Surface and Interfacial Forces

Content: Cover
 Title Page
 Copyright
 Contents
 Preface
 List of Symbols
 Chapter 1 Introduction
 Chapter 2 Experimental Methods
 2.1 Surface Forces Apparatus
 2.1.1 Mica
 2.1.2 Multiple Beam Interferometry
 2.1.3 Friction Force Measurements
 2.1.4 Surface Modification
 2.2 Atomic Force Microscope
 2.2.1 Force Measurements with the AFM
 2.2.2 AFM Cantilevers
 2.2.3 Calibration of the Spring Constant
 2.2.4 Microfabricated Tips and Colloidal Probes
 2.2.5 Friction Forces
 2.2.6 Force Maps
 2.2.7 Dynamic Modes
 2.3 Optical Tweezers
 2.3.1 Calibration
 2.3.2 Multiple Traps. 2.4 Total Internal Reflection Microscopy2.5 Magnetic Tweezers
 2.6 Summary
 2.7 Exercises
 Chapter 3 van der Waals Forces
 3.1 van der Waals Forces between Molecules
 3.1.1 Coulomb Interaction
 3.1.2 Monopole-Dipole Interaction
 3.1.3 Dipole-Dipole Interaction
 3.1.3.1 Keesom Interaction
 3.1.3.2 Debye Interaction
 3.1.3.3 London Dispersion Interaction
 3.2 The van der Waals Force between Macroscopic Solids
 3.2.1 Microscopic or Hamaker Approach
 3.2.2 Macroscopic Calculation: Lifshitz Theory
 3.2.3 Hamaker Constants
 3.2.3.1 Calculation of Hamaker Constants. 3.2.3.2 Combining Relations for Hamaker Constants3.2.3.3 Table of Hamakar Constants
 3.2.4 Surface Energy and Hamaker Constant
 3.3 The Derjaguin Approximation
 3.3.1 The General Equation
 3.3.2 van der Waals Forces for Different Geometries
 3.4 Retarded van der Waals Forces
 3.4.1 Screening of van der Waals Forces in Electrolytes
 3.5 Measurement of van der Waals Forces
 3.6 The Casimir Force
 3.6.1 Casimir Forces between Metal Surfaces
 3.6.1.1 The Effect of Temperature
 3.6.1.2 Finite Conductivity of Real Metals
 3.6.1.3 Surface Roughness
 3.6.1.4 Casimir Force for Nontrivial Geometries. 3.6.2 Measurements of Casmir Forces3.6.3 Critical Casimir Force
 3.7 Summary
 3.8 Exercises
 Chapter 4 Electrostatic Double-Layer Forces
 4.1 The Electric Double Layer
 4.2 Poisson-Boltzmann Theory of the Diffuse Double Layer
 4.2.1 The Poisson-Boltzmann Equation
 4.2.2 Planar Surfaces
 4.2.3 The Full One-Dimensional Case
 4.2.4 The Electric Double Layer around a Sphere
 4.2.5 The Grahame Equation
 4.2.6 Capacity of the Diffuse Electric Double Layer
 4.3 Beyond Poisson-Boltzmann Theory
 4.3.1 Limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann Theory
 4.3.2 The Stern Layer. 4.4 The Gibbs Energy of the Electric Double Layer4.5 The Electrostatic Double-Layer Force
 4.5.1 General Equations
 4.5.2 Electrostatic Interaction between Two Identical Surfaces
 4.5.3 Electrostatic Interaction between Different Surfaces
 4.6 The DLVO Theory
 4.7 Electrostatic Forces in Nonpolar Media
 4.8 Summary
 4.9 Exercises
 Chapter 5 Capillary Forces
 5.1 Equation of Young and Laplace
 5.2 Kelvin Equation
 5.2.1 Capillary Condensation
 5.3 Young\'s Equation
 5.4 Capillary Forces Calculated with the Circular Approximation
 5.4.1 Capillary Force between a Sphere and a Plane.