATISFACTION
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 72: Nipple-Areola Reconstruction
		TIMING: IMMEDIATE VERSUS DELAYED
		POSITIONING THE NEW NIPPLE
		RADIATION AND NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION
		NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
		TATTOO-ONLY NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION
		NIPPLE AUGMENTATION
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		AREOLAR RECONSTRUCTION BY TATTOO
		REFERENCES
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 73: Considerations of Previous Augmentation in Subsequent Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		ONCOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS IN AUGMENTATION PATIENTS
		MASTECTOMY AND RECONSTRUCTION
		IMPLANT RECONSTRUCTION
		PROSTHETIC RECONSTRUCTION FOLLOWING SUBGLANDULAR AUGMENTATION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 74: The Second Stage in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		PLANNING
		TIMING
		BREAST MOUND REVISION
		INFRAMAMMARY FOLD
		CONTRALATERAL BREAST
		NIPPLE-AREOLA RECONSTRUCTION
		SCAR REVISIONS
		FAT NECROSIS
		REVISING IRRADIATED BREAST
		FAT INJECTION
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 75: Biomechanical Considerations Following Breast Reconstruction With Abdominal Flaps
		INTRODUCTION
		RECTUS ABDOMINIS
		THE ABDOMINAL FLAPS
		COMPARITIVE STUDIES OF ABDOMINAL STRENGTH AND CONTOUR
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 76: Fat Injection to Correct Contour Deformities in the Reconstructed Breast
		INTRODUCTION
		HISTORY OF AUTOLOGOUS FAT GRAFTING
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		OUTCOMES
		DISCUSSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 77: Lipomodeling of the Reconstructed Breast
		INTRODUCTION
		THE HISTORY OF FAT TRANSFER
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		LIPOMODELING OF THE AUTOLOGOUS LATISSIMUS DORSI RECONSTRUCTED BREAST
		LIPOMODELING AFTER IMPLANT RECONSTRUCTION
		LIPOMODELING OF THE TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP RECONSTRUCTED BREAST
		BREAST RECONSTRUCTION BY LIPOMODELING
		OTHER INDICATIONS IN BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		POLAND SYNDROME AND LIPOMODELING
		PECTUS EXCAVATUM AND LIPOMODELING
		TUBEROUS BREASTS
		BREAST ASYMMETRY
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 78: Surveillance Following Breast Reconstruction
		INTRODUCTION
		MECHANISMS OF RECURRENCE
		LOCAL RECURRENCE IN THE RECONSTRUCTED BREAST
		METHODS OF CANCER SURVEILLANCE FOLLOWING BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 79: Reconstruction of the Breast Following Tumor Recurrence
		INTRODUCTION
		RECURRENCE AFTER BREAST-CONSERVING THERAPY
		RECURRENCE AFTER MASTECTOMY
		RECURRENCE AFTER MASTECTOMY AND RECONSTRUCTION
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 80: Stem Cells and the Breast
		INTRODUCTION
		THE SPECTRUM OF HUMAN STEM CELLS
		TISSUE REGENERATION
		ADIPOSE-DERIVED STEM CELLS FOR FAT GRAFTING
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 81: Management of Chronic Postoperative Breast Pain
		INTRODUCTION
		ETIOLOGY AND INCIDENCE
		ANATOMY
		DIAGNOSIS
		CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT
		SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
SECTION III: Reduction Mammaplasty and Mastopexy
	CHAPTER 82: Reduction Mammaplasty and Mastopexy: General Considerations
		INTRODUCTION
		OPERATIVE GOALS: REDUCTION
		OPERATIVE GOALS: MASTOPEXY
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 83: Periareolar Benelli Mastopexy and Reduction: The “Round Block”
		EVOLUTION OF PERSONAL TECHNIQUE
		PATIENTS AND METHODS
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 84: Mastopexy With Chest Wall–based Flap and Pectoralis Muscle Loop
		INTRODUCTION
		TECHNIQUE
		OPERATIVE PROCEDURE
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSIONS
		COMMENTARY REFERENCES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 85: A Mastopexy Technique Without Implants: Superolaterally Based Rotation Flap
		INTRODUCTION
		HISTORY OF MASTOPEXY WITHOUT IMPLANTS
		PREFERRED TECHNIQUE
		INDICATIONS AND FAVORABLE SITUATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND MARKING
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 86: Vertical Scar Breast Reduction and Mastopexy Without Undermining
		WHY THE VERTICAL MAMMAPLASTY?
