Supporting Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development in Africa: Sustainability in Infrastructure Development

Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
Part I: Sustainability in Infrastructure Development
	1: Resilient Off-Grid Solar PV Power Supply for Rural Communities
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Off-Grid PV System
			2.1	 PV Modules
			2.2	 Energy Storage
			2.3	 Inverter
			2.4	 Auxiliaries
		3	 Lightning and Electrical Installations
			3.1	 Air-Termination System
			3.2	 Earthing System
			3.3	 Current Path to Earth
		4	 Lightning Protection Scheme for Off-Grid PV Plant
			4.1	 Air-Termination and Down Conductor System
			4.2	 Earth-Termination System
			4.3	 Surge Protection Measures in the PV Array
			4.4	 Surge Protection Measures for ICT Systems
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	2: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Kenya
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methodology
		3	 Results
			3.1	 Arbitration
			3.2	 Tax Commissioner
			3.3	 Judicial Mediation in Kenya
		4	 Findings
		References
			Regulations
	3: Engineering Skills Development Through Mega Construction Projects (MCPs)
		1	 Orientation of the Study
			1.1	 Background to the Problem
			1.2	 Problem Statement
			1.3	 Research Objectives
		2	 Literature Review
		3	 Research Methodology
			3.1	 Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation
		4	 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations
			4.1	 Discussion
			4.2	 Conclusion
			4.3	 Recommendations
		References
	4: A Conceptual Review of Factors Influencing Succession in Small- and Medium-Sized Construction Firms in Nigeria
		1	 The Study Background
		2	 The Research Problem
		3	 Factors Influencing Succession in Construction Firms
			3.1	 Clear Company Goals/Purpose
			3.2	 Demarcating Personal Assets from Company Assets
			3.3	 Having In-Place Strategy to Create Leaders
			3.4	 Develop and Implement a Written Succession Plan
			3.5	 Good Communication Link Between Stakeholders
			3.6	 Mentoring (Employee Training)
		4	 Conceptual Framework
		5	 Conclusion and Recommendation
		References
	5: Constitutional Bases of Social Rights in South African States and Their Compliance with Generally Accepted International Standards
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials
		3	 Methodology
		4	 Outcome/Results
		5	 Discussion
		6	 Some Comments and Conclusions
		References
	6: Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials
		3	 Methods
		4	 Results
		5	 Conclusion/Recommendations
		References
	7: International Commercial Arbitration in African Countries: Development Prospects
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methodology
		3	 Results
			3.1	 African Member States of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA)
			3.2	 African Countries That Have Adopted Their Own National Arbitration Laws, Using the 1985 UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration
		4	 Findings
		References
			Regulations
	8: Recognition, Enforcement and Challenges of Decisions of the General Court of Justice and Arbitration of the Organization for the Harmonization of Commercial Law in Africa (OHADA)
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials
		3	 Methodology
		4	 Results
			4.1	 General Provisions on Arbitration in the OHADA Zone
			4.2	 Challenging an Award
				4.2.1 Annulment of the Arbitral Award (The Annulment of an Arbitral Award)
				4.2.2 The Opposition of Third Parties Against Arbitral Awards (The Opposition of a Third Party Against an Arbitration Award)
			4.3	 Revision of the Award by Way of Audit (The Revision of the Arbitration Award)
			4.4	 Recognition and Enforcement of Award
		5	 Conclusions/Recommendations
		References
			Regulations
			Judgements
	9: Role of the Basel and Bamako Conventions in the Fight Against Wastes in Africa
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusion/Recommendations
		References
	10: The Impact of Colonial Heritage and Other Factors on Evolution of Legal Regulation of Civil Justice, Arbitrage and Mediation in the West African States Included in the ECOWAS
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials
		3	 Methodology
			3.1	 Common Law System (Common Law)
			3.2	 Continental Law System (Continental Law)
			3.3	 Traditional (Customary) Law System (Customary Law)
			3.4	 Islamic Law (Islamic Law)
		4	 Membership in Regional Associations
			4.1	 Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) (L’Organisation pour l’harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires—OHADA)
			4.2	 The Ordinary Court of Justice and Arbitration of OHADA (CCJA)
			4.3	 West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)
		5	 Conclusions/Recommendations
		References
			Regulations
	11: The Nature of Customary (Traditional) Law and Customary Courts in ECOWAS Countries
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials
		3	 Methods
		4	 Main Results
			4.1	 The Nature of Customary Law
			4.2	 African Customary Law Features in the Pre-colonial and Colonial Era
			4.3	 Current African Customary Law
			4.4	 The Procedure for Applying to the Ordinary Court (on the Example of Nigeria’s Customary Courts)
			4.5	 Advantages and Disadvantages of Administering Justice in Customary Courts
			4.6	 Reforms in the Field of Common (Traditional) Justice
		5	 Conclusion
		References
			Regulations
	12: The Role of Agriculture in African Countries as a Direction of Economy Diversification
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Method
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusions
		References
Part II: Infrastructure Project Delivery Systems
	13: Assessing the Utility of the Retention Bond as an Alternative to Cash Retention for Small-Scale Contractors in Zambia
		1	 Introduction
			1.1	 Bonds Generally
			1.2	 Types of Bonds for Construction
			1.3	 Retention Bond
			1.4	 Requirement for a Valid Issue of a Construction Bond
		2	 Methodology
		3	 Discussion
			3.1	 Response Rate and Characteristics of Respondents
			3.2	 Types of Bonds Used in the ZCI
			3.3	 Requirements Needed for Retention Bond
