Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Front Cover......Page 1
Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Principles and Practice......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Supercritical Fluid Extraction......Page 10
Chapter 1. Introduction......Page 12
Chapter 2. Historical Perspective......Page 28
Chapter 3. Phase Diagrams forSupercritical Fluid-Solute Mixtures......Page 38
 PHASE DIAGRAMS FOR BINARY MIXTURES......Page 42
 SOLID-SUPERCRITICAL FLUID PHASE DIAGRAMS......Page 56
 POLYMER-SUPERCRITICAL FLUID PHASE DIAGRAMS......Page 72
 PHASE DIAGRAMS FOR TERNARY MIXTURES......Page 82
 DYNAMIC METHODS FOR MEASURING SOLUBILITIES INSUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS......Page 96
 STATIC METHODS FOR MEASURING SOLUBILITIES INSUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS......Page 102
 METHODS FOR DETERMINING PHASE BORDER CURVES......Page 105
 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES......Page 110
 SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS......Page 116
 VAPOR-LIQUID CALCULATIONS......Page 121
 LIQUID-LIQUID-VAPOR CALCULATIONS......Page 125
 POLYMER-SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CALCULATIONS......Page 131
 SOLID-SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CALCULATIONS......Page 138
Chapter 6. Process Operations......Page 146
 PROPANE DEASPHALTING......Page 156
 SOLEXOL PROCESS......Page 161
 ROSE PROCESS......Page 164
Chapter 8. Supercritical FluidProcess DevelopmentStudies......Page 168
 ACTIVATED CARBON REGENERATION......Page 169
 SEPARATION OF ORGANIC-WATER SOLUTIONS......Page 181
 BREAKING AN AZEOTROPE......Page 193
 HIGH-PRESSURE POLYETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION......Page 200
 POLYMER FRACTIONATION PROCESSES......Page 203
 POLYETHYLENE FRACTIONATION......Page 209
 FRACTIONATION OF ETHYLENE-BASED COPOLYMERS......Page 216
 POLYSILOXANE AND POLYSILOXANE/PMMACOPOLYMER FRACTIONATION......Page 228
 FRACTIONATION OF POLYMER BINDERSFOR SOLID PROPELLANTS......Page 261
 OLIGOMER EXTRACTION FROM POLYMERS......Page 268
 SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSISOF POLYSTYRENE......Page 269
 POLYMER FIBER SPINNING......Page 271
 FRACTIONATION OF VARIOUS POLYMERS......Page 273
 POLYMER-ORGANIC SOLVENT PHASE SEPARATION......Page 291
Chapter 10. Processing Pharmaceuticals,Natural Products, SpecialtyChemicals, and Waste Streams......Page 304
 COFFEE DECAFFEINATION......Page 305
 EDIBLE OILS EXTRACTION......Page 310
 EXTRACTION OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS......Page 315
 ISOMER SEPARATIONS......Page 318
 TREATMENT OF WASTE STREAMS......Page 320
 ENZYME REACTIONS......Page 322
 HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTIONS......Page 332
 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS......Page 333
 VISCOSITY EFFECTS......Page 336
 REACTION/SEPARATION SCHEMES......Page 337
 ENHANCED REACTION RATES AND SELECTIVITIES......Page 339
 SUPERCRITICAL FLUID NUCLEATION......Page 344
 GAS ANTISOLVENT RECRYSTALLIZATION......Page 353
 SWELLING OF POLYMERS......Page 368
 FORMATION OF POROUS POLYMERS......Page 371
Chapter 13. Epilogue......Page 378
References......Page 384
Appendix A. Patent Reviews......Page 406
 1. The Zosel Patent......Page 408
 2. Petroleum and other Fossil Fuels Separations......Page 410
 3. Coffee Decaffeination......Page 428
 4. Extraction of other Vegetable and Animal Materials......Page 438
 5. Polymers Processing......Page 452
 6. Separation of Organic-Water Solutions......Page 455
 7. Materials Processing......Page 460
 8. Miscellaneous......Page 464
Appendix B. Calculating Binary......Page 474
 Calculating Ternary......Page 481
 Calculating Ternary......Page 489
 Calculating Binary......Page 498
 Calculating Binary......Page 503
 Calculating Polymer-Solvent-Solvent......Page 508
 Calculating Polymer-Solvent-Solvent......Page 511
Index......Page 514