		IS VERTICAL MAMMAPLASTY A SAFE PROCEDURE?
		THE VERTICAL SCAR IS NOT THE MINIMAL SCAR THAT CAN BE LEFT AFTER A MAMMAPLASTY
		MASTOPEXY
		LONG-LASTING RESULTS
		A CENTRAL VERTICAL WEDGE RESECTION
		VERTICAL SCAR
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 87: Vertical Mastopexy
		INTRODUCTION
		EVOLUTION OF THE TECHNIQUE
		ANATOMY
		WHY VERTICAL MASTOPEXY?
		INDICATIONS FOR VERTICAL MASTOPEXY
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 88: Vertical Mammaplasty for Breast Reduction and Mastopexy
		PRINCIPLES
		DRAWINGS
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		RESULTS
		COMPLICATIONS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 89: Vertical Mammaplasty With a Short Horizontal Scar
		TATTOOING AND INFILTRATION
		DEEPIDERMIZATION WITH THE COSTAGLIOLA MAMMOSTAT
		GLANDULAR DISSECTION AND RESECTION
		SUSPENSION BREAST REMODELING
		THE SHORT HORIZONTAL SCAR
		AREOLA ADJUSTMENT
		SPECIAL BRASSIERES
		PTOSIS CORRECTION
		CLINICAL EXAMPLES
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 90: Breast Reduction by Liposuction Alone
		INTRODUCTION
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		RECOVERY
		COMPLICATIONS
		PATIENT SATISFACTION
		BREAST CANCER ISSUES
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 91: Vertical Breast Reduction Using the Superomedial Pedicle
		HISTORY
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		INTRAOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 92: The Short Scar Periareolar Inferior Pedicle Reduction Mammaplasty
		INTRODUCTION
		OPERATIVE STRATEGY
		PATIENT MARKING
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		RESULTS
		COMPLICATIONS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 93: The Circumvertical Breast Reduction Technique
		INTRODUCTION
		CHOICE OF THE PATIENT AND MARKING
		THE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		RESULTS
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 94: Inferior Pedicle Technique in Breast Reduction: Basic Concepts
		INDICATIONS
		CONSULTATION
		INSURANCE SYSTEMS
		PREOPERATIVE DISCUSSION
		CONSENT
		CAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
		MARKINGS
		OPERATIVE DETAILS
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		COMPLICATIONS
		OUTCOMES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 95: Inferior Pedicle Technique in Breast Reduction: Practical Steps
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
		OPERATIVE PROCEDURE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		COMPLICATIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 96: Reduction Mammaplasty Using the Central Mound Technique
		INTRODUCTION
		ANATOMY
		TECHNIQUE
		RESULTS
		DISCUSSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 97: Reduction Mammaplasty Using Medial Pedicles and Inverted-T Incisions
		INTRODUCTION
		ANATOMY
		HISTORY OF THE MEDIAL AND SUPEROMEDIAL PEDICLES
		INDICATIONS FOR USING A MEDIALLY BASED PEDICLE
		PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
		PATIENT MARKINGS: MEDIAL PEDICLE
		PATIENT MARKINGS: SUPEROMEDIAL PEDICLE
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE: MEDIAL PEDICLE
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE: SUPEROMEDIAL PEDICLE
		DISCUSSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 98: The L Short-scar Mammaplasty
		INTRODUCTION
		INDICATIONS AND PATIENT SELECTION
		PREOPERATIVE MARKINGS
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		RESULTS
		PROBLEMS, PITFALLS, AND COMPLICATIONS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 99: The No-vertical-scar Breast Reduction
		INTRODUCTION
		HISTORY OF THE PROCEDURE
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE: THE NO-VERTICAL-SCAR BREAST REDUCTION
		INTRAOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		CASES
		RISKS
		OUTCOME DATA
		CONCLUSION
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 100: Breast Reduction With the Free Nipple Graft Technique
		HISTORY
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
		INTRAOPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		RETAINED INFERIOR BREAST MOUND TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		RESULTS OF THE SURGERY
		RISKS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 101: Reduction Mammoplasty in the Irradiated Breast
		INTRODUCTION
		BACKGROUND
		TECHNIQUES
		TIMING
		COSMETIC RESULTS
		CANCER SURVEILLANCE
		CASE REPORTS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 102: Breast Reduction and Mastopexy After Massive Weight Loss
		INTRODUCTION
		INDICATIONS
