Surface Syntax of English: A Formal Model Within the Meaning-Text Framework

Table of contents......Page 10
EDITOR\'S PREFACE......Page 14
FOREWORD......Page 16
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 18
§ 1. Three raisons d\'être of this Book
......Page 20
§ 2. Five Main Characteristics of the Syntactic Approach in this Book......Page 23
1. Framework of analysis......Page 24
3. A static viewpoint......Page 25
4. Dependency trees......Page 26
5. Labeled surface-syntactic relations......Page 27
§ 3. Organization of this Book 
......Page 28
§ 1. General Remarks
......Page 31
§ 2. Levels of Utterance Representation in the Meaning-Text Model
......Page 34
NOTES......Page 52
§ 3. General Design of the Meaning-Text Model......Page 53
§ 4. Five Basic Principles of the Meaning-Text Approach......Page 62
§ 1. General Characterization of the Surface-Syntactic Representation
......Page 65
1. DEPENDENCY TREES.......Page 67
2. CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE NODES OF A D-TREE AND THE WORDFORMS OF THE SENTENCE IT REPRESENTS.......Page 76
3. DEEP-MORPHOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION OF A WORDFORM.......Page 77
4. SURFACE-SYNTACTIC RELATION (SSyntRel).......Page 80
5. GROUPING IN DEPENDENCY STRUCTURES.......Page 91
NOTES......Page 94
§ 3. Conditions for Grammatical Correctness of EnglishSurface-Syntactic Structures
......Page 97
§ 4. Surface-Syntactic Relations in Modern English......Page 104
1. General.......Page 137
2. Verb phrase.......Page 139
3. Word-like phrases (17-20).......Page 140
4. Expletive phrases.......Page 144
5. Conjunctional phrases (22—26).......Page 146
6. Noun phrase (27-39).......Page 148
SPECIMENS OF SURFACE-SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES FOR ENGLISH SENTENCES
......Page 176
NOTES......Page 180
§ 1. General Characterization of the Deep-Morphological Representation (of a Sentence)
......Page 182
§ 2. Deep-Morphological Structure
......Page 184
§ 3. Conditions for GrammaticalCorrectness of English Deep-Morphological Structures
......Page 185
§ 4. Morphological Variables and Values of Wordforms inModern English
......Page 186
Grammatical Categories in Modern English......Page 187
NOTES......Page 193
§ 1. General Characterization of the Surface-Syntactic Component......Page 197
NOTES......Page 202
§ 2. The Notion of Syntagm......Page 205
1. Characterization of the syntagm.......Page 206
2. Means and devices for a more compact syntagm notation.......Page 210
StandardFunctions......Page 212
Compounding Syntagms......Page 214
Variables in Syntagms......Page 215
3. Classification of syntagms.......Page 217
Guide to the List of Modern English Syntagms......Page 219
1. Predicative syntagms
......Page 235
2. Completive syntagms......Page 245
3. Agentive syntagms......Page 272
4. Absolute-predicative syntagms......Page 277
5. Subjective-copredicative syntagm......Page 284
6. Pronominal-sub]ective-copredicative syntagm......Page 285
7. Objective-copredicative syntagm
......Page 288
8. Comparative syηtagm
......Page 289
9. Adverbial syntagms......Page 291
10. Modificative-adverbial syntagm......Page 306
11. Appositive-adverbial syntagm......Page 309
13. Parenthetical syntagms......Page 310
14. Adjunctive syntagms......Page 325
15. Restrictive syntagm......Page 326
16. Auxiliary syntagms......Page 336
17. Phrasal-junctive syntagm......Page 344
18. Numeral-junctive syntagms......Page 346
19. Binary-junctive syntagms......Page 349
20. Colligative syntagms......Page 352
21. Expletive syntagms......Page 355
22. Subordinate-conjunctional syntagms......Page 368
23. Coordinate-conjunctional syntagms......Page 371
24. Predicative-conjunctional syntagm......Page 375
25. Completive-conjunctional syntagm......Page 376
26. Absolute-conjunctional syntagm......Page 377
27. Prepositional syntagms......Page 379
28. Determinative syntagms......Page 390
29. Quantitative syntagms......Page 397
30. Modificative syntagms......Page 404
31. Descriptive-modificative syntagms......Page 419
32. Possessive syntagms......Page 425
33. Compositive syntagms......Page 427
34. Elective syntagm......Page 434
35.Appositive synlagms......Page 436
36. Descriptive-appositive syntagms......Page 441
37. Sequential syntagms......Page 448
38. Attributive syntagms......Page 451
39. Descriptive-attributive syntagms......Page 470
40. Coordinative syntagms......Page 477
APPENDIX I. Parts of Speech and Syntactic Features of English Lexemes......Page 490
Parts of speech......Page 491
Syntactic features......Page 493
A. Internal structure of standard subtrees......Page 504
B. Externa connections of standard subtrees......Page 509
C. Distribution (among the individual nodes of the subtree) of labels that are attached to the subtree symbol as a whole
......Page 510
APPENDIX III. List of English Lexemes Mentioned in Syntagms (\'Syntactic\' Lexemes)
......Page 512
APPENDIX IV. Samples of English Syntactic Phenomena Unaccounted for in the Proposed Description
......Page 520
B. Elliptical sentences.......Page 521
C. Sentences with syntactic constructions unaccounted for in the present model.
......Page 523
D. Sentences with unclear SSyntS.......Page 524
REFERENCES......Page 526
SUBJECT AND TERM INDEX......Page 540