			3.4	 Challenges and Opportunities of Cash Retention
			3.5	 Perception on the Feasibility of Using Retention Bond
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	14: Issues of Corruption in Construction Projects and Infrastructure Development in Nigeria: An Empirical Approach
		1	 Introduction
			1.1	 Problem of Study
			1.2	 Research Objectives
		2	 Literature Review
			2.1	 Overview of the Nigerian Construction Industry and Its Socio-economic Significance
			2.2	 The Concept of Corruption and Its Impact on the Nigerian Construction Industry
			2.3	 Project Management Perspectives in Construction Project Performance
		3	 Research Methodology
		4	 Study Results
		5	 Conclusion
		6	 Recommendations
		References
	15: Root Causes of Delays in Ghanaian Public Sector Competitive Tendering Process
		1	 Introduction
			1.1	 Objectives of the Study
			1.2	 Scope of the Study
		2	 Root Cause Analysis of Delays
			2.1	 Causes of Delays in Public Competitive Tendering Process
				2.1.1 Delay in Preparing Technical Specifications and Scope of Works
				2.1.2 Failure to Commence Tendering Process
				2.1.3 Extension of Bid Submission Date
				2.1.4 Delay in Opening Bids
				2.1.5 Delays in the Evaluation of Bids
				2.1.6 Delays in Approval Process
				2.1.7 Contractor Challenging the Tendering Process
				2.1.8 Improper Procurement Plan
			2.2	 Addressing Delays in Public Competitive Tendering
				2.2.1 Case Study Design
		3	 Analysis and Results
			3.1	 Case 1
			3.2	 Case 2
			3.3	 Case 3
			3.4	 Cross-Case Synthesis
		4	 Conclusion and Future Research
		References
	16: Perceived Unethical Engineering in Road Construction in Zambia
		1	 Introduction
			1.1	 Objective
			1.2	 Rationale
		2	 Literature Review
		3	 Methodology
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	17: Retrospective Analysis of Failure Causes of Small-Scale Contractors’ Business in Zambia: Contractors’ Perspective
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Literature Review
		3	 Conceptual Framework
		4	 Methods
			4.1	 Research Approach
			4.2	 Research Design
			4.3	 Research Population
			4.4	 Sampling Techniques
			4.5	 Sampling Plan
			4.6	 Sample Size Determination
		5	 Data Presentation and Analysis
			5.1	 Importance Index
			5.2	 Difficulty in Acquiring Work
			5.3	 Delayed Payment
		6	 Summary of Findings
		7	 Conclusions and Recommendations
		References
	18: A Skills Measurement Framework for the Construction Industry: A Case of Lusaka Province
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methodology
			2.1	 Research Design
			2.2	 Research Instruments
			2.3	 Data Analysis
		3	 Results and Discussion
			3.1	 Questionnaire Findings
				3.1.1 Industry Demographics
				3.1.2 Factors Influencing Skills Demand and Supply
					Skills Requirements
					Skills Measurement
				3.1.3 Interview Findings
					Skills Measurement Framework Design
		4	 Limitations and Recommendations
		References
	19: Suitable Infrastructure Projects for Public Private Partnerships in Zambia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Public Private Partnerships
			2.1	 Advantages of PPPs
				2.1.1 Increased Infrastructure Funding
				2.1.2 Private Sector Efficiencies
			2.2	 Drawbacks of PPPs
		3	 Research Method
		4	 Findings
			4.1	 Hypothesis Testing
		5	 Discussion
		6	 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	20: Analysis of the Factors Influencing Residential Housing Consumers’ Location Preferences in Uyo
		1	 Introduction
			1.1	 Problem Statement and Justification
			1.2	 Objective of the Study
		2	 Literature Review
		3	 Research Methodology
			3.1	 The Study Area
		4	 Results and Findings
			4.1	 Binary Logistic Regression Model
		5	 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	21: Effectiveness of Waste Management Control Systems in Bloemfontein
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Review of Related Literature
			2.1	 Construction Waste Management
			2.2	 Causes/Sources of Waste
			2.3	 Construction Waste Control Systems
		3	 Research Methods
		4	 Results and Discussion
			4.1	 Background Information About the Respondents
			4.2	 Construction Waste Management Systems
			4.3	 Causes of Waste
			4.4	 Practices to Minimize Waste
			4.5	 Effectiveness of Construction Waste Control Systems
		5	 Conclusion, Recommendations and Further Studies
		References
	22: Exploring the Impact of SMME Participation in Township Development Projects
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Review of Related Literature
			2.1	 SMME as a Stimulant to the South African Economy
			2.2	 The Production of Non-conforming Work by SMMEs
				2.2.1 Strategic Planning
				2.2.2 Employee Training and Skills
			2.3	 SMMEs Fail to Carry Work Through to Completion
				2.3.1 Availability of Capital
				2.3.2 Labour Force Competencies
			2.4	 SMMEs Engage in Project Cost Saving Through Unlawful Means
		3	 Research Methods
		4	 Research Findings and Discussion
		5	 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	23: Indicators of Management Capability in Small and Medium-Sized Construction Organisations: A Literature Review
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Findings on Management Capability Indicators
			3.1	 Resource Base
			3.2	 Technical Personnel
			3.3	 Organisational Structure
			3.4	 Project Governance
				3.4.1 Project Direction
				3.4.2 Project Sponsorship
				3.4.3 Disclosure and Reporting
			3.5	 Productivity
			3.6	 Workload of the Organisation
		4	 Summary of Findings
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	24: Marketing Tools of Implementing the National Oncological Projects in Developing Countries Within the Scenario of Digital Medicine Development
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Method
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	25: Developing Countries on the Path of Implementing the National Oncological Projects: Market Barriers and Marketing Tools for Overcoming Them
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Method
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	26: Modern Africa on the Path of Sustainable Development: A View into the Future
		References
Index