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		COMPLICATIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 103: Strategies in Breast Reduction and Mastopexy After Massive Weight Loss
		INTRODUCTION
		OBESITY AND WEIGHT LOSS
		WEIGHT LOSS DEFORMITY
		PRINCIPLES OF BODY CONTOURING SURGERY
		REVIEW OF MASSIVE-WEIGHT-LOSS LITERATURE ON THE BREAST
		EVOLUTION OF BREAST TECHNIQUE
		CONCEPTUALIZING THE SPIRAL FLAP AND UPPER BODY LIFT
		SPIRAL FLAP BREAST RESHAPING AND UPPER BODY LIFT OPERATION
		GENERAL MANAGEMENT AND INFORMED CONSENT
		SPIRAL FLAP COMPLICATIONS
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 104: Gynecomastia
		INTRODUCTION
		EVALUATION
		TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 105: Complications and Secondary Corrections After Breast Reduction and Mastopexy
		INTRODUCTION
		NIPPLE LOSS
		SCARS
		FLAP NECROSIS
		NIPPLE MALPOSITION
		COSMETIC DISAPPOINTMENTS
		OTHER COMPLICATIONS
		BREAST REDUCTION IN THE DIFFICULT CIRCUMSTANCE
		BREAST CANCER AND BREAST REDUCTION SURGERY
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
SECTION IV: Augmentation Mammaplasty
	CHAPTER 106: Augmentation Mammaplasty: General Considerations
		INTRODUCTION
		HISTORY
		BREAST IMPLANT EVOLUTION
		SURGICAL GOALS AND TREATMENT
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		MANAGEMENT OF THE AUGMENTED PATIENT
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 107: The High Five Process: Tissue-based Planning for Breast Augmentation
		INTRODUCTION
		THE HIGH FIVE PROCESS: HOW IT WORKS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
		DISCUSSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 108: The Augmentation Mammoplasty Patient: Psychological Issues
		PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF WOMEN SEEKING AUGMENTATION MAMMOPLASTY
		MOTIVATIONS OR REASONS FOR SEEKING AUGMENTATION MAMMOPLASTY
		PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH AUGMENTATION MAMMOPLASTY
		MORTALITY ISSUES
		THE SILICONE BREAST IMPLANT CONTROVERSY AND ITS IMPACT ON BREAST AUGMENTATION PATIENTS
		STATUS OF LEGISLATION REGARDING BREAST IMPLANTS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 109: Patient Education in Breast Augmentation
		INTRODUCTION
		PATIENT EDUCATION AND INFORMED CONSENT
		THE INITIAL PATIENT CONSULTATION
		PATIENT EDUCATION IN BREAST AUGMENTATION: TOOLS, TECHNOLOGY, AND THE SENSES
		CONVEYING LIFELONG RISK IN BREAST AUGMENTATION
		EDUCATION AND ITS ROLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT EXPECTATIONS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 110: The Inframammary Approach to Augmentation Mammaplasty
		INTRODUCTION
		INCISION PLANNING
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 111: The Periareolar Approach to Augmentation Mammaplasty
		INTRODUCTION
		TECHNIQUE
		DISCUSSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 112: Subfascial Breast Augmentation
		INTRODUCTION
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 113: Transaxillary Breast Augmentation
		MARKINGS
		POSITIONING
		EQUIPMENT
		INCISIONS
		INITIAL DISSECTION
		SUBPECTORAL DISSECTION
		PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE RELEASE
		IMPLANT PLACEMENT
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		NONENDOSCOPIC APPROACH
		DISCUSSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 114: Transumbilical Breast Augmentation
		HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
		PATIENT SELECTION
		PLANNING
		PATIENT PREPARATION
		IMPLANT PREPARATION
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		VARIANCES
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		TRANSUMBILICAL IMPLANT REPLACEMENT
		RESULTS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 115: Breast Augmentation With Anatomic, High-cohesiveness Silicone Gel Implants (European Experience)
		ANATOMIC, HIGH-COHESIVENESS SILICONE GEL BREAST IMPLANTS: MANUFACTURERS
		INDICATIONS FOR HIGH-COHESIVENESS SILICONE GEL BREAST IMPLANTS
		ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH-COHESIVENESS SILICONE GEL BREAST IMPLANTS
		IMPLANT SELECTION: PREOPERATIVE ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENTS
		PREOPERATIVE MARKINGS: THE AKADEMIKLINIKEN METHOD
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE IN BIODIMENSIONAL BREAST AUGMENTATION
		RESULTS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 116: The Highly Cohesive, Style 410 Form-stable Gel Implant for Primary Breast Augmentation
		CHARACTERISTICS
		INDIVIDUAL PATIENT RESULTS AND EXAMPLES
		RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EARLY USE AND SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 117: Lipoaugmentation
		INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF FAT GRAFTING TO THE BREASTS
		PATIENT SELECTION
		PLANNING
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		COMPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
		RESULTS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 118: Breast Augmentation and Reconstruction Using BRAVA External Breast Expansion and Autologous Fat Grafting
		INTRODUCTION
		HISTORY
		LARGE-VOLUME FAT GRAFTING
		RECIPIENT-SITE MODULATION: BRAVA EXTERNAL BREAST EXPANSION
		BRAVA EXTERNAL BREAST EXPANSION AND MEGAVOLUME FAT GRAFTING DIFFERS FROM CLASSIC AUTOLOGOUS FAT GRAFTING
		FAT GRAFTING IN PRACTICE: AESTHETIC AND ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
		NONSURGICAL PREEXPANSION AND FAT GRAFTING IN BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
		NONOPERATIVE PREEXPANSION AND FAT GRAFTING: PROGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST TYPES
		PRACTICAL PATIENT MANAGEMENT: THE FOUR P’S
		PATIENT EVALUATION AND SELECTION
		LESSONS FROM HAIR TRANSPLANTATION
		PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
		PROCEDURE: TECHNICAL GUIDELINES
		GRAFTING TECHNIQUES
		AESTHETIC ENDPOINTS OF BREAST SIZE AND SHAPE POSTGRAFTING: A PARADIGM SHIFT
		POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
		CASE EXAMPLES: AUGMENTATION
		THE SCIENCE, THE SURGERY, AND THE CONSUMER: THE FUTURE OF FAT GRAFTING TO THE BREAST FOR AUGMENTATION
		CONTROVERSIAL TOPICS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 119: Augmentation Mammaplasty in the Patient With Tuberous Breasts and Other Complex Anomalies
		INTRODUCTION
		DEFORMITY
		SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
		MILD CONSTRICTION
		CONSTRICTION WITH HYPERPLASIA
		UNILATERAL HYPOPLASIA
		HYPOPLASIA, CONSTRICTION, AND AREOLAR HERNIATION
		POLAND’S SYNDROME
		SUMMARY
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 120: Augmentation Mammaplasty in Women With Thoracic Hypoplasia
		INTRODUCTION
		PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
		TECHNIQUES FOR CORRECTION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 121: Breast Reconstruction in Patients With Poland Syndrome
		INTRODUCTION
		ETIOLOGY AND INCIDENCE
		CLASSIFICATION
		TREATMENT
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 122: Augmentation With Periareolar Mastopexy
		TECHNIQUE
		COMPLICATIONS
		REVISIONS
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 123: Augmentation Mastopexy: General Considerations
		INTRODUCTION
		PATIENT SELECTION
		IMPLANT LOCATION
		IMPLANT FILL AND SHAPE
		IMPLANT TEXTURE
		OPERATIVE SEQUENCE
		SKIN INCISION PATTERN
		AUGMENTATION/MASTOPEXY REVISION
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 124: Managing Complications of Augmentation Mammaplasty
		EARLY COMPLICATIONS (DAYS OR WEEKS AFTER SURGERY)
		LATE COMPLICATIONS (MONTHS OR YEARS AFTER SURGERY)
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 125: Neo-subpectoral Technique for Implant Malposition
		TECHNIQUE
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 126: Outcome Assessment of Breast Distortion Following Submuscular Breast Augmentation
		INTRODUCTION
		TECHNIQUE FOR “DUAL-PLANE” SUBPECTORAL BREAST AUGMENTATION
		RESULTS
		DISCUSSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 127: Bioprosthetic Materials for Plastic Surgery of the Breast
		INTRODUCTION
		HISTORY
		ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 128: Acellular Dermal Matrix for the Treatment and Prevention of Implant-associated Breast Deformities
		BRIEF HISTORY
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
		POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		CASE EXAMPLES
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 129: Correction of Capsular Contracture After Augmentation Mammaplasty by Conversion to the Subpectoral or “Dual-plane” Position
		INTRODUCTION
		TECHNIQUE
		DISCUSSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 130: The Inframammary Fold: Histologic and Anatomic Description, Classification and Definitions, and Options for Repair and Reinforcement
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 131: Revision Augmentation With Anatomic Form-stable Silicone Gel Implants
		INTRODUCTION
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
		INTRAOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE
		CASES
		RISKS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 132: Correction of Ptosis in the Previously Augmented Breast
		REFERENCES